量子计算预计会对许多领域产生变革性的影响,但是其对行业问题的实际部署却没有得到充实的解放。我们专注于将量子计算应用于行业的运营管理问题,尤其是供应链管理。供应链管理中的许多问题都涉及大型州和行动空间,并在经典计算机上构成计算挑战。我们开发了一种量化的政策迭代算法来解决库存控制问题并证明其有效性。我们还深入讨论了在短期内实施该量子算法的硬件要求和潜在挑战。我们的模拟和实验由IBM Qiskit和Qbraid系统提供动力。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Climate change is becoming one of the greatest challenges to the sustainable development of modern society. Renewable energies with low density greatly complicate the online optimization and control processes, where modern advanced computational technologies, specifically quantum computing, have significant potential to help. In this paper, we discuss applications of quantum computing algorithms toward state-of-the-art smart grid problems. We suggest potential, exponential quantum speedup by the use of the Harrow-Hassidim-Lloyd (HHL) algorithms for sparse matrix inversions in power-flow problems. However, practical implementations of the algorithm are limited by the noise of quantum circuits, the hardness of realizations of quantum random access memories (QRAM), and the depth of the required quantum circuits. We benchmark the hardware and software requirements from the state-of-the-art power-flow algorithms, including QRAM requirements from hybrid phonon-transmon systems, and explicit gate counting used in HHL for explicit realizations. We also develop near-term algorithms of power flow by variational quantum circuits and implement real experiments for 6 qubits with a truncated version of power flows.
translated by 谷歌翻译
量子计算有可能彻底改变和改变我们的生活和理解世界的方式。该审查旨在提供对量子计算的可访问介绍,重点是统计和数据分析中的应用。我们从介绍了了解量子计算所需的基本概念以及量子和经典计算之间的差异。我们描述了用作量子算法的构建块的核心量子子程序。然后,我们审查了一系列预期的量子算法,以便在统计和机器学习中提供计算优势。我们突出了将量子计算应用于统计问题的挑战和机遇,并讨论潜在的未来研究方向。
translated by 谷歌翻译
FIG. 1. Schematic diagram of a Variational Quantum Algorithm (VQA). The inputs to a VQA are: a cost function C(θ), with θ a set of parameters that encodes the solution to the problem, an ansatz whose parameters are trained to minimize the cost, and (possibly) a set of training data {ρ k } used during the optimization. Here, the cost can often be expressed in the form in Eq. ( 3), for some set of functions {f k }. Also, the ansatz is shown as a parameterized quantum circuit (on the left), which is analogous to a neural network (also shown schematically on the right). At each iteration of the loop one uses a quantum computer to efficiently estimate the cost (or its gradients). This information is fed into a classical computer that leverages the power of optimizers to navigate the cost landscape C(θ) and solve the optimization problem in Eq. ( 1). Once a termination condition is met, the VQA outputs an estimate of the solution to the problem. The form of the output depends on the precise task at hand. The red box indicates some of the most common types of outputs.
translated by 谷歌翻译
强化学习目睹了最近在量子编程中的各种任务中的应用。基本的假设是这些任务可以建模为马尔可夫决策过程(MDP)。在这里,我们通过探索量子编程中的两个基本任务的后果来研究该假设的可行性:状态制备和门编译。通过形成离散的MDP,专门针对单量的情况(无论有没有噪声),我们可以通过策略迭代准确地为最佳策略求解。我们找到与最短门序列相对应的最佳路径,以准备状态或编译门,直至某些目标精度。例如,我们发现$ h $和$ t $门的序列长达$ 11 $生产$ \ sim 99 \%$ $ fidelity表格$(ht)^{n} | 0 \ rangle $值高达$ n = 10^{10} $。在存在门噪声的情况下,我们演示了最佳政策如何适应嘈杂的门的影响,以实现更高的状态忠诚度。我们的工作表明,人们可以将离散,随机和马尔可夫的性质强加于连续,确定性和非马克维亚量子演化,并提供理论上的洞察力,以了解为什么可以成功地使用强化学习来找到量子编程中的最佳短门序列。
translated by 谷歌翻译
量子信息技术的快速发展显示了在近期量子设备中模拟量子场理论的有希望的机会。在这项工作中,我们制定了1+1尺寸$ \ lambda \ phi \ phi^4 $量子场理论的(时间依赖性)变异量子模拟理论,包括编码,状态准备和时间演化,并具有多个数值模拟结果。这些算法可以理解为Jordan-Lee-Preskill算法的近期变异类似物,这是使用通用量子设备模拟量子场理论的基本算法。此外,我们强调了基于LSZ降低公式和几种计算效率的谐波振荡器基础编码的优势,例如在实施单一耦合群集ANSATZ的肺泡版本时,以准备初始状态。我们还讨论了如何在量子场理论仿真中规避“光谱拥挤”问题,并根据州和子空间保真度评估我们的算法。
translated by 谷歌翻译
量子Gibbs状态的制备是量子计算的重要组成部分,在各种区域具有广泛的应用,包括量子仿真,量子优化和量子机器学习。在本文中,我们提出了用于量子吉布斯状态准备的变分杂化量子典型算法。我们首先利用截短的泰勒系列来评估自由能,并选择截短的自由能量作为损耗功能。然后,我们的协议训练参数化量子电路以学习所需的量子吉布斯状态。值得注意的是,该算法可以在配备有参数化量子电路的近期量子计算机上实现。通过执行数值实验,我们显示浅参数化电路,只有一个额外的量子位训练,以便准备诸如高于95%的保真度的insing链和旋转链Gibbs状态。特别地,对于ising链模型,我们发现,只有一个参数和一个额外的qubit的简化电路ansatz可以训练,以在大于2的逆温度下实现吉布斯状态准备中的99%保真度。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Quantum computing (QC) promises significant advantages on certain hard computational tasks over classical computers. However, current quantum hardware, also known as noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers (NISQ), are still unable to carry out computations faithfully mainly because of the lack of quantum error correction (QEC) capability. A significant amount of theoretical studies have provided various types of QEC codes; one of the notable topological codes is the surface code, and its features, such as the requirement of only nearest-neighboring two-qubit control gates and a large error threshold, make it a leading candidate for scalable quantum computation. Recent developments of machine learning (ML)-based techniques especially the reinforcement learning (RL) methods have been applied to the decoding problem and have already made certain progress. Nevertheless, the device noise pattern may change over time, making trained decoder models ineffective. In this paper, we propose a continual reinforcement learning method to address these decoding challenges. Specifically, we implement double deep Q-learning with probabilistic policy reuse (DDQN-PPR) model to learn surface code decoding strategies for quantum environments with varying noise patterns. Through numerical simulations, we show that the proposed DDQN-PPR model can significantly reduce the computational complexity. Moreover, increasing the number of trained policies can further improve the agent's performance. Our results open a way to build more capable RL agents which can leverage previously gained knowledge to tackle QEC challenges.
translated by 谷歌翻译
量子计算为某些问题提供了指数加速的潜力。但是,许多具有可证明加速的现有算法都需要当前不可用的耐故障量子计算机。我们提出了NISQ-TDA,这是第一个完全实现的量子机学习算法,其在任意经典(非手动)数据上具有可证明的指数加速,并且仅需要线性电路深度。我们报告了我们的NISQ-TDA算法的成功执行,该算法应用于在量子计算设备以及嘈杂的量子模拟器上运行的小数据集。我们从经验上证实,该算法对噪声是可靠的,并提供了目标深度和噪声水平,以实现现实世界中问题的近期,无耐受耐受性的量子优势。我们独特的数据加载投影方法是噪声鲁棒性的主要来源,引入了一种新的自我校正数据加载方法。
translated by 谷歌翻译
我们提出了新型量子加固学习(RL)方法的完整实现和模拟,并在数学上证明了量子优势。我们的方法详细说明了如何将振幅估计和Grover搜索结合到政策评估和改进方案中。我们首先开发量子策略评估(QPE),与类似的经典蒙特卡洛估计相比,它在四四方面更有效,并且基于有限马尔可夫决策过程(MDP)的量子机械实现。在QPE的基础上,我们得出了一种量子策略迭代,该迭代迭代可以反复使用Grover搜索来改善初始策略,直到达到最佳。最后,我们为两臂强盗MDP提供了算法的实现,然后我们进行了模拟。结果证实QPE在RL问题中提供了量子优势。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Hybrid quantum-classical systems make it possible to utilize existing quantum computers to their fullest extent. Within this framework, parameterized quantum circuits can be regarded as machine learning models with remarkable expressive power. This Review presents the components of these models and discusses their application to a variety of data-driven tasks, such as supervised learning and generative modeling. With an increasing number of experimental demonstrations carried out on actual quantum hardware and with software being actively developed, this rapidly growing field is poised to have a broad spectrum of real-world applications.
translated by 谷歌翻译
即使在数十年的量子计算开发之后,通常在经典同行中具有指数加速的通常有用量子算法的示例是稀缺的。线性代数定位量子机学习(QML)的量子算法中的最新进展作为这种有用的指数改进的潜在来源。然而,在一个意想不到的发展中,最近一系列的“追逐化”结果同样迅速消除了几个QML算法的指数加速度的承诺。这提出了关键问题是否是其他线性代数QML算法的指数加速度持续存在。在本文中,我们通过该镜头研究了Lloyd,Garnerone和Zanardi的拓扑数据分析算法后面的量子算法方法。我们提供了证据表明,该算法解决的问题通过表明其自然概括与模拟一个清洁量子位模型很难地难以进行棘手的 - 这被广泛认为需要在经典计算机上需要超时时间 - 并且非常可能免疫追逐。基于此结果,我们为等级估计和复杂网络分析等问题提供了许多新的量子算法,以及其经典侵害性的复杂性 - 理论上。此外,我们分析了近期实现的所提出的量子算法的适用性。我们的结果为全面吹嘘和限制的量子计算机提供了许多有用的应用程序,具有古典方法的保证指数加速,恢复了线性代数QML的一些潜力,以成为量子计算的杀手应用之一。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Deep Reinforcement Learning is emerging as a promising approach for the continuous control task of robotic arm movement. However, the challenges of learning robust and versatile control capabilities are still far from being resolved for real-world applications, mainly because of two common issues of this learning paradigm: the exploration strategy and the slow learning speed, sometimes known as "the curse of dimensionality". This work aims at exploring and assessing the advantages of the application of Quantum Computing to one of the state-of-art Reinforcement Learning techniques for continuous control - namely Soft Actor-Critic. Specifically, the performance of a Variational Quantum Soft Actor-Critic on the movement of a virtual robotic arm has been investigated by means of digital simulations of quantum circuits. A quantum advantage over the classical algorithm has been found in terms of a significant decrease in the amount of required parameters for satisfactory model training, paving the way for further promising developments.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Understanding the power and limitations of quantum access to data in machine learning tasks is primordial to assess the potential of quantum computing in artificial intelligence. Previous works have already shown that speed-ups in learning are possible when given quantum access to reinforcement learning environments. Yet, the applicability of quantum algorithms in this setting remains very limited, notably in environments with large state and action spaces. In this work, we design quantum algorithms to train state-of-the-art reinforcement learning policies by exploiting quantum interactions with an environment. However, these algorithms only offer full quadratic speed-ups in sample complexity over their classical analogs when the trained policies satisfy some regularity conditions. Interestingly, we find that reinforcement learning policies derived from parametrized quantum circuits are well-behaved with respect to these conditions, which showcases the benefit of a fully-quantum reinforcement learning framework.
translated by 谷歌翻译
近年来,机器学习的巨大进步已经开始对许多科学和技术的许多领域产生重大影响。在本文的文章中,我们探讨了量子技术如何从这项革命中受益。我们在说明性示例中展示了过去几年的科学家如何开始使用机器学习和更广泛的人工智能方法来分析量子测量,估计量子设备的参数,发现新的量子实验设置,协议和反馈策略,以及反馈策略,以及通常改善量子计算,量子通信和量子模拟的各个方面。我们重点介绍了公开挑战和未来的可能性,并在未来十年的一些投机愿景下得出结论。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Quantum Computing在古典计算机上解决困难的计算任务的显着改进承诺。然而,为实际使用设计量子电路不是琐碎的目标,并且需要专家级知识。为了帮助这一努力,提出了一种基于机器学习的方法来构建量子电路架构。以前的作品已经证明,经典的深度加强学习(DRL)算法可以成功构建量子电路架构而没有编码的物理知识。但是,这些基于DRL的作品不完全在更换设备噪声中的设置,从而需要大量的培训资源来保持RL模型最新。考虑到这一点,我们持续学习,以提高算法的性能。在本文中,我们介绍了深度Q-Learning(PPR-DQL)框架的概率策略重用来解决这个电路设计挑战。通过通过各种噪声模式进行数值模拟,我们证明了具有PPR的RL代理能够找到量子栅极序列,以比从划痕训练的代理更快地生成双量标铃声状态。所提出的框架是一般的,可以应用于其他量子栅极合成或控制问题 - 包括量子器件的自动校准。
translated by 谷歌翻译
基于内核的量子分类器是用于复杂数据的超线化分类的最有趣,最强大的量子机学习技术,可以在浅深度量子电路(例如交换测试分类器)中轻松实现。出乎意料的是,通过引入差异方案,可以将支持向量机固有而明确地实现,以将SVM理论的二次优化问题映射到量子古典的变分优化问题。该方案使用参数化的量子电路(PQC)实现,以创建一个不均匀的权重向量,以索引量子位,可以在线性时间内评估训练损失和分类得分。我们训练该变量量子近似支持向量机(VQASVM)的经典参数,该参数可以转移到其他VQASVM决策推理电路的许多副本中,以分类新查询数据。我们的VQASVM算法对基于云的量子计算机的玩具示例数据集进行了实验,以进行可行性评估,并进行了数值研究以评估其在标准的IRIS花朵数据集上的性能。虹膜数据分类的准确性达到98.8%。
translated by 谷歌翻译
量子机学习(QML)被认为是近术语量子设备最有前途的应用之一。然而,量子机器学习模型的优化呈现出众多挑战,从硬件的缺陷和导航指数上缩放的希尔伯特空间中的缺陷产生了巨大的挑战。在这项工作中,我们评估了深度增强学习中的当代方法的潜力,以增加量子变分电路中的增强基于梯度的优化例程。我们发现强化学习增强了优化器,始终突出噪声环境中的渐变血统。所有代码和备用重量都可用于复制结果或在https://github.com/lockwo/rl_qvc_opt上部署模型。
translated by 谷歌翻译
我们提出了一种普遍和系统的策略来编制任意量子信道而不使用辅助额度的辅助额度 - 一种强大的深度加强学习算法。我们严格证明,与编译酉栅极的情况鲜明对比,不管分解序列的长度如何,不可能将任意信道与任意精度编译成任意精度。但是,对于固定精度$ \ epsilon $一个可以用恒定数量的$ \ epsilon $ -dependent基本通道构建通用集,使得任意量子通道可以分解成这些基本通道的序列,然后是酉门,序列长度有$ o(\ frac {1} {\ epsilon} \ log \ frac {1} {\ epsilon})$。通过一个关于Majorana Fermions的拓扑编译的具体例子,我们表明我们所提出的算法可以通过将加权成本添加到近端政策优化的奖励功能中方便和有效地减少昂贵的基本栅极的使用。
translated by 谷歌翻译
在本文中,我们提出了量子数据中心(QDC),结合量子随机存储器(QRAM)和量子网络的体系结构。我们给出QDC的精确定义,并讨论其可能的实现和扩展。我们讨论了QDC在量子计算,量子通信和量子传感中的应用,主要关注$ t $ -GATE资源的QDC,用于多方私有量子通信的QDC和QDC,用于通过数据压缩进行分布式感测。我们表明,QDC将作为数据中心的未来版本提供高效,私人和快速的服务。
translated by 谷歌翻译