显式神经表面表示可以在任意精度上精确有效地提取编码表面,以及差异几何特性(例如表面正常和曲率)的分析推导。这种理想的属性在其隐式对应物中没有,使其非常适合计算机视觉,图形和机器人技术中的各种应用。但是,SOTA的作品在可以有效描述的拓扑结构方面受到限制,它引入了重建复杂表面和模型效率的失真。在这项工作中,我们提出了最小的神经图集,这是一种新型基于地图集的显式神经表面表示。从其核心处是一个完全可学习的参数域,由在参数空间的开放正方形上定义的隐式概率占用字段给出。相比之下,先前的工作通常预定了参数域。附加的灵活性使图表能够允许任意拓扑和边界。因此,我们的表示形式可以学习3个图表的最小地图集,这些图表对任意拓扑表面的表面(包括具有任意连接的组件的闭合和开放表面),具有变形最小的参数化。我们的实验支持了这一假设,并表明我们的重建在整体几何形状方面更为准确,这是由于对拓扑和几何形状的关注所分离。
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Figure 1. Given input as either a 2D image or a 3D point cloud (a), we automatically generate a corresponding 3D mesh (b) and its atlas parameterization (c). We can use the recovered mesh and atlas to apply texture to the output shape (d) as well as 3D print the results (e).
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本文介绍了学习3D表面类似地图集的表示的新技术,即从2D域到表面的同质形态转换。与先前的工作相比,我们提出了两项​​主要贡献。首先,我们没有通过优化作为高斯人的混合物来了解具有任意拓扑的连续2D域,而不是将固定的2D域(例如一组平方斑)映射到表面上。其次,我们在两个方向上学习一致的映射:图表,从3D表面到2D域,以及参数化,它们的倒数。我们证明,这可以提高学到的表面表示的质量,并在相关形状集合中的一致性。因此,它导致了应用程序的改进,例如对应估计,纹理传输和一致的UV映射。作为额外的技术贡献,我们概述了,尽管合并正常的一致性具有明显的好处,但它会导致优化问题,并且可以使用简单的排斥正则化来缓解这些问题。我们证明我们的贡献比现有基线提供了更好的表面表示。
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神经隐式功能最近显示了来自多个视图的表面重建的有希望的结果。但是,当重建无限或复杂的场景时,当前的方法仍然遭受过度复杂性和稳健性不佳。在本文中,我们介绍了RegSDF,这表明适当的点云监督和几何正规化足以产生高质量和健壮的重建结果。具体而言,RegSDF将额外的定向点云作为输入,并优化了可区分渲染框架内的签名距离字段和表面灯场。我们还介绍了这两个关键的正规化。第一个是在给定嘈杂和不完整输入的整个距离字段中平稳扩散签名距离值的Hessian正则化。第二个是最小的表面正则化,可紧凑并推断缺失的几何形状。大量实验是在DTU,BlendenDMV以及储罐和寺庙数据集上进行的。与最近的神经表面重建方法相比,RegSDF即使对于具有复杂拓扑和非结构化摄像头轨迹的开放场景,RegSDF也能够重建表面。
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Intelligent mesh generation (IMG) refers to a technique to generate mesh by machine learning, which is a relatively new and promising research field. Within its short life span, IMG has greatly expanded the generalizability and practicality of mesh generation techniques and brought many breakthroughs and potential possibilities for mesh generation. However, there is a lack of surveys focusing on IMG methods covering recent works. In this paper, we are committed to a systematic and comprehensive survey describing the contemporary IMG landscape. Focusing on 110 preliminary IMG methods, we conducted an in-depth analysis and evaluation from multiple perspectives, including the core technique and application scope of the algorithm, agent learning goals, data types, targeting challenges, advantages and limitations. With the aim of literature collection and classification based on content extraction, we propose three different taxonomies from three views of key technique, output mesh unit element, and applicable input data types. Finally, we highlight some promising future research directions and challenges in IMG. To maximize the convenience of readers, a project page of IMG is provided at \url{https://github.com/xzb030/IMG_Survey}.
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最近对隐含形状表示的兴趣日益增长。与明确的陈述相反,他们没有解决局限性,他们很容易处理各种各样的表面拓扑。为了了解这些隐式表示,电流方法依赖于一定程度的形状监督(例如,内部/外部信息或距离形状知识),或者至少需要密集点云(以近似距离 - 到 - 到 - 形状)。相比之下,我们介绍{\方法},一种用于学习形状表示的自我监督方法,从可能极其稀疏的点云。就像在水牛的针问题一样,我们在点云上“掉落”(样本)针头,认为,静统计地靠近表面,针端点位于表面的相对侧。不需要形状知识,点云可以高稀疏,例如,作为车辆获取的Lidar点云。以前的自我监督形状表示方法未能在这种数据上产生良好的结果。我们获得定量结果与现有的形状重建数据集上现有的监督方法标准,并在Kitti等硬自动驾驶数据集中显示有前途的定性结果。
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在视觉计算中,3D几何形状以许多不同的形式表示,包括网格,点云,体素电网,水平集和深度图像。每个表示都适用于不同的任务,从而使一个表示形式转换为另一个表示(前向地图)是一个重要且常见的问题。我们提出了全向距离字段(ODF),这是一种新的3D形状表示形式,该表示通过将深度从任何观看方向从任何3D位置存储到对象的表面来编码几何形状。由于射线是ODF的基本单元,因此可以轻松地从通用的3D表示和点云等常见的3D表示。与限制代表封闭表面的水平集方法不同,ODF是未签名的,因此可以对开放表面进行建模(例如服装)。我们证明,尽管在遮挡边界处存在固有的不连续性,但可以通过神经网络(Neururodf)有效地学习ODF。我们还引入了有效的前向映射算法,以转换odf to&从常见的3D表示。具体而言,我们引入了一种有效的跳跃立方体算法,用于从ODF生成网格。实验表明,神经模型可以通过过度拟合单个对象学会学会捕获高质量的形状,并学会概括对共同的形状类别。
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Implicit fields have been very effective to represent and learn 3D shapes accurately. Signed distance fields and occupancy fields are the preferred representations, both with well-studied properties, despite their restriction to closed surfaces. Several other variations and training principles have been proposed with the goal to represent all classes of shapes. In this paper, we develop a novel and yet fundamental representation by considering the unit vector field defined on 3D space: at each point in $\mathbb{R}^3$ the vector points to the closest point on the surface. We theoretically demonstrate that this vector field can be easily transformed to surface density by applying the vector field divergence. Unlike other standard representations, it directly encodes an important physical property of the surface, which is the surface normal. We further show the advantages of our vector field representation, specifically in learning general (open, closed, or multi-layered) surfaces as well as piecewise planar surfaces. We compare our method on several datasets including ShapeNet where the proposed new neural implicit field shows superior accuracy in representing any type of shape, outperforming other standard methods. The code will be released at https://github.com/edomel/ImplicitVF
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神经隐式功能的最新发展已在高质量的3D形状重建方面表现出巨大的成功。但是,大多数作品将空间分为形状的内部和外部,从而将其代表力量限制为单层和水密形状。这种局限性导致乏味的数据处理(将非紧密的原始数据转换为水密度),以及代表现实世界中一般对象形状的无能。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种新颖的方法来表示一般形状,包括具有多层表面的非水平形状和形状。我们介绍了3D形状(GIF)的一般隐式函数,该功能建模了每两个点之间的关系,而不是点和表面之间的关系。 GIF没有将3D空间分为预定义的内部区域,而是编码是否将两个点分开。 Shapenet上的实验表明,在重建质量,渲染效率和视觉保真度方面,GIF的表现优于先前的最先进方法。项目页面可从https://jianglongye.com/gifs获得。
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The recent neural implicit representation-based methods have greatly advanced the state of the art for solving the long-standing and challenging problem of reconstructing a discrete surface from a sparse point cloud. These methods generally learn either a binary occupancy or signed/unsigned distance field (SDF/UDF) as surface representation. However, all the existing SDF/UDF-based methods use neural networks to implicitly regress the distance in a purely data-driven manner, thus limiting the accuracy and generalizability to some extent. In contrast, we propose the first geometry-guided method for UDF and its gradient estimation that explicitly formulates the unsigned distance of a query point as the learnable affine averaging of its distances to the tangent planes of neighbouring points. Besides, we model the local geometric structure of the input point clouds by explicitly learning a quadratic polynomial for each point. This not only facilitates upsampling the input sparse point cloud but also naturally induces unoriented normal, which further augments UDF estimation. Finally, to extract triangle meshes from the predicted UDF we propose a customized edge-based marching cube module. We conduct extensive experiments and ablation studies to demonstrate the significant advantages of our method over state-of-the-art methods in terms of reconstruction accuracy, efficiency, and generalizability. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/rsy6318/GeoUDF.
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Figure 1: DeepSDF represents signed distance functions (SDFs) of shapes via latent code-conditioned feed-forward decoder networks. Above images are raycast renderings of DeepSDF interpolating between two shapes in the learned shape latent space. Best viewed digitally.
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Training parts from ShapeNet. (b) t-SNE plot of part embeddings. (c) Reconstructing entire scenes with Local Implicit Grids Figure 1:We learn an embedding of parts from objects in ShapeNet [3] using a part autoencoder with an implicit decoder. We show that this representation of parts is generalizable across object categories, and easily scalable to large scenes. By localizing implicit functions in a grid, we are able to reconstruct entire scenes from points via optimization of the latent grid.
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从\ emph {nocedended}点云中重建3D几何形状可以使许多下游任务受益。最近的方法主要采用神经网络的神经形状表示,以代表签名的距离字段,并通过无签名的监督适应点云。但是,我们观察到,使用未签名的监督可能会导致严重的歧义,并且通常会导致\ emph {意外}故障,例如在重建复杂的结构并与重建准确的表面斗争时,在自由空间中产生不希望的表面。为了重建一个更好的距离距离场,我们提出了半签名的神经拟合(SSN拟合),该神经拟合(SSN拟合)由半签名的监督和基于损失的区域采样策略组成。我们的关键见解是,签名的监督更具信息性,显然可以轻松确定对象之外的区域。同时,提出了一种新颖的重要性抽样,以加速优化并更好地重建细节。具体而言,我们将对象空间弹并分配到\ emph {sign-newand}和\ emph {sign-unawern}区域,其中应用了不同的监督。此外,我们根据跟踪的重建损失自适应地调整每个体素的采样率,以便网络可以更多地关注复杂的拟合不足区域。我们进行了广泛的实验,以证明SSN拟合在多个数据集的不同设置下实现最新性能,包括清洁,密度变化和嘈杂的数据。
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我们提出了一种从一系列时间演化点云序列中对时间一致的表面序列的无监督重建的方法。它在帧之间产生了密集和语义有意义的对应关系。我们将重建的表面代表由神经网络计算的Atlases,这使我们能够在帧之间建立对应关系。使这些对应关系的关键是语义上有意义的是为了保证在相应点计算的度量张量和尽可能相似。我们设计了一种优化策略,使我们的方法能够强大地对噪声和全局动作,而无需先验的对应关系或预先对准步骤。结果,我们的方法在几个具有挑战性的数据集中占据了最先进的。该代码可在https://github.com/bednarikjan/temporally_coherent_surface_reconstruction附近获得。
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With the advent of deep neural networks, learning-based approaches for 3D reconstruction have gained popularity. However, unlike for images, in 3D there is no canonical representation which is both computationally and memory efficient yet allows for representing high-resolution geometry of arbitrary topology. Many of the state-of-the-art learningbased 3D reconstruction approaches can hence only represent very coarse 3D geometry or are limited to a restricted domain. In this paper, we propose Occupancy Networks, a new representation for learning-based 3D reconstruction methods. Occupancy networks implicitly represent the 3D surface as the continuous decision boundary of a deep neural network classifier. In contrast to existing approaches, our representation encodes a description of the 3D output at infinite resolution without excessive memory footprint. We validate that our representation can efficiently encode 3D structure and can be inferred from various kinds of input. Our experiments demonstrate competitive results, both qualitatively and quantitatively, for the challenging tasks of 3D reconstruction from single images, noisy point clouds and coarse discrete voxel grids. We believe that occupancy networks will become a useful tool in a wide variety of learning-based 3D tasks.
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从嘈杂,不均匀和无知点云中的表面重建是计算机视觉和图形中的一个令人迷人但具有挑战性的问题。随着3D扫描技术的创新,强烈希望直接转换原始扫描数据,通常具有严重噪声,进入歧管三角网格。现有的基于学习的方法旨在学习零级曲面对底层形状进行的隐式功能。然而,大多数人都无法获得嘈杂和稀疏点云的理想结果,限制在实践中。在本文中,我们介绍了神经IML,一种新的方法,它直接从未引起的原始点云学习抗噪声符号距离功能(SDF)。通过最大限度地减少由隐式移动最小二乘函数获得的损耗,我们的方法通过最小化了自我监督的方式,从原始点云中从原始点云中的底层SDF,而不是明确地学习前提。 (IML)和我们的神经网络另一个,我们的预测器的梯度定义了便于计算IML的切线束。我们证明,当几个SDFS重合时,我们的神经网络可以预测符号隐式功能,其零电平集用作底层表面的良好近似。我们对各种基准进行广泛的实验,包括合成扫描和现实世界扫描,以表现出从各种投入重建忠实形状的能力,特别是对于具有噪音或间隙的点云。
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Point clouds are characterized by irregularity and unstructuredness, which pose challenges in efficient data exploitation and discriminative feature extraction. In this paper, we present an unsupervised deep neural architecture called Flattening-Net to represent irregular 3D point clouds of arbitrary geometry and topology as a completely regular 2D point geometry image (PGI) structure, in which coordinates of spatial points are captured in colors of image pixels. \mr{Intuitively, Flattening-Net implicitly approximates a locally smooth 3D-to-2D surface flattening process while effectively preserving neighborhood consistency.} \mr{As a generic representation modality, PGI inherently encodes the intrinsic property of the underlying manifold structure and facilitates surface-style point feature aggregation.} To demonstrate its potential, we construct a unified learning framework directly operating on PGIs to achieve \mr{diverse types of high-level and low-level} downstream applications driven by specific task networks, including classification, segmentation, reconstruction, and upsampling. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our methods perform favorably against the current state-of-the-art competitors. We will make the code and data publicly available at https://github.com/keeganhk/Flattening-Net.
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标准化流(NFS)是灵活的显式生成模型,已被证明可以准确地对复杂的现实世界数据分布进行建模。但是,它们的可逆性限制对存在于嵌入较高维空间中的较低维歧管上的数据分布施加局限性。实际上,这种缺点通常通过在影响生成样品质量的数据中添加噪声来绕过。与先前的工作相反,我们通过从原始数据分布中生成样品来解决此问题,并有有关扰动分布和噪声模型的全部知识。为此,我们确定对受扰动数据训练的NFS隐式表示最大可能性区域中的歧管。然后,我们提出了一个优化目标,该目标从扰动分布中恢复了歧管上最有可能的点。最后,我们专注于我们利用NFS的明确性质的3D点云,即从对数似然梯度中提取的表面正态和对数类样本本身,将Poisson表面重建应用于精炼生成的点集。
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最近的工作建模3D开放表面培训深度神经网络以近似无符号距离字段(UDF)并隐含地代表形状。要将此表示转换为显式网格,它们要么使用计算上昂贵的方法来对表面的致密点云采样啮合,或者通过将其膨胀到符号距离字段(SDF)中来扭曲表面。相比之下,我们建议直接将深度UDFS直接以延伸行进立方体的开放表面,通过本地检测表面交叉。我们的方法是幅度的序列,比啮合致密点云,比膨胀开口表面更准确。此外,我们使我们的表面提取可微分,并显示它可以帮助稀疏监控信号。
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