使用自然语言和基于语音的界面Gradu-ally转换消费者搜索,商店和表达他们的喜好。目前的工作探讨了与会话接口交互的语法结构的变化(命令与基于请求的表达方式)对消费者的主观任务享受产生负面影响,并系统地改变人类声音的客观声音特征。我们表明请求(与命令)导致语音融合和更低的语音延迟的折扣,最终是消费者的更自然的任务经验。据我们所知,这是第一份工作文件,可以改变消费者如何与智能对象系统地影响消费者的物联网体验的输入方式。我们提供了改变所需输入,以启动与智能对象的对话引发系统的改变,这两者都在消费者的主观经验和人类声音的客观语音变化。目前的研究还通过突出人类语音中的特征提取的未开发潜力作为一种在语音形成期间与消费者的声音特征联系起来的新型数据格式以及他们的子行程任务经验来进行方法暗示。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Intelligent agents have great potential as facilitators of group conversation among older adults. However, little is known about how to design agents for this purpose and user group, especially in terms of agent embodiment. To this end, we conducted a mixed methods study of older adults' reactions to voice and body in a group conversation facilitation agent. Two agent forms with the same underlying artificial intelligence (AI) and voice system were compared: a humanoid robot and a voice assistant. One preliminary study (total n=24) and one experimental study comparing voice and body morphologies (n=36) were conducted with older adults and an experienced human facilitator. Findings revealed that the artificiality of the agent, regardless of its form, was beneficial for the socially uncomfortable task of conversation facilitation. Even so, talkative personality types had a poorer experience with the "bodied" robot version. Design implications and supplementary reactions, especially to agent voice, are also discussed.
translated by 谷歌翻译
消费者设备中的语音代理的激增需要新的工具,用于评估这些系统超出其技术功能。本文提出了一种用于评估语音用户界面(VUIS)的工具包,其目的是测量用户体验中主观享受的关键因素。使用现有文献的元分析构建了Pueva Toolkit,结构化N = 20和半结构化N = 18个访谈和一个受试者实验室研究。由此产生的问卷包含35项,其中三类代表12种规模:(1)个性(2)用途和(3)令人愉快的态度。Pueva Toolkit将我们迁移到评估和比较科学之间的主观,快乐体验的能力以及对象内研究设计。
translated by 谷歌翻译
聊天机器人在商业和科学环境中越来越普遍。他们帮助客户抱怨产品或服务或支持他们找到最佳旅行交易。其他机器人提供心理健康支持或帮助预订医疗预约。本文认为,可以洞悉用户的语言意识形态及其融洽的期望,可用于告知受众群体的语言和互动模式,并确保公平地访问机器人提供的服务。该论点的基础是三种数据的基础:与聊天机器人相互交互,促进健康约会预订,用户对其交互的内省评论以及用户的定性调查评论在与预订机器人交战后。最后,我将定义对话式AI的受众设计,并讨论如何以用户为中心的聊天机器人互动和社会语言知识的理论方法(例如融洽的理论管理)来支持受众设计。
translated by 谷歌翻译
在这里,我询问我们可以了解如何了解性别如何影响人们如何与机器人互动。我回顾了2018年或更早发布的46个社会机器人的实证研究,报告了其参与者的性别,机器人的感知或预期性别,或两者兼而有之,并对参与者或机器人性别进行了一些分析。从这些研究中,我发现机器人默认被认为是男性,机器人吸收了人类的性别刻板印象,并且男性倾向于比女性更多地与机器人互动。我强调了关于年轻参与者中这种性别影响如何有何不同的开放问题,以及是否应该寻求将机器人的性别与参与者的性别相匹配,以确保积极的互动结果。我的结论是建议未来的研究应:包括性别多样化的参与者池,包括非二进制参与者,依靠自我认同来辨别性别而不是研究人员的感知,控制已知的性别协变量,测试有关性​​别的不同研究结果,并测试使用的机器人是否被参与者视为性别。我包括一个附录,其中包含46篇论文中每一篇与性别相关的发现的叙述摘要,以帮助未来的文学评论。
translated by 谷歌翻译
情绪可以提供自然的交流方式,以补充许多领域中社交机器人(例如文本和语音)现有的多模式能力。我们与112、223和151名参与者进行了三项在线研究,以调查使用情绪作为搜救(SAR)机器人的交流方式的好处。在第一个实验中,我们研究了通过机器人的情绪传达与SAR情况有关的信息的可行性,从而导致了从SAR情况到情绪的映射。第二项研究使用控制控制理论是推导此类映射的替代方法。此方法更灵活,例如允许对不同的情绪集和不同机器人进行调整。在第三个实验中,我们使用LED作为表达通道为外观受限的室外现场研究机器人创建了情感表达。在各种模拟的SAR情况下,使用这些情感表达式,我们评估了这些表达式对参与者(采用救援人员的作用)的影响。我们的结果和提议的方法提供了(a)有关情感如何帮助在SAR背景下传达信息的见解,以及(b)在(模拟)SAR通信环境中添加情绪为传播方式的有效性的证据。
translated by 谷歌翻译
为了在老年人的日常生活中实现连续的虚弱护理,我们向家里的老年人提出Ahobo,一位虚弱的护理机器人。通过AHOBO实施两种类型的支持系统,以支持身体健康和心理方面的老年人。对于身体健康的体力保健,我们专注于血压,并开发了一种用Ahobo血压测量的支持系统。对于心理脆弱的护理,我们将用Ahobo作为与机器人的娱乐活动实施着色的着色。根据日常生活中连续使用的假设,评估系统的可用性。对于血压测量的支持系统,我们对16名受试者的问卷进行了定性评估,包括系统血压测量的老年人。结果证实,该拟议的机器人不会影响血压读数,并且在基于主观评估的易用性方面是可接受的。为了使复兴的着色相互作用,在口头流畅性任务下对两名老年人进行了主观评估,并且已经证实了互动可以在日常生活中不断使用。拟议的机器人作为支持日常生活的AI的界面广泛使用将导致AI机器人支持从摇篮到坟墓的社会。
translated by 谷歌翻译
在过去的几年中,围绕种族类人体机器人的有问题实践的讨论已经上升。为了彻底理解机器人在人类机器人互动(HRI)社区中如何理解机器人的“性别” - 即如何被操纵,在哪些环境中以及其对人们的看法和人们产生哪些影响的影响,为基础建立基础。与机器人的互动 - 我们对文献进行了范围的评论。我们确定了553篇与我们从5个不同数据库中检索的评论相关的论文。审查论文的最终样本包括2005年至2021年之间的35篇论文,其中涉及3902名参与者。在本文中,我们通过报告有关其性别的目标和假设的信息(即操纵性别的定义和理由),对机器人的“性别”(即性别提示和操纵检查),对性别的定义和理由进行彻底总结这些论文。 (例如,参与者的人口统计学,受雇的机器人)及其结果(即主要和互动效应)。该评论表明,机器人的“性别”不会影响HRI的关键构建,例如可爱和接受,而是对刻板印象产生最强烈的影响。我们利用社会机器人技术和性别研究中的不同认识论背景来提供有关审查结果的全面跨学科观点,并提出了在HRI领域前进的方法。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Using chatbots to deliver recommendations is increasingly popular. The design of recommendation chatbots has primarily been taking an information-centric approach by focusing on the recommended content per se. Limited attention is on how social connection and relational strategies, such as self-disclosure from a chatbot, may influence users' perception and acceptance of the recommendation. In this work, we designed, implemented, and evaluated a social chatbot capable of performing three different levels of self-disclosure: factual information (low), cognitive opinions (medium), and emotions (high). In the evaluation, we recruited 372 participants to converse with the chatbot on two topics: movies and COVID-19 experiences. In each topic, the chatbot performed small talks and made recommendations relevant to the topic. Participants were randomly assigned to four experimental conditions where the chatbot used factual, cognitive, emotional, and adaptive strategies to perform self-disclosures. By training a text classifier to identify users' level of self-disclosure in real-time, the adaptive chatbot can dynamically match its self-disclosure to the level of disclosure exhibited by the users. Our results show that users reciprocate with higher-level self-disclosure when a recommendation chatbot consistently displays emotions throughout the conversation. Chatbot's emotional disclosure also led to increased interactional enjoyment and more positive interpersonal perception towards the bot, fostering a stronger human-chatbot relationship and thus leading to increased recommendation effectiveness, including a higher tendency to accept the recommendation. We discuss the understandings obtained and implications to future design.
translated by 谷歌翻译
由于社会机器人在日常环境中越来越普遍,因此他们将参加对话并适当地管理与他们共享的信息。然而,关于机器人如何适当地辨别信息的敏感性,这几乎都知道,这对人机信任具有重大影响。作为解决此问题的一部分的第一步,我们设计了隐私控制员,知己,用于对话社会机器人,能够使用与对话中的对话中的上下文元数据(例如,情绪,关系,主题)进行模型隐私边界。之后,我们进行了两项众群用户研究。第一项研究(n = 174)重点是,是否被认为是私人/敏感或非私人/非敏感性的各种人类互动情景。我们第一次研究的调查结果用于生成关联规则。我们的第二个研究(n = 95)通过比较使用我们的隐私控制器对基线机器人的机器人来评估人机交互情景中隐私控制器的有效性和准确性,这些机器人对基线机器人没有隐私控制。我们的结果表明,没有隐私控制器的机器人在没有隐私控制器的隐私权,可信度和社会意识中占有于机器人。我们得出结论,隐私控制器在真实的人机对话中的整合可以允许更可靠的机器人。此初始隐私控制员将作为更复杂的解决方案作为基础。
translated by 谷歌翻译
本文详细概述了将连续学习(CL)应用于单课的人类机器人互动(HRI)会议(AVG。31 +-10分钟)的案例研究,其中机器人的心理健康教练是积极的(n = 20)参与者的心理学(PP)练习。我们介绍了互动会议后与参与者进行的简短半结构访谈记录的数据的主题分析(TA)的结果,以及对统计结果的分析,证明了参与者的个性如何影响他们如何看待机器人的方式及其互动。
translated by 谷歌翻译
最近十年表明,人们对机器人作为福祉教练的兴趣越来越大。但是,尚未提出针对机器人设计作为促进心理健康的教练的凝聚力和全面的准则。本文详细介绍了基于基于扎根理论方法的定性荟萃分析的设计和道德建议,该方法是通过三项以用户为中心的涉及机器人福祉教练的三个不同的以用户为中心进行的,即:(1)与参与性设计研究一起进行的。 11名参与者由两位潜在用户组成,他们与人类教练一起参加了简短的专注于解决方案的实践研究,以及不同学科的教练,(2)半结构化的个人访谈数据,这些数据来自20名参加积极心理学干预研究的参与者借助机器人福祉教练胡椒,(3)与3名积极心理学研究的参与者以及2名相关的福祉教练进行了一项参与式设计研究。在进行主题分析和定性荟萃分析之后,我们将收集到收敛性和不同主题的数据整理在一起,并从这些结果中提炼了一套设计准则和道德考虑。我们的发现可以在设计机器人心理福祉教练时考虑到关键方面的关键方面。
translated by 谷歌翻译
人类不断受到他人的行为和观点的影响。至关重要的是,人类之间的社会影响是由互惠构成的:我们更多地遵循一直在考虑我们意见的人的建议。在当前的工作中,我们研究了与社会类人机器人互动时相互影响的影响是否可以出现。在一项联合任务中,人类参与者和人形机器人进行了感知估计,然后在观察伴侣的判断后可以公开修改它们。结果表明,赋予机器人表达和调节其对人类判断的易感水平的能力代表了双刃剑。一方面,当机器人遵循他们的建议时,参与者对机器人的能力失去了信心。另一方面,参与者不愿透露他们对易感机器人缺乏信心,这表明出现了支持人类机器人合作的社会影响力的相互机制。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Charisma is considered as one's ability to attract and potentially also influence others. Clearly, there can be considerable interest from an artificial intelligence's (AI) perspective to provide it with such skill. Beyond, a plethora of use cases opens up for computational measurement of human charisma, such as for tutoring humans in the acquisition of charisma, mediating human-to-human conversation, or identifying charismatic individuals in big social data. A number of models exist that base charisma on various dimensions, often following the idea that charisma is given if someone could and would help others. Examples include influence (could help) and affability (would help) in scientific studies or power (could help), presence, and warmth (both would help) as a popular concept. Modelling high levels in these dimensions for humanoid robots or virtual agents, seems accomplishable. Beyond, also automatic measurement appears quite feasible with the recent advances in the related fields of Affective Computing and Social Signal Processing. Here, we, thereforem present a blueprint for building machines that can appear charismatic, but also analyse the charisma of others. To this end, we first provide the psychological perspective including different models of charisma and behavioural cues of it. We then switch to conversational charisma in spoken language as an exemplary modality that is essential for human-human and human-computer conversations. The computational perspective then deals with the recognition and generation of charismatic behaviour by AI. This includes an overview of the state of play in the field and the aforementioned blueprint. We then name exemplary use cases of computational charismatic skills before switching to ethical aspects and concluding this overview and perspective on building charisma-enabled AI.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Deepfakes are computationally-created entities that falsely represent reality. They can take image, video, and audio modalities, and pose a threat to many areas of systems and societies, comprising a topic of interest to various aspects of cybersecurity and cybersafety. In 2020 a workshop consulting AI experts from academia, policing, government, the private sector, and state security agencies ranked deepfakes as the most serious AI threat. These experts noted that since fake material can propagate through many uncontrolled routes, changes in citizen behaviour may be the only effective defence. This study aims to assess human ability to identify image deepfakes of human faces (StyleGAN2:FFHQ) from nondeepfake images (FFHQ), and to assess the effectiveness of simple interventions intended to improve detection accuracy. Using an online survey, 280 participants were randomly allocated to one of four groups: a control group, and 3 assistance interventions. Each participant was shown a sequence of 20 images randomly selected from a pool of 50 deepfake and 50 real images of human faces. Participants were asked if each image was AI-generated or not, to report their confidence, and to describe the reasoning behind each response. Overall detection accuracy was only just above chance and none of the interventions significantly improved this. Participants' confidence in their answers was high and unrelated to accuracy. Assessing the results on a per-image basis reveals participants consistently found certain images harder to label correctly, but reported similarly high confidence regardless of the image. Thus, although participant accuracy was 62% overall, this accuracy across images ranged quite evenly between 85% and 30%, with an accuracy of below 50% for one in every five images. We interpret the findings as suggesting that there is a need for an urgent call to action to address this threat.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Dyadic and small group collaboration is an evolutionary advantageous behaviour and the need for such collaboration is a regular occurrence in day to day life. In this paper we estimate the perceived personality traits of individuals in dyadic and small groups over thin-slices of interaction on four multimodal datasets. We find that our transformer based predictive model performs similarly to human annotators tasked with predicting the perceived big-five personality traits of participants. Using this model we analyse the estimated perceived personality traits of individuals performing tasks in small groups and dyads. Permutation analysis shows that in the case of small groups undergoing collaborative tasks, the perceived personality of group members clusters, this is also observed for dyads in a collaborative problem solving task, but not in dyads under non-collaborative task settings. Additionally, we find that the group level average perceived personality traits provide a better predictor of group performance than the group level average self-reported personality traits.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Taking advice from others requires confidence in their competence. This is important for interaction with peers, but also for collaboration with social robots and artificial agents. Nonetheless, we do not always have access to information about others' competence or performance. In these uncertain environments, do our prior beliefs about the nature and the competence of our interacting partners modulate our willingness to rely on their judgments? In a joint perceptual decision making task, participants made perceptual judgments and observed the simulated estimates of either a human participant, a social humanoid robot or a computer. Then they could modify their estimates based on this feedback. Results show participants' belief about the nature of their partner biased their compliance with its judgments: participants were more influenced by the social robot than human and computer partners. This difference emerged strongly at the very beginning of the task and decreased with repeated exposure to empirical feedback on the partner's responses, disclosing the role of prior beliefs in social influence under uncertainty. Furthermore, the results of our functional task suggest an important difference between human-human and human-robot interaction in the absence of overt socially relevant signal from the partner: the former is modulated by social normative mechanisms, whereas the latter is guided by purely informational mechanisms linked to the perceived competence of the partner.
translated by 谷歌翻译
全球团队通常由基于语言的亚组组成,这些子组将互补信息汇总在一起以实现共同的目标。先前的研究概述了这些团队的两步工作沟通流。有团队会议使用所需的通用语言(即英语);为了准备这些会议,人们以母语为母语的对话。在团队会议上的工作沟通通常不如亚组对话效率。在当前的研究中,我们研究了利用机器翻译(MT)的想法,以促进全球团队会议。我们假设在团队会议之前交换子组对话日志会提供上下文信息,从而受益于团队合作。 MT可以翻译这些日志,这可以以低成本的方式理解。为了检验我们的假设,我们进行了一个受试者间实验,其中有20名参与者执行了人事选择任务。每个四重奏包括两名英语母语者(NS)和两个母语是普通话的非母语说话者(NNS)。所有参与者都以其母语的亚组对话开始了这项任务,然后以英语开始了团队会议。我们在团队会议之前操纵了子组对话日志的交换:MT介导的交流与没有。分析参与者的主观经验,任务绩效和讨论深度通过他们的对话举动所反映的,这表明当MT介导的亚组对话日志交流而不是没有交流时,团队会议质量会提高。最后,我们对何时以及如何应用MT进行了思考,以增强语言障碍的全球团队合作。
translated by 谷歌翻译
我们开发了数据驱动的模型,以预测机器人在社交就餐场景中何时应进食。能够与朋友和家人独立饮食被认为是具有行动不便的人的最令人难忘,最重要的活动之一。机器人可以潜在地帮助这项活动,但是由机器人辅助的喂养是一个多方面的问题,在咬合,咬合时机和咬合转移方面面临挑战。特别是在社交就餐场景中,特别是由于在社交用餐场景中变得唯一挑战性,因为可能会中断社交人类机器人群体的互动。我们的关键见解是,考虑到社交线索的微妙平衡的咬合时序策略可能会导致在社交用餐场景中在机器人辅助喂养过程中进行无缝互动。我们通过收集一个包含30组三人共同饮食的多模式人类尊贵数据集(HHCD)来解决这个问题。我们使用此数据集分析人类人类的赋形行为,并在社交用餐场景中开发咬合时正时预测模型。我们还将这些模型转移到人类机器人的态度方案中。我们的用户研究表明,当我们的算法使用食客之间的多模式社交信号线索来建模时,预测会有所改善。 HHCD数据集,用户研究的视频和代码将在接受后公开发布。
translated by 谷歌翻译
公开演讲期间的压力很普遍,会对绩效和自信产生不利影响。已经进行了广泛的研究以开发各种模型以识别情绪状态。但是,已经进行了最少的研究,以实时使用语音分析来检测公众演讲期间的压力。在这种情况下,当前的审查表明,算法的应用未正确探索,并有助于确定创建合适的测试环境的主要障碍,同时考虑当前的复杂性和局限性。在本文中,我们介绍了我们的主要思想,并提出了一个应力检测计算算法模型,该模型可以集成到虚拟现实(VR)应用程序中,以创建一个智能的虚拟受众,以提高公开讲话技能。当与VR集成时,开发的模型将能够通过分析与指示压力的生理参数相关的语音功能来实时检测过度压力,并帮助用户逐渐控制过度的压力并改善公众演讲表现
translated by 谷歌翻译