Recently, implicit neural representations have gained popularity for learning-based 3D reconstruction. While demonstrating promising results, most implicit approaches are limited to comparably simple geometry of single objects and do not scale to more complicated or large-scale scenes. The key limiting factor of implicit methods is their simple fullyconnected network architecture which does not allow for integrating local information in the observations or incorporating inductive biases such as translational equivariance. In this paper, we propose Convolutional Occupancy Networks, a more flexible implicit representation for detailed reconstruction of objects and 3D scenes. By combining convolutional encoders with implicit occupancy decoders, our model incorporates inductive biases, enabling structured reasoning in 3D space. We investigate the effectiveness of the proposed representation by reconstructing complex geometry from noisy point clouds and low-resolution voxel representations. We empirically find that our method enables the fine-grained implicit 3D reconstruction of single objects, scales to large indoor scenes, and generalizes well from synthetic to real data.

This work introduces alternating latent topologies (ALTO) for high-fidelity reconstruction of implicit 3D surfaces from noisy point clouds. Previous work identifies that the spatial arrangement of latent encodings is important to recover detail. One school of thought is to encode a latent vector for each point (point latents). Another school of thought is to project point latents into a grid (grid latents) which could be a voxel grid or triplane grid. Each school of thought has tradeoffs. Grid latents are coarse and lose high-frequency detail. In contrast, point latents preserve detail. However, point latents are more difficult to decode into a surface, and quality and runtime suffer. In this paper, we propose ALTO to sequentially alternate between geometric representations, before converging to an easy-to-decode latent. We find that this preserves spatial expressiveness and makes decoding lightweight. We validate ALTO on implicit 3D recovery and observe not only a performance improvement over the state-of-the-art, but a runtime improvement of 3-10$\times$. Project website at https://visual.ee.ucla.edu/alto.htm/.

With the advent of deep neural networks, learning-based approaches for 3D reconstruction have gained popularity. However, unlike for images, in 3D there is no canonical representation which is both computationally and memory efficient yet allows for representing high-resolution geometry of arbitrary topology. Many of the state-of-the-art learningbased 3D reconstruction approaches can hence only represent very coarse 3D geometry or are limited to a restricted domain. In this paper, we propose Occupancy Networks, a new representation for learning-based 3D reconstruction methods. Occupancy networks implicitly represent the 3D surface as the continuous decision boundary of a deep neural network classifier. In contrast to existing approaches, our representation encodes a description of the 3D output at infinite resolution without excessive memory footprint. We validate that our representation can efficiently encode 3D structure and can be inferred from various kinds of input. Our experiments demonstrate competitive results, both qualitatively and quantitatively, for the challenging tasks of 3D reconstruction from single images, noisy point clouds and coarse discrete voxel grids. We believe that occupancy networks will become a useful tool in a wide variety of learning-based 3D tasks.

隐式神经网络已成功用于点云的表面重建。然而，它们中的许多人面临着可扩展性问题，因为它们将整个对象或场景的异构面功能编码为单个潜在载体。为了克服这种限制，一些方法在粗略普通的3D网格或3D补丁上推断潜伏向量，并将它们插入以应对占用查询。在这样做时，它们可以与对象表面上采样的输入点进行直接连接，并且它们在空间中均匀地附加信息，而不是其最重要的信息，即在表面附近。此外，依赖于固定的补丁大小可能需要离散化调整。要解决这些问题，我们建议使用点云卷积并计算每个输入点的潜伏向量。然后，我们使用推断的权重在最近的邻居上执行基于学习的插值。对象和场景数据集的实验表明，我们的方法在大多数古典指标上显着优于其他方法，产生更精细的细节和更好的重建更薄的卷。代码可在https://github.com/valeoai/poco获得。

近年来，由于其表达力和灵活性，神经隐式表示在3D重建中获得了普及。然而，神经隐式表示的隐式性质导致缓慢的推理时间并且需要仔细初始化。在本文中，我们重新审视经典且无处不在的点云表示，并使用泊松表面重建（PSR）的可分辨率配方引入可分化的点对网格层，其允许给予定向的GPU加速的指示灯的快速解决方案点云。可微分的PSR层允许我们通过隐式指示器字段有效地和分散地桥接与3D网格的显式3D点表示，从而实现诸如倒角距离的表面重建度量的端到端优化。因此，点和网格之间的这种二元性允许我们以面向点云表示形状，这是显式，轻量级和富有表现力的。与神经内隐式表示相比，我们的形状 - 点（SAP）模型更具可解释，轻量级，并通过一个级别加速推理时间。与其他显式表示相比，如点，补丁和网格，SA​​P产生拓扑无关的水密歧管表面。我们展示了SAP对无知点云和基于学习的重建的表面重建任务的有效性。

Training parts from ShapeNet. (b) t-SNE plot of part embeddings. (c) Reconstructing entire scenes with Local Implicit Grids Figure 1:We learn an embedding of parts from objects in ShapeNet [3] using a part autoencoder with an implicit decoder. We show that this representation of parts is generalizable across object categories, and easily scalable to large scenes. By localizing implicit functions in a grid, we are able to reconstruct entire scenes from points via optimization of the latent grid.

Deep learning based 3D reconstruction techniques have recently achieved impressive results. However, while stateof-the-art methods are able to output complex 3D geometry, it is not clear how to extend these results to time-varying topologies. Approaches treating each time step individually lack continuity and exhibit slow inference, while traditional 4D reconstruction methods often utilize a template model or discretize the 4D space at fixed resolution. In this work, we present Occupancy Flow, a novel spatio-temporal representation of time-varying 3D geometry with implicit correspondences. Towards this goal, we learn a temporally and spatially continuous vector field which assigns a motion vector to every point in space and time. In order to perform dense 4D reconstruction from images or sparse point clouds, we combine our method with a continuous 3D representation. Implicitly, our model yields correspondences over time, thus enabling fast inference while providing a sound physical description of the temporal dynamics. We show that our method can be used for interpolation and reconstruction tasks, and demonstrate the accuracy of the learned correspondences. We believe that Occupancy Flow is a promising new 4D representation which will be useful for a variety of spatio-temporal reconstruction tasks.

场景完成是从场景的部分扫描中完成缺失几何形状的任务。大多数以前的方法使用3D网格上的截断签名距离函数（T-SDF）计算出隐式表示，作为神经网络的输入。截断限制，但不会删除由非关闭表面符号引入的模棱两可的案例。作为替代方案，我们提出了一个未签名的距离函数（UDF），称为未签名的加权欧几里得距离（UWED）作为场景完成神经网络的输入表示。 UWED作为几何表示是简单而有效的，并且可以在任何点云上计算，而与通常的签名距离函数（SDF）相比，UWED不需要正常的计算。为了获得明确的几何形状，我们提出了一种从常规网格上离散的UDF值提取点云的方法。我们比较了从RGB-D和LIDAR传感器收集的室内和室外点云上的场景完成任务的不同SDF和UDFS，并使用建议的UWED功能显示了改进的完成。

We present a learnt system for multi-view stereopsis. In contrast to recent learning based methods for 3D reconstruction, we leverage the underlying 3D geometry of the problem through feature projection and unprojection along viewing rays. By formulating these operations in a differentiable manner, we are able to learn the system end-to-end for the task of metric 3D reconstruction. End-to-end learning allows us to jointly reason about shape priors while conforming to geometric constraints, enabling reconstruction from much fewer images (even a single image) than required by classical approaches as well as completion of unseen surfaces. We thoroughly evaluate our approach on the ShapeNet dataset and demonstrate the benefits over classical approaches and recent learning based methods.

We present an approach to semantic scene analysis using deep convolutional networks. Our approach is based on tangent convolutions -a new construction for convolutional networks on 3D data. In contrast to volumetric approaches, our method operates directly on surface geometry. Crucially, the construction is applicable to unstructured point clouds and other noisy real-world data. We show that tangent convolutions can be evaluated efficiently on large-scale point clouds with millions of points. Using tangent convolutions, we design a deep fully-convolutional network for semantic segmentation of 3D point clouds, and apply it to challenging real-world datasets of indoor and outdoor 3D environments. Experimental results show that the presented approach outperforms other recent deep network constructions in detailed analysis of large 3D scenes.

最近对隐含形状表示的兴趣日益增长。与明确的陈述相反，他们没有解决局限性，他们很容易处理各种各样的表面拓扑。为了了解这些隐式表示，电流方法依赖于一定程度的形状监督（例如，内部/外部信息或距离形状知识），或者至少需要密集点云（以近似距离 - 到 - 到 - 形状）。相比之下，我们介绍{\方法}，一种用于学习形状表示的自我监督方法，从可能极其稀疏的点云。就像在水牛的针问题一样，我们在点云上“掉落”（样本）针头，认为，静统计地靠近表面，针端点位于表面的相对侧。不需要形状知识，点云可以高稀疏，例如，作为车辆获取的Lidar点云。以前的自我监督形状表示方法未能在这种数据上产生良好的结果。我们获得定量结果与现有的形状重建数据集上现有的监督方法标准，并在Kitti等硬自动驾驶数据集中显示有前途的定性结果。

我们引入了统一的单一和多视图神经隐式3D重建框架VPFusion。 VPFusion使用-3D功能卷获得高质量的重建，以捕获3D结构感知的上下文和像素对齐的图像特征，以捕获精细的本地细节。现有方法使用RNN，功能池或注意力在每个视图中独立计算以进行多视图融合。 RNN遭受长期记忆丧失和置换差异的困扰，而特征池或独立计算的注意力会导致每种视图中的表示形式在最后的合并步骤之前都不知道其他视图。相比之下，我们通过建立基于变压器的成对视图关联来显示改进的多视图融合。特别是，我们提出了一种新颖的交错3D推理和成对视图的关联结构，以跨不同视图的特征体积融合。使用此结构感知和多视图感知功能量，与现有方法相比，我们显示出改进的3D重建性能。 VPFusion还通过合并与像素一致的本地图像功能来进一步提高重建质量，以捕获细节。我们验证了VPFusion在Shapenet和ModelNet数据集上的有效性，在该数据集中，我们在该数据集中胜过或执行最先进的单个和多视图3D形状重建方法。

从单个2D图像推断3D位置和多个对象的形状是计算机视觉的长期目标。大多数现有的作品都预测这些3D属性之一或专注于解决单个对象。一个基本挑战在于如何学习适合3D检测和重建的图像的有效表示。在这项工作中，我们建议从输入图像中学习3D体素特征的常规网格，其通过3D特征升降操作员与3D场景空间对齐。基于3D体素特征，我们的新型中心-3D检测头在3D空间中配制了3D检测作为关键点检测。此外，我们设计了一种高效的粗致细重建模块，包括粗级体轴和新的本地PCA-SDF形状表示，其能够精细的细节重建和比现有方法更快地推理的阶数。通过3D检测和重建的互补监督，可以使3D体素特征成为几何和上下文保留，从而通过单个对象中的3D检测和重建来证明我们的方法的有效性和多个对象场景。

Point clouds are characterized by irregularity and unstructuredness, which pose challenges in efficient data exploitation and discriminative feature extraction. In this paper, we present an unsupervised deep neural architecture called Flattening-Net to represent irregular 3D point clouds of arbitrary geometry and topology as a completely regular 2D point geometry image (PGI) structure, in which coordinates of spatial points are captured in colors of image pixels. \mr{Intuitively, Flattening-Net implicitly approximates a locally smooth 3D-to-2D surface flattening process while effectively preserving neighborhood consistency.} \mr{As a generic representation modality, PGI inherently encodes the intrinsic property of the underlying manifold structure and facilitates surface-style point feature aggregation.} To demonstrate its potential, we construct a unified learning framework directly operating on PGIs to achieve \mr{diverse types of high-level and low-level} downstream applications driven by specific task networks, including classification, segmentation, reconstruction, and upsampling. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our methods perform favorably against the current state-of-the-art competitors. We will make the code and data publicly available at https://github.com/keeganhk/Flattening-Net.

Recent advances in image-based 3D human shape estimation have been driven by the significant improvement in representation power afforded by deep neural networks. Although current approaches have demonstrated the potential in real world settings, they still fail to produce reconstructions with the level of detail often present in the input images. We argue that this limitation stems primarily form two conflicting requirements; accurate predictions require large context, but precise predictions require high resolution. Due to memory limitations in current hardware, previous approaches tend to take low resolution images as input to cover large spatial context, and produce less precise (or low resolution) 3D estimates as a result. We address this limitation by formulating a multi-level architecture that is end-to-end trainable. A coarse level observes the whole image at lower resolution and focuses on holistic reasoning. This provides context to an fine level which estimates highly detailed geometry by observing higher-resolution images. We demonstrate that our approach significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art techniques on single image human shape reconstruction by fully leveraging 1k-resolution input images.

从单视图重建3D形状是一个长期的研究问题。在本文中，我们展示了深度隐式地面网络，其可以通过预测底层符号距离场来从2D图像产生高质量的细节的3D网格。除了利用全局图像特征之外，禁止2D图像上的每个3D点的投影位置，并从图像特征映射中提取本地特征。结合全球和局部特征显着提高了符合距离场预测的准确性，特别是对于富含细节的区域。据我们所知，伪装是一种不断捕获从单视图图像中存在于3D形状中存在的孔和薄结构等细节的方法。 Disn在从合成和真实图像重建的各种形状类别上实现最先进的单视性重建性能。代码可在https://github.com/xharlie/disn提供补充可以在https://xharlie.github.io/images/neUrips_2019_Supp.pdf中找到补充

我们呈现神经内核字段：一种基于学习内核回归重建隐式3D形状的新方法。我们的技术在重建3D对象和稀疏导向点的大型场景时，我们的技术实现了最先进的结果，并且可以在训练组外重建形状类别，几乎没有准确度。我们的方法的核心介绍是，当所选内核具有适当的感应偏压时，内核方法对于重建形状非常有效。因此，我们将形状重建问题分为两部分：（1）骨干神经网络从数据中学习内核参数，（2）通过求解一个简单的正面的正定方法，该骨架ridge回归拟合输入点。使用学习内核的线性系统。由于这种分解，我们的重建在稀疏点密度下获得了数据驱动方法的益处，同时保持了与地面真理形状收敛的插值行为，因为输入采样密度增加。我们的实验表明了在列车集类别之外的对象和扫描场景的强大概括能力。源代码和预磨料模型可在https://nv-tlabs.github.io/nkf上获得。

Intelligent mesh generation (IMG) refers to a technique to generate mesh by machine learning, which is a relatively new and promising research field. Within its short life span, IMG has greatly expanded the generalizability and practicality of mesh generation techniques and brought many breakthroughs and potential possibilities for mesh generation. However, there is a lack of surveys focusing on IMG methods covering recent works. In this paper, we are committed to a systematic and comprehensive survey describing the contemporary IMG landscape. Focusing on 110 preliminary IMG methods, we conducted an in-depth analysis and evaluation from multiple perspectives, including the core technique and application scope of the algorithm, agent learning goals, data types, targeting challenges, advantages and limitations. With the aim of literature collection and classification based on content extraction, we propose three different taxonomies from three views of key technique, output mesh unit element, and applicable input data types. Finally, we highlight some promising future research directions and challenges in IMG. To maximize the convenience of readers, a project page of IMG is provided at \url{https://github.com/xzb030/IMG_Survey}.