Feature selection helps reduce data acquisition costs in ML, but the standard approach is to train models with static feature subsets. Here, we consider the dynamic feature selection (DFS) problem where a model sequentially queries features based on the presently available information. DFS is often addressed with reinforcement learning (RL), but we explore a simpler approach of greedily selecting features based on their conditional mutual information. This method is theoretically appealing but requires oracle access to the data distribution, so we develop a learning approach based on amortized optimization. The proposed method is shown to recover the greedy policy when trained to optimality and outperforms numerous existing feature selection methods in our experiments, thus validating it as a simple but powerful approach for this problem.

基于Shapley值的功能归因在解释机器学习模型中很受欢迎。但是，从理论和计算的角度来看，它们的估计是复杂的。我们将这种复杂性分解为两个因素：（1）〜删除特征信息的方法，以及（2）〜可拖动估计策略。这两个因素提供了一种天然镜头，我们可以更好地理解和比较24种不同的算法。基于各种特征删除方法，我们描述了多种类型的Shapley值特征属性和计算每个类型的方法。然后，基于可进行的估计策略，我们表征了两个不同的方法家族：模型 - 不合时宜的和模型特定的近似值。对于模型 - 不合稳定的近似值，我们基准了广泛的估计方法，并将其与Shapley值的替代性但等效的特征联系起来。对于特定于模型的近似值，我们阐明了对每种方法的线性，树和深模型的障碍至关重要的假设。最后，我们确定了文献中的差距以及有希望的未来研究方向。

变形金刚已成为计算机视觉中的默认架构，但是了解驱动其预测的原因仍然是一个具有挑战性的问题。当前的解释方法依赖于注意值或输入梯度，但是这些方法对模型的依赖性有限。Shapley值在理论上提供了一种替代方案，但是它们的计算成本使它们对于大型高维模型不切实际。在这项工作中，我们旨在使Shapley价值观对视觉变压器（VIT）实用。为此，我们首先利用一种注意力掩盖方法来评估VIT的部分信息，然后我们开发了一种通过单独的，学习的解释器模型来生成Shapley价值解释的程序。我们的实验将沙普利值与许多基线方法（例如，注意推出，Gradcam，LRP）进行了比较，我们发现我们的方法提供了比任何现有的VIT方法更准确的解释。

通过机器学习学习个性化的癌症治疗，可以提高癌症患者生存的机会。尽管机器学习和精确肿瘤学的最新进展，但这种方法仍然具有挑战性，因为在临床前/临床研究中收集数据以建模多种治疗效率通常是一个昂贵的，耗时的过程。此外，由于某些参与者/样本在试验期间未接受最合适的治疗方法，因此治疗分配的随机分配被证明是次优的。为了应对这一挑战，我们将药物筛查研究作为“上下文匪徒”问题，其中算法根据有关癌细胞系的上下文信息选择抗癌治疗剂，同时调整其治疗策略以最大程度地以“在线”方式以最大化治疗反应。我们建议使用一种新型的深贝叶斯土匪框架，该框架在近似后验之前使用功能，以基于由基因组特征和药物结构组成的多模式信息进行药物反应预测。我们对三个大规模的体外药物基因组学数据集进行了经验评估我们的方法，并表明我们的方法在识别给定细胞系的最佳处理方面优于几个基准。

研究人员提出了多种模型解释方法，但目前尚不清楚大多数方法如何相关或何时一种方法比另一种方法更可取。我们研究了文献，发现许多方法都是基于通过删除来解释的共同原理 - 本质上是测量从模型中删除一组特征的影响。这些方法在几个方面有所不同，因此我们为基于删除的解释开发了一个沿三个维度表征每个方法的框架：1）该方法如何删除特征，2）该方法解释的模型行为以及3）方法如何汇总每个方法功能的影响。我们的框架统一了26种现有方法，其中包括几种最广泛使用的方法（Shap，Lime，有意义的扰动，排列测试）。揭露这些方法之间的基本相似性使用户能够推荐使用哪种工具，并为正在进行的模型解释性研究提出了有希望的方向。

Understanding why a model makes a certain prediction can be as crucial as the prediction's accuracy in many applications. However, the highest accuracy for large modern datasets is often achieved by complex models that even experts struggle to interpret, such as ensemble or deep learning models, creating a tension between accuracy and interpretability. In response, various methods have recently been proposed to help users interpret the predictions of complex models, but it is often unclear how these methods are related and when one method is preferable over another. To address this problem, we present a unified framework for interpreting predictions, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations). SHAP assigns each feature an importance value for a particular prediction. Its novel components include: (1) the identification of a new class of additive feature importance measures, and (2) theoretical results showing there is a unique solution in this class with a set of desirable properties. The new class unifies six existing methods, notable because several recent methods in the class lack the proposed desirable properties. Based on insights from this unification, we present new methods that show improved computational performance and/or better consistency with human intuition than previous approaches.

The 3D-aware image synthesis focuses on conserving spatial consistency besides generating high-resolution images with fine details. Recently, Neural Radiance Field (NeRF) has been introduced for synthesizing novel views with low computational cost and superior performance. While several works investigate a generative NeRF and show remarkable achievement, they cannot handle conditional and continuous feature manipulation in the generation procedure. In this work, we introduce a novel model, called Class-Continuous Conditional Generative NeRF ($\text{C}^{3}$G-NeRF), which can synthesize conditionally manipulated photorealistic 3D-consistent images by projecting conditional features to the generator and the discriminator. The proposed $\text{C}^{3}$G-NeRF is evaluated with three image datasets, AFHQ, CelebA, and Cars. As a result, our model shows strong 3D-consistency with fine details and smooth interpolation in conditional feature manipulation. For instance, $\text{C}^{3}$G-NeRF exhibits a Fr\'echet Inception Distance (FID) of 7.64 in 3D-aware face image synthesis with a $\text{128}^{2}$ resolution. Additionally, we provide FIDs of generated 3D-aware images of each class of the datasets as it is possible to synthesize class-conditional images with $\text{C}^{3}$G-NeRF.

Cellular automata (CA) captivate researchers due to teh emergent, complex individualized behavior that simple global rules of interaction enact. Recent advances in the field have combined CA with convolutional neural networks to achieve self-regenerating images. This new branch of CA is called neural cellular automata [1]. The goal of this project is to use the idea of idea of neural cellular automata to grow prediction machines. We place many different convolutional neural networks in a grid. Each conv net cell outputs a prediction of what the next state will be, and minimizes predictive error. Cells received their neighbors' colors and fitnesses as input. Each cell's fitness score described how accurate its predictions were. Cells could also move to explore their environment and some stochasticity was applied to movement.

There is a dramatic shortage of skilled labor for modern vineyards. The Vinum project is developing a mobile robotic solution to autonomously navigate through vineyards for winter grapevine pruning. This necessitates an autonomous navigation stack for the robot pruning a vineyard. The Vinum project is using the quadruped robot HyQReal. This paper introduces an architecture for a quadruped robot to autonomously move through a vineyard by identifying and approaching grapevines for pruning. The higher level control is a state machine switching between searching for destination positions, autonomously navigating towards those locations, and stopping for the robot to complete a task. The destination points are determined by identifying grapevine trunks using instance segmentation from a Mask Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network (Mask-RCNN). These detections are sent through a filter to avoid redundancy and remove noisy detections. The combination of these features is the basis for the proposed architecture.

In this paper, we learn a diffusion model to generate 3D data on a scene-scale. Specifically, our model crafts a 3D scene consisting of multiple objects, while recent diffusion research has focused on a single object. To realize our goal, we represent a scene with discrete class labels, i.e., categorical distribution, to assign multiple objects into semantic categories. Thus, we extend discrete diffusion models to learn scene-scale categorical distributions. In addition, we validate that a latent diffusion model can reduce computation costs for training and deploying. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to apply discrete and latent diffusion for 3D categorical data on a scene-scale. We further propose to perform semantic scene completion (SSC) by learning a conditional distribution using our diffusion model, where the condition is a partial observation in a sparse point cloud. In experiments, we empirically show that our diffusion models not only generate reasonable scenes, but also perform the scene completion task better than a discriminative model. Our code and models are available at https://github.com/zoomin-lee/scene-scale-diffusion