通过数据饥饿的计算方法（如机器学习）的成功驱动，原始数据大小正在增长和增强。专有和鞋锤数据格式的优势使得计算较慢，使其更加难以重现研究和对新平台的端口方法。在这里，我们介绍了RAWARRAY格式：用于磁盘上的多维数字数组的存档存储的简单，快速，可扩展格式。RAWARRAY文件格式是标题阵列和数据数组的简单连接。标题包括七个或更多个64位无符号整数。阵列数据可以是任何东西。如果需要，可以将任意用户元数据附加到RAWARRAY文件，例如存储测量细节，颜色调色板或地理定位数据。我们呈现了一系列阵列大小的HDF5的2-3 $ \ Times $ Speedup的基准测试，以及读取共同的深度学习数据集Mnist和Cifar10的阵列大小和高达20美元的加速。

Array programming provides a powerful, compact, expressive syntax for accessing, manipulating, and operating on data in vectors, matrices, and higher-dimensional arrays [1]. NumPy is the primary array programming library for the Python language [2,3,4,5]. It plays an essential role in research analysis pipelines in fields as diverse as physics, chemistry, astronomy, geoscience, biology, psychology, material science, engineering, finance, and economics. For example, in astronomy, NumPy was an important part of the software stack used in the discovery of gravitational waves [6] and the first imaging of a black hole [7].Here we show how a few fundamental array concepts lead to a simple and powerful programming paradigm for organizing, exploring, and analyzing scientific data. NumPy is the foundation upon which the entire scientific Python universe is constructed. It is so pervasive that several projects, targeting audiences with specialized needs, have developed their own NumPy-like interfaces and array objects. Because of its central position in the ecosystem, NumPy increasingly plays the role of an interoperability layer between these new array computation libraries.

传统的数据湖泊通过启用时间旅行，运行SQL查询，使用酸性交易摄入数据以及可视化PBABYTE尺度数据集在云存储中，为分析工作负载提供了关键的数据基础架构。它们使组织能够分解数据孤岛，解锁数据驱动的决策，提高运营效率并降低成本。但是，随着深度学习接管常见的分析工作流程，传统数据湖泊对诸如自然语言处理（NLP），音频处理，计算机视觉和涉及非尾巴数据集的应用程序的有用程度降低。本文介绍了Deep Lake，这是一个开源湖泊，用于在Activeloop开发的深度学习应用程序。 Deep Lake保持了一项关键区别的香草数据湖的好处：它以张量的形式存储复杂数据，例如图像，视频，注释以及表格数据，并将数据迅速流式传输到网络上（a ）张量查询语言，（b）浏览器可视化引擎或（c）不牺牲GPU利用率的深度学习框架。可以从Pytorch，Tensorflow，Jax，与许多MLOPS工具集成在一起的数据集。

Bridging cultures that have often been distant, Julia combines expertise from the diverse fields of computer science and computational science to create a new approach to numerical computing. Julia is designed to be easy and fast. Julia questions notions generally held as "laws of nature" by practitioners of numerical computing:1. High-level dynamic programs have to be slow, 2. One must prototype in one language and then rewrite in another language for speed or deployment, and 3. There are parts of a system for the programmer, and other parts best left untouched as they are built by the experts.We introduce the Julia programming language and its design -a dance between specialization and abstraction. Specialization allows for custom treatment. Multiple dispatch, a technique from computer science, picks the right algorithm for the right circumstance. Abstraction, what good computation is really about, recognizes what remains the same after differences are stripped away. Abstractions in mathematics are captured as code through another technique from computer science, generic programming.Julia shows that one can have machine performance without sacrificing human convenience.

一般矩阵乘法或GEMM内核在高性能计算和机器学习中占据中心位置。最近的NVIDIA GPU包括Gemm加速器，如Nvidia的张量核心。他们的剥削受到双语言问题的阻碍：它需要低级编程，这意味着低程序员的工作效率或使用只提供有限组件集的库。由于建立的组件方面的REPRASING算法经常引入开销，因此图书馆缺乏灵活性限制了探索新算法的自由。因此，使用GEMMS的研究人员无法立即享受编程生产力，高性能和研究灵活性。在本文中，我们解决了这个问题。我们在科学朱莉娅编程语言中展示了三组抽象和接口来编程宝石。界面和抽象共同设计用于研究人员的需求和朱莉娅的特征，以实现足够的担忧和灵活性的充分分离，以便在不支付性能价格的情况下轻松地扩展基本宝石。将我们的Gemms与最先进的图书馆Cublas和Cutlass进行比较，我们证明我们的性能在图书馆的相同球场中，并且在某些情况下甚至超过它，而无需在CUDA C ++中编写单行代码或者组装，而不面临灵活限制。

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are currently widely used for many artificial intelligence (AI) applications including computer vision, speech recognition, and robotics. While DNNs deliver state-of-the-art accuracy on many AI tasks, it comes at the cost of high computational complexity. Accordingly, techniques that enable efficient processing of DNNs to improve energy efficiency and throughput without sacrificing application accuracy or increasing hardware cost are critical to the wide deployment of DNNs in AI systems.This article aims to provide a comprehensive tutorial and survey about the recent advances towards the goal of enabling efficient processing of DNNs. Specifically, it will provide an overview of DNNs, discuss various hardware platforms and architectures that support DNNs, and highlight key trends in reducing the computation cost of DNNs either solely via hardware design changes or via joint hardware design and DNN algorithm changes. It will also summarize various development resources that enable researchers and practitioners to quickly get started in this field, and highlight important benchmarking metrics and design considerations that should be used for evaluating the rapidly growing number of DNN hardware designs, optionally including algorithmic co-designs, being proposed in academia and industry.The reader will take away the following concepts from this article: understand the key design considerations for DNNs; be able to evaluate different DNN hardware implementations with benchmarks and comparison metrics; understand the trade-offs between various hardware architectures and platforms; be able to evaluate the utility of various DNN design techniques for efficient processing; and understand recent implementation trends and opportunities.

Alphazero，Leela Chess Zero和Stockfish Nnue革新了计算机国际象棋。本书对此类引擎的技术内部工作进行了完整的介绍。该书分为四个主要章节 - 不包括第1章（简介）和第6章（结论）：第2章引入神经网络，涵盖了所有用于构建深层网络的基本构建块，例如Alphazero使用的网络。内容包括感知器，后传播和梯度下降，分类，回归，多层感知器，矢量化技术，卷积网络，挤压网络，挤压和激发网络，完全连接的网络，批处理归一化和横向归一化和跨性线性单位，残留层，剩余层，过度效果和底漆。第3章介绍了用于国际象棋发动机以及Alphazero使用的经典搜索技术。内容包括minimax，alpha-beta搜索和蒙特卡洛树搜索。第4章展示了现代国际象棋发动机的设计。除了开创性的Alphago，Alphago Zero和Alphazero我们涵盖Leela Chess Zero，Fat Fritz，Fat Fritz 2以及有效更新的神经网络（NNUE）以及MAIA。第5章是关于实施微型α。 Shexapawn是国际象棋的简约版本，被用作为此的示例。 Minimax搜索可以解决六ap峰，并产生了监督学习的培训位置。然后，作为比较，实施了类似Alphazero的训练回路，其中通过自我游戏进行训练与强化学习结合在一起。最后，比较了类似α的培训和监督培训。

我们介绍了AIDA的设计和首次概念验证实现，AIDA是一种自主智能开发人员，从头开始开发软件。AIDA采用软件需求规范，并在语义知识图上使用推理来解释需求，然后设计和写入软件以满足它们。AIDA在数据，算法和代码的核心领域中同时使用声明性和程序知识，以及一些常识。推理代码库使用这些知识来识别所需的组件，然后设计并构建成为软件的必要信息结构。这些结构，激励要求以及由此产生的源代码本身都是添加到知识图中的所有新知识，可以用于将来的推理。这样，Aida在编写代码时也学习，并在编写后续代码时变得更加有效。

The International Workshop on Reading Music Systems (WoRMS) is a workshop that tries to connect researchers who develop systems for reading music, such as in the field of Optical Music Recognition, with other researchers and practitioners that could benefit from such systems, like librarians or musicologists. The relevant topics of interest for the workshop include, but are not limited to: Music reading systems; Optical music recognition; Datasets and performance evaluation; Image processing on music scores; Writer identification; Authoring, editing, storing and presentation systems for music scores; Multi-modal systems; Novel input-methods for music to produce written music; Web-based Music Information Retrieval services; Applications and projects; Use-cases related to written music. These are the proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Reading Music Systems, held in Delft on the 2nd of November 2019.

熵编码是骨干数据压缩。新的机器学习基于的压缩方法通常使用名为非对称数字系统（ANS）的新的熵编码器[Duda等人，2015]，它提供非常接近最佳比特率并简化[Townsend等，2019]高级压缩技术作为位编码。然而，在机器学习中的研究人员往往很难了解ANS的工作原理，这可以防止它们利用其完全多功能性。本文作为教育资源，通过从潜在变量模型和所谓的位诀窍的新视角呈现它，使其更加接近。我们将读者逐步引导到Python编程语言中的完整实现，然后我们将概括为更高级的用例。我们还展示并经验评估了为研究和生产而设计的各种熵编码器的开源库。相关教学视频和问题集可在线获取。

Question-and-answer formats provide a novel experimental platform for investigating cybersecurity questions. Unlike previous chatbots, the latest ChatGPT model from OpenAI supports an advanced understanding of complex coding questions. The research demonstrates thirteen coding tasks that generally qualify as stages in the MITRE ATT&CK framework, ranging from credential access to defense evasion. With varying success, the experimental prompts generate examples of keyloggers, logic bombs, obfuscated worms, and payment-fulfilled ransomware. The empirical results illustrate cases that support the broad gain of functionality, including self-replication and self-modification, evasion, and strategic understanding of complex cybersecurity goals. One surprising feature of ChatGPT as a language-only model centers on its ability to spawn coding approaches that yield images that obfuscate or embed executable programming steps or links.

科学机器学习的进步改善了现代计算科学和工程应用。数据驱动的方法（例如动态模式分解（DMD））可以从动态系统生成的时空数据中提取相干结构，并推断上述系统的不同方案。时空数据作为快照，每次瞬间包含空间信息。在现代工程应用中，高维快照的产生可能是时间和/或资源要求。在本研究中，我们考虑了在大型数值模拟中增强DMD工作流程的两种策略：（i）快照压缩以减轻磁盘压力； （ii）使用原位可视化图像在运行时重建动力学（或部分）。我们通过两个3D流体动力学模拟评估我们的方法，并考虑DMD重建解决方案。结果表明，快照压缩大大减少了所需的磁盘空间。我们已经观察到，损耗的压缩将存储降低了几乎$ 50 \％$，而信号重建和其他关注数量的相对错误则较低。我们还使用原位可视化工具将分析扩展到了直接生成的数据，在运行时生成状态向量的图像文件。在大型模拟中，快照的产生可能足够慢，可以使用批处理算法进行推理。流DMD利用增量SVD算法，并随着每个新快照的到来更新模式。我们使用流式DMD来重建原位生成的图像的动力学。我们证明此过程是有效的，并且重建的动力学是准确的。

Machine Learning for Source Code (ML4Code) is an active research field in which extensive experimentation is needed to discover how to best use source code's richly structured information. With this in mind, we introduce JEMMA, an Extensible Java Dataset for ML4Code Applications, which is a large-scale, diverse, and high-quality dataset targeted at ML4Code. Our goal with JEMMA is to lower the barrier to entry in ML4Code by providing the building blocks to experiment with source code models and tasks. JEMMA comes with a considerable amount of pre-processed information such as metadata, representations (e.g., code tokens, ASTs, graphs), and several properties (e.g., metrics, static analysis results) for 50,000 Java projects from the 50KC dataset, with over 1.2 million classes and over 8 million methods. JEMMA is also extensible allowing users to add new properties and representations to the dataset, and evaluate tasks on them. Thus, JEMMA becomes a workbench that researchers can use to experiment with novel representations and tasks operating on source code. To demonstrate the utility of the dataset, we also report results from two empirical studies on our data, ultimately showing that significant work lies ahead in the design of context-aware source code models that can reason over a broader network of source code entities in a software project, the very task that JEMMA is designed to help with.

在设计基于AI的系统中，有蓬勃发展的兴趣，以帮助人类设计计算系统，包括自动生成计算机代码的工具。这些最值得注意的是，以第一个自我描述的“Ai对程序员”，GitHub Copilot，一种在开源GitHub代码上培训的语言模型。但是，代码通常包含错误 - 因此，鉴于Copilot处理的大量未曝避代码，肯定是语言模型将从可利用的错误代码中学到。这提出了对Copilot代码捐助的安全的担忧。在这项工作中，我们系统地调查了可能导致Github CopIlot推荐不安全代码的普遍存在和条件。为了执行此分析，我们提示CopIlot在与高风险CWE相关的方案中生成代码（例如，从吉利的“前25名”列表中的方案）。我们探索了三个不同代码生成轴上的Copilot的表现 - 检查它如何表现为特定的弱点多样性，提示的多样性以及域的多样性。总共生产89个不同的Copilot方案，以完成，生产1,689个计划。其中，我们发现大约40％的脆弱。

近年来，基于变压器的模型已导致自然语言处理的语言建模取得重大进步。但是，他们需要大量的数据接受（预先）训练，并且除英语以外的语言中缺乏语料库。最近，一些计划提出了从自动网络爬行获得的多语言数据集。但是，西班牙语的结果具有重要的缺点，因为与其他语言相比，它们要么太小，要么呈现出较低的质量，从而获得了次优的清洁和重复数据删除。在本文中，我们介绍了Escorpius，这是一种西班牙爬行语料库，该语料库是从附近的1 pb普通爬网数据中获得的。它是西班牙语中最广泛的语料库，其提取，纯化和重复数据删除的质量水平。我们的数据策划过程涉及一条新型的高度平行清洁管道，并包含一系列重复数据删除机制，以确保文档和段落边界的完整性。此外，我们同时维护源网页URL和WARC Shard Origin URL，以抱怨欧盟法规。 Escorpius已根据CC BY-NC-ND 4.0许可发布，可在HuggingFace上获得。

This paper presents the OPUS ecosystem with a focus on the development of open machine translation models and tools, and their integration into end-user applications, development platforms and professional workflows. We discuss our on-going mission of increasing language coverage and translation quality, and also describe on-going work on the development of modular translation models and speed-optimized compact solutions for real-time translation on regular desktops and small devices.

保留保护解决方案使公司能够在履行政府法规的同时将机密数据卸载到第三方服务。为了实现这一点，它们利用了各种密码技术，例如同性恋加密（HE），其允许对加密数据执行计算。大多数他计划以SIMD方式工作，数据包装方法可以显着影响运行时间和内存成本。找到导致最佳性能实现的包装方法是一个艰难的任务。我们提出了一种简单而直观的框架，摘要为用户提供包装决定。我们解释其底层数据结构和优化器，并提出了一种用于执行2D卷积操作的新算法。我们使用此框架来实现他友好的AlexNet版本，在三分钟内运行，比其他最先进的解决方案更快的数量级，只能使用他。

In this work, we identify elements of effective machine learning datasets in astronomy and present suggestions for their design and creation. Machine learning has become an increasingly important tool for analyzing and understanding the large-scale flood of data in astronomy. To take advantage of these tools, datasets are required for training and testing. However, building machine learning datasets for astronomy can be challenging. Astronomical data is collected from instruments built to explore science questions in a traditional fashion rather than to conduct machine learning. Thus, it is often the case that raw data, or even downstream processed data is not in a form amenable to machine learning. We explore the construction of machine learning datasets and we ask: what elements define effective machine learning datasets? We define effective machine learning datasets in astronomy to be formed with well-defined data points, structure, and metadata. We discuss why these elements are important for astronomical applications and ways to put them in practice. We posit that these qualities not only make the data suitable for machine learning, they also help to foster usable, reusable, and replicable science practices.

系统发育比较方法在我们的领域是新的，并且对于大多数语言学家来说，至少有一点谜团。然而，导致他们在比较生物学中发现的道路与平衡抽样的方法论历史如此类似，这只是一个历史的事故，即他们没有被典型的专家发现。在这里，我们澄清了系统发育比较方法背后的基本逻辑及其对重点采样的深刻智力传统的基本相关性。然后我们介绍将在日常类型的研究中使用类型的概念，方法和工具，使类型学家能够在日常类型的研究中使用这些方法。系统发育比较方法和平衡采样的关键共性是他们试图因系谱而应对统计非独立性。虽然采样永远不会实现独立性，但需要大多数比较数据被丢弃，系统发育比较方法在保留和使用所有数据的同时实现独立性。我们讨论了系统发育信号的基本概念;关于树木的不确定性;典型的类型学平均值和比例对族谱敏感;跨语言家庭的比较;和体现的影响。广泛的补充材料说明了实际分析的计算工具，我们说明了与帕马尼云根腭膜对比的类型学案例研究讨论的方法。

最新的努力改善了满足当今应用程序要求的神经网络（NN）加速器的性能，这引起了基于逻辑NN推理的新趋势，该趋势依赖于固定功能组合逻辑。将如此大的布尔函数与许多输入变量和产品项绘制到现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）上的数字信号处理器（DSP）需要一个新颖的框架，考虑到此过程中DSP块的结构和可重构性。本文中提出的方法将固定功能组合逻辑块映射到一组布尔功能，其中与每个功能相对应的布尔操作映射到DSP设备，而不是FPGA上的查找表（LUTS），以利用高性能，DSP块的低潜伏期和并行性。 ％本文还提出了一种用于NNS编译和映射的创新设计和优化方法，并利用固定功能组合逻辑与DSP进行了使用高级合成流的FPGA上的DSP。 ％我们在几个\ revone {DataSets}上进行的实验评估和选定的NNS与使用DSP的基于ART FPGA的NN加速器相比，根据推理潜伏期和输出准确性，证明了我们框架的可比性。