建立针对双狭窄的动脉模型的计算流体动力学（CFD）的患者特异性有限元分析（FEA）模型涉及时间和努力，限制医生在时间关键时间医疗应用中快速响应的能力。这些问题可能通过培训深度学习（DL）模型来解决，以使用由具有不同配置的简化双韵动脉模型的CFD模拟产生的数据集来学习和预测血流特性。当通过从IVUS成像的实际双狭窄的动脉模型进行血液流动模式时，揭示了狭窄的颈部几何形状的正弦逼近，这些颈部几何形状被广泛用于先前的研究作品，未能有效地代表真实的效果收缩。结果，提出了一种收缩颈的新型几何表示，其就广义简化模型而言，这始终是前者的假设。动脉腔直径和流量参数的顺序变化沿着船长的长度呈现使用LSTM和GRU DL模型的机会。然而，对于短长度的倍增血液动脉的小数据集，基本神经网络模型优于大多数流动性质的专用RNN。另一方面，LSTM对预测具有大波动的流动性能更好，例如在血管的长度上变化血压。尽管在数据集中的船舶的所有属性训练和测试方面具有良好的整体准确性，但GRU模型在所有情况下为单个血管流预测的表现不佳。结果还指向任何模型中每个属性的单独优化的超级参数，而不是旨在通过单一的HyperParameters来实现所有输出的整体良好性能。

血流特征的预测对于了解血液动脉网络的行为至关重要，特别是在血管疾病（如狭窄）的存在下。计算流体动力学（CFD）提供了一种强大而有效的工具，可以确定包括网络内的压力和速度字段的这些特征。尽管该领域有许多研究，但CFD的极高计算成本导致研究人员开发新的平台，包括机器学习方法，而是以更低的成本提供更快的分析。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个深度神经网络框架，以预测冠状动脉网络中的流动行为，在存在像狭窄等异常存在下具有不同的性质。为此，使用合成数据训练人工神经网络（ANN）模型，使得它可以预测动脉网络内的压力和速度。培训神经网络所需的数据是从ABAQUS软件的特定特征的次数的CFD分析中获得了培训神经网络的数据。狭窄引起的血压下降，这是诊断心脏病诊断中最重要的因素之一，可以使用我们所提出的模型来了解冠状动脉的任何部分的几何和流动边界条件。使用Lad血管的三个实际几何形状来验证模型的效率。所提出的方法精确地预测了血流量的血流动力学行为。压力预测的平均精度为98.7％，平均速度幅度精度为93.2％。根据测试三个患者特定几何形状的模型的结果，模型可以被认为是有限元方法的替代方案以及其他难以实现的耗时数值模拟。

With the evolution of power systems as it is becoming more intelligent and interactive system while increasing in flexibility with a larger penetration of renewable energy sources, demand prediction on a short-term resolution will inevitably become more and more crucial in designing and managing the future grid, especially when it comes to an individual household level. Projecting the demand for electricity for a single energy user, as opposed to the aggregated power consumption of residential load on a wide scale, is difficult because of a considerable number of volatile and uncertain factors. This paper proposes a customized GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architecture to address this challenging problem. LSTM and GRU are comparatively newer and among the most well-adopted deep learning approaches. The electricity consumption datasets were obtained from individual household smart meters. The comparison shows that the LSTM model performs better for home-level forecasting than alternative prediction techniques-GRU in this case. To compare the NN-based models with contrast to the conventional statistical technique-based model, ARIMA based model was also developed and benchmarked with LSTM and GRU model outcomes in this study to show the performance of the proposed model on the collected time series data.

物理信息的神经网络（PINN）是神经网络（NNS），它们作为神经网络本身的组成部分编码模型方程，例如部分微分方程（PDE）。如今，PINN是用于求解PDE，分数方程，积分分化方程和随机PDE的。这种新颖的方法已成为一个多任务学习框架，在该框架中，NN必须在减少PDE残差的同时拟合观察到的数据。本文对PINNS的文献进行了全面的综述：虽然该研究的主要目标是表征这些网络及其相关的优势和缺点。该综述还试图将出版物纳入更广泛的基于搭配的物理知识的神经网络，这些神经网络构成了香草·皮恩（Vanilla Pinn）以及许多其他变体，例如物理受限的神经网络（PCNN），各种HP-VPINN，变量HP-VPINN，VPINN，VPINN，变体。和保守的Pinn（CPINN）。该研究表明，大多数研究都集中在通过不同的激活功能，梯度优化技术，神经网络结构和损耗功能结构来定制PINN。尽管使用PINN的应用范围广泛，但通过证明其在某些情况下比有限元方法（FEM）等经典数值技术更可行的能力，但仍有可能的进步，最著名的是尚未解决的理论问题。

In this paper we compare different types of recurrent units in recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Especially, we focus on more sophisticated units that implement a gating mechanism, such as a long short-term memory (LSTM) unit and a recently proposed gated recurrent unit (GRU). We evaluate these recurrent units on the tasks of polyphonic music modeling and speech signal modeling. Our experiments revealed that these advanced recurrent units are indeed better than more traditional recurrent units such as tanh units. Also, we found GRU to be comparable to LSTM.

This work presents a set of neural network (NN) models specifically designed for accurate and efficient fluid dynamics forecasting. In this work, we show how neural networks training can be improved by reducing data complexity through a modal decomposition technique called higher order dynamic mode decomposition (HODMD), which identifies the main structures inside flow dynamics and reconstructs the original flow using only these main structures. This reconstruction has the same number of samples and spatial dimension as the original flow, but with a less complex dynamics and preserving its main features. We also show the low computational cost required by the proposed NN models, both in their training and inference phases. The core idea of this work is to test the limits of applicability of deep learning models to data forecasting in complex fluid dynamics problems. Generalization capabilities of the models are demonstrated by using the same neural network architectures to forecast the future dynamics of four different multi-phase flows. Data sets used to train and test these deep learning models come from Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of these flows.

预测基金绩效对投资者和基金经理都是有益的，但这是一项艰巨的任务。在本文中，我们测试了深度学习模型是否比传统统计技术更准确地预测基金绩效。基金绩效通常通过Sharpe比率进行评估，该比例代表了风险调整的绩效，以确保基金之间有意义的可比性。我们根据每月收益率数据序列数据计算了年度夏普比率，该数据的时间序列数据为600多个投资于美国上市大型股票的开放式共同基金投资。我们发现，经过现代贝叶斯优化训练的长期短期记忆（LSTM）和封闭式复发单元（GRUS）深度学习方法比传统统计量相比，预测基金的Sharpe比率更高。结合了LSTM和GRU的预测的合奏方法，可以实现所有模型的最佳性能。有证据表明，深度学习和结合能提供有希望的解决方案，以应对基金绩效预测的挑战。

在本文中，我们为非稳定于3D流体结构交互系统提供了一种基于深度学习的阶数（DL-ROM）。所提出的DL-ROM具有非线性状态空间模型的格式，并采用具有长短期存储器（LSTM）的经常性神经网络。我们考虑一种以状态空间格式的可弹性安装的球体的规范流体结构系统，其具有不可压缩的流体流动。我们开发了一种非线性数据驱动的耦合，用于预测横向方向自由振动球的非定常力和涡旋诱导的振动（VIV）锁定。我们设计输入输出关系作为用于流体结构系统的低维逼近的力和位移数据集的时间序列。基于VIV锁定过程的先验知识，输入功能包含一系列频率和幅度，其能够实现高效的DL-ROM，而无需用于低维建模的大量训练数据集。一旦训练，网络就提供了输入 - 输出动态的非线性映射，其可以通过反馈过程预测较长地平线的耦合流体结构动态。通过将LSTM网络与Eigensystem实现算法（时代）集成，我们构造了用于减少阶稳定性分析的数据驱动状态空间模型。我们通过特征值选择过程调查VIV的潜在机制和稳定性特征。为了了解频率锁定机制，我们研究了针对降低振荡频率和质量比的范围的特征值轨迹。与全阶模拟一致，通过组合的LSTM-ERA程序精确捕获频率锁定分支。所提出的DL-ROM与涉及流体结构相互作用的物理学数字双胞胎的基于物理的数字双胞胎。

We explore relations between the hyper-parameters of a recurrent neural network (RNN) and the complexity of string sequences it is able to memorize. We compare long short-term memory (LSTM) networks and gated recurrent units (GRUs). We find that an increase of RNN depth does not necessarily result in better memorization capability when the training time is constrained. Our results also indicate that the learning rate and the number of units per layer are among the most important hyper-parameters to be tuned. Generally, GRUs outperform LSTM networks on low complexity sequences while on high complexity sequences LSTMs perform better.

自从Navier Stokes方程的推导以来，已经有可能在数值上解决现实世界的粘性流问题（计算流体动力学（CFD））。然而，尽管中央处理单元（CPU）的性能取得了迅速的进步，但模拟瞬态流量的计算成本非常小，时间/网格量表物理学仍然是不现实的。近年来，机器学习（ML）技术在整个行业中都受到了极大的关注，这一大浪潮已经传播了流体动力学界的各种兴趣。最近的ML CFD研究表明，随着数据驱动方法的训练时间和预测时间之间的间隔增加，完全抑制了误差的增加是不现实的。应用ML的实用CFD加速方法的开发是剩余的问题。因此，这项研究的目标是根据物理信息传递学习制定现实的ML策略，并使用不稳定的CFD数据集验证了该策略的准确性和加速性能。该策略可以在监视跨耦合计算框架中管理方程的残差时确定转移学习的时间。因此，我们的假设是可行的，即连续流体流动时间序列的预测是可行的，因为中间CFD模拟定期不仅减少了增加残差，还可以更新网络参数。值得注意的是，具有基于网格的网络模型的交叉耦合策略不会损害计算加速度的仿真精度。在层流逆流CFD数据集条件下，该模拟加速了1.8次，包括参数更新时间。此可行性研究使用了开源CFD软件OpenFOAM和开源ML软件TensorFlow。

Common to all different kinds of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) is the intention to model relations between data points through time. When there is no immediate relationship between subsequent data points (like when the data points are generated at random, e.g.), we show that RNNs are still able to remember a few data points back into the sequence by memorizing them by heart using standard backpropagation. However, we also show that for classical RNNs, LSTM and GRU networks the distance of data points between recurrent calls that can be reproduced this way is highly limited (compared to even a loose connection between data points) and subject to various constraints imposed by the type and size of the RNN in question. This implies the existence of a hard limit (way below the information-theoretic one) for the distance between related data points within which RNNs are still able to recognize said relation.

In a typical car-following scenario, target vehicle speed fluctuations act as an external disturbance to the host vehicle and in turn affect its energy consumption. To control a host vehicle in an energy-efficient manner using model predictive control (MPC), and moreover, enhance the performance of an ecological adaptive cruise control (EACC) strategy, forecasting the future velocities of a target vehicle is essential. For this purpose, a deep recurrent neural network-based vehicle speed prediction using long-short term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent units (GRU) is studied in this work. Besides these, the physics-based constant velocity (CV) and constant acceleration (CA) models are discussed. The sequential time series data for training (e.g. speed trajectories of the target and its preceding vehicles obtained through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, road speed limits, traffic light current and future phases collected using vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication) is gathered from both urban and highway networks created in the microscopic traffic simulator SUMO. The proposed speed prediction models are evaluated for long-term predictions (up to 10 s) of target vehicle future velocities. Moreover, the results revealed that the LSTM-based speed predictor outperformed other models in terms of achieving better prediction accuracy on unseen test datasets, and thereby showcasing better generalization ability. Furthermore, the performance of EACC-equipped host car on the predicted velocities is evaluated, and its energy-saving benefits for different prediction horizons are presented.

计算流体动力学（CFD）可用于模拟血管血流动力学并分析潜在的治疗方案。 CFD已显示对改善患者预后有益。但是，尚未实现CFD的实施CFD。 CFD的障碍包括高计算资源，设计模拟设置所需的专业经验以及较长的处理时间。这项研究的目的是探索使用机器学习（ML）以自动和快速回归模型复制常规主动脉CFD。用于训练/测试的数据该模型由在合成生成的3D主动脉形状上执行的3,000个CFD模拟组成。这些受试者是由基于实际患者特异性主动脉（n = 67）的统计形状模型（SSM）生成的。对200个测试形状进行的推理导致压力和速度的平均误差分别为6.01％+/- 3.12 SD和3.99％+/- 0.93 SD。我们的基于ML的模型在〜0.075秒内执行CFD（比求解器快4,000倍）。这项研究表明，可以使用ML以更快的速度，自动过程和高精度来复制常规血管CFD的结果。

The time-series forecasting (TSF) problem is a traditional problem in the field of artificial intelligence. Models such as Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), and GRU (Gate Recurrent Units) have contributed to improving the predictive accuracy of TSF. Furthermore, model structures have been proposed to combine time-series decomposition methods, such as seasonal-trend decomposition using Loess (STL) to ensure improved predictive accuracy. However, because this approach is learned in an independent model for each component, it cannot learn the relationships between time-series components. In this study, we propose a new neural architecture called a correlation recurrent unit (CRU) that can perform time series decomposition within a neural cell and learn correlations (autocorrelation and correlation) between each decomposition component. The proposed neural architecture was evaluated through comparative experiments with previous studies using five univariate time-series datasets and four multivariate time-series data. The results showed that long- and short-term predictive performance was improved by more than 10%. The experimental results show that the proposed CRU is an excellent method for TSF problems compared to other neural architectures.

传统上，基于标度律维模型已被用于参数对流换热岩类地行星像地球，火星，水星和金星的内部，以解决二维或三维高保真前插的计算瓶颈。然而，这些在物理它们可以建模（例如深度取决于材料特性），并预测只平均量的量的限制，例如平均温度地幔。我们最近发现，前馈神经网络（FNN），使用了大量的二维模拟可以克服这个限制和可靠地预测整个1D横向平均温度分布的演变，及时为复杂的模型训练。我们现在扩展该方法以预测的完整2D温度字段，它包含在对流结构如热羽状和冷downwellings的形式的信息。使用的地幔热演化的10,525二维模拟数据集火星般的星球，我们表明，深度学习技术能够产生可靠的参数代理人（即代理人即预测仅基于参数状态变量，如温度）底层偏微分方程。我们首先使用卷积自动编码由142倍以压缩温度场，然后使用FNN和长短期存储器网络（LSTM）来预测所述压缩字段。平均起来，FNN预测是99.30％，并且LSTM预测是准确相对于看不见模拟99.22％。在LSTM和FNN预测显示，尽管较低的绝对平均相对精度，LSTMs捕捉血流动力学优于FNNS适当的正交分解（POD）。当求和，从FNN预测和从LSTM预测量至96.51％，相对97.66％到原始模拟的系数，分别与POD系数。

剪切应力史控制着液化土壤中的孔隙压力反应。当剪切应力振幅低于峰值先前振幅 - 屏蔽效果时，在循环载荷下的孔隙压力不会增加。许多复杂的本构模型无法捕获在环状液化实验中观察到的屏蔽效应。我们基于LSTM神经网络开发了一个数据驱动的机器学习模型，以捕获循环负荷下土壤的液化反应。LSTM模型对在内华达州的12个实验室循环简单剪切测试中进行了训练，该测试是在经受不同循环简单剪切载荷条件下的宽松和密集的条件下进行的。LSTM模型的特征包括土壤的相对密度和先前的应力病史，以预测孔隙水压反应。LSTM模型考虑了屏蔽和密度效应的三个环状简单测试结果，成功地复制了孔隙压力响应。

在本文中，我们根据卷积神经网络训练湍流模型。这些学到的湍流模型改善了在模拟时为不可压缩的Navier-Stokes方程的溶解不足的低分辨率解。我们的研究涉及开发可区分的数值求解器，该求解器通过多个求解器步骤支持优化梯度的传播。这些属性的重要性是通过那些模型的出色稳定性和准确性来证明的，这些模型在训练过程中展开了更多求解器步骤。此外，我们基于湍流物理学引入损失项，以进一步提高模型的准确性。这种方法应用于三个二维的湍流场景，一种均匀的腐烂湍流案例，一个暂时进化的混合层和空间不断发展的混合层。与无模型模拟相比，我们的模型在长期A-posterii统计数据方面取得了重大改进，而无需将这些统计数据直接包含在学习目标中。在推论时，我们提出的方法还获得了相似准确的纯粹数值方法的实质性改进。

数字双胞胎已成为优化工程产品和系统性能的关键技术。高保真数值模拟构成了工程设计的骨干，从而准确地了解了复杂系统的性能。但是，大规模的，动态的非线性模型需要大量的计算资源，并且对于实时数字双胞胎应用而言是高度的。为此，采用了减少的订单模型（ROM），以近似高保真解决方案，同时准确捕获身体行为的主要方面。本工作提出了一个新的机器学习（ML）平台，用于开发ROM，以处理处理瞬态非线性偏微分方程的大规模数值问题。我们的框架被称为$ \ textit {fastsvd-ml-rom} $，利用$ \ textit {（i）} $单数值分解（SVD）更新方法，以计算多效性解决方案的线性子空间仿真过程，$ \ textIt {（ii）} $降低非线性维度的卷积自动编码器，$ \ textit {（iii）} $ feed-feed-feed-forderward神经网络以将输入参数映射到潜在的空间，以及$ \ textit {（iv） ）} $长的短期内存网络，以预测和预测参数解决方案的动力学。 $ \ textit {fastsvd-ml-rom} $框架的效率用于2D线性对流扩散方程，圆柱周围的流体问题以及动脉段内的3D血流。重建结果的准确性证明了鲁棒性，并评估了所提出的方法的效率。

Several variants of the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architecture for recurrent neural networks have been proposed since its inception in 1995. In recent years, these networks have become the state-of-the-art models for a variety of machine learning problems. This has led to a renewed interest in understanding the role and utility of various computational components of typical LSTM variants. In this paper, we present the first large-scale analysis of eight LSTM variants on three representative tasks: speech recognition, handwriting recognition, and polyphonic music modeling. The hyperparameters of all LSTM variants for each task were optimized separately using random search, and their importance was assessed using the powerful fANOVA framework. In total, we summarize the results of 5400 experimental runs (≈ 15 years of CPU time), which makes our study the largest of its kind on LSTM networks. Our results show that none of the variants can improve upon the standard LSTM architecture significantly, and demonstrate the forget gate and the output activation function to be its most critical components. We further observe that the studied hyperparameters are virtually independent and derive guidelines for their efficient adjustment.

虽然在各种应用中广泛使用刚性机器人，但它们在他们可以执行的任务中受到限制，并且在密切的人机交互中可以保持不安全。另一方面，软机器鞋面超越了刚性机器人的能力，例如与工作环境，自由度，自由度，制造成本和与环境安全互动的兼容性。本文研究了纤维增强弹性机壳（释放）作为一种特定类型的软气动致动器的行为，可用于软装饰器。创建动态集参数模型以在各种操作条件下模拟单一免费的运动，并通知控制器的设计。所提出的PID控制器使用旋转角度来控制多项式函数之后的自由到限定的步进输入或轨迹的响应来控制末端执行器的方向。另外，采用有限元分析方法，包括释放的固有非线性材料特性，精确地评估释放的各种参数和配置。该工具还用于确定模块中多个释放的工作空间，这基本上是软机械臂的构建块。