This paper presents SVAM (Sequential Variance-Altered MLE), a unified framework for learning generalized linear models under adversarial label corruption in training data. SVAM extends to tasks such as least squares regression, logistic regression, and gamma regression, whereas many existing works on learning with label corruptions focus only on least squares regression. SVAM is based on a novel variance reduction technique that may be of independent interest and works by iteratively solving weighted MLEs over variance-altered versions of the GLM objective. SVAM offers provable model recovery guarantees superior to the state-of-the-art for robust regression even when a constant fraction of training labels are adversarially corrupted. SVAM also empirically outperforms several existing problem-specific techniques for robust regression and classification. Code for SVAM is available at https://github.com/purushottamkar/svam/
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我们研究在对抗性腐败下学习通用线性模型的问题。我们分析了一种经典的启发式,称为迭代修剪的最大似然估计量,该估计量已知在实践中有效地抵抗标签腐败。在标签腐败下,我们证明了这个简单的估计器在各种广泛的线性模型上实现了最小风险,包括高斯回归,泊松回归和二项式回归。最后,我们将估计器扩展到标签和协变量腐败的更具挑战性的设置,并在该环境中证明其稳健性和最佳性。
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本文研究了具有对抗性误差的强大一位压缩感应的二进制分类。假设该模型过度分配,并且感兴趣的参数有效稀疏。adaboost被考虑,并且通过其与MAX - $ \ ell_1 $ -Margin-Scressifir的关系,派生预测错误界限。开发的理论是一般的,并且允许重型的特征分布,只需要一个薄弱的时刻假设和抗浓缩条件。当特征满足小偏差下限时,示出了改善的收敛速率。特别是,结果提供了解释为什么内插对抗性噪声对于分类问题可以是无害的。模拟说明了所提出的理论。
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Because of the widespread existence of noise and data corruption, recovering the true regression parameters with a certain proportion of corrupted response variables is an essential task. Methods to overcome this problem often involve robust least-squares regression, but few methods perform well when confronted with severe adaptive adversarial attacks. In many applications, prior knowledge is often available from historical data or engineering experience, and by incorporating prior information into a robust regression method, we develop an effective robust regression method that can resist adaptive adversarial attacks. First, we propose the novel TRIP (hard Thresholding approach to Robust regression with sImple Prior) algorithm, which improves the breakdown point when facing adaptive adversarial attacks. Then, to improve the robustness and reduce the estimation error caused by the inclusion of priors, we use the idea of Bayesian reweighting to construct the more robust BRHT (robust Bayesian Reweighting regression via Hard Thresholding) algorithm. We prove the theoretical convergence of the proposed algorithms under mild conditions, and extensive experiments show that under different types of dataset attacks, our algorithms outperform other benchmark ones. Finally, we apply our methods to a data-recovery problem in a real-world application involving a space solar array, demonstrating their good applicability.
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We establish a simple connection between robust and differentially-private algorithms: private mechanisms which perform well with very high probability are automatically robust in the sense that they retain accuracy even if a constant fraction of the samples they receive are adversarially corrupted. Since optimal mechanisms typically achieve these high success probabilities, our results imply that optimal private mechanisms for many basic statistics problems are robust. We investigate the consequences of this observation for both algorithms and computational complexity across different statistical problems. Assuming the Brennan-Bresler secret-leakage planted clique conjecture, we demonstrate a fundamental tradeoff between computational efficiency, privacy leakage, and success probability for sparse mean estimation. Private algorithms which match this tradeoff are not yet known -- we achieve that (up to polylogarithmic factors) in a polynomially-large range of parameters via the Sum-of-Squares method. To establish an information-computation gap for private sparse mean estimation, we also design new (exponential-time) mechanisms using fewer samples than efficient algorithms must use. Finally, we give evidence for privacy-induced information-computation gaps for several other statistics and learning problems, including PAC learning parity functions and estimation of the mean of a multivariate Gaussian.
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我们介绍了一个普遍的框架,用于表征差异隐私保证的统计估算问题的统计效率。我们的框架,我们呼叫高维建议 - 试验释放(HPTR),在三个重要组件上建立:指数机制,强大的统计和提议 - 试验释放机制。将所有这些粘在一起是恢复力的概念,这是强大的统计估计的核心。弹性指导算法的设计,灵敏度分析和试验步骤的成功概率分析。关键识别是,如果我们设计了一种仅通过一维鲁棒统计数据访问数据的指数机制,则可以大大减少所产生的本地灵敏度。使用弹性,我们可以提供紧密的本地敏感界限。这些紧张界限在几个案例中容易转化为近乎最佳的实用程序。我们给出了将HPTR应用于统计估计问题的给定实例的一般配方,并在平均估计,线性回归,协方差估计和主成分分析的规范问题上证明了它。我们介绍了一般的公用事业分析技术,证明了HPTR几乎在文献中研究的若干场景下实现了最佳的样本复杂性。
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We study the relationship between adversarial robustness and differential privacy in high-dimensional algorithmic statistics. We give the first black-box reduction from privacy to robustness which can produce private estimators with optimal tradeoffs among sample complexity, accuracy, and privacy for a wide range of fundamental high-dimensional parameter estimation problems, including mean and covariance estimation. We show that this reduction can be implemented in polynomial time in some important special cases. In particular, using nearly-optimal polynomial-time robust estimators for the mean and covariance of high-dimensional Gaussians which are based on the Sum-of-Squares method, we design the first polynomial-time private estimators for these problems with nearly-optimal samples-accuracy-privacy tradeoffs. Our algorithms are also robust to a constant fraction of adversarially-corrupted samples.
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我们在高维批处理设置中提出了统计上健壮和计算高效的线性学习方法,其中功能$ d $的数量可能超过样本量$ n $。在通用学习环境中,我们采用两种算法,具体取决于所考虑的损失函数是否为梯度lipschitz。然后,我们将我们的框架实例化,包括几种应用程序,包括香草稀疏,群 - 帕克斯和低升级矩阵恢复。对于每种应用,这导致了有效而强大的学习算法,这些算法在重尾分布和异常值的存在下达到了近乎最佳的估计率。对于香草$ S $ -SPARSITY,我们能够以重型尾巴和$ \ eta $ - 腐败的计算成本与非企业类似物相当的计算成本达到$ s \ log(d)/n $速率。我们通过开放源代码$ \ mathtt {python} $库提供了有效的算法实现文献中提出的最新方法。
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我们开发机器以设计有效的可计算和一致的估计,随着观察人数而达到零的估计误差,因为观察的次数增长,当面对可能损坏的答复,除了样本的所有品,除了每种量之外的ALL。作为具体示例,我们调查了两个问题:稀疏回归和主成分分析(PCA)。对于稀疏回归,我们实现了最佳样本大小的一致性$ n \ gtrsim(k \ log d)/ \ alpha ^ $和最佳错误率$ o(\ sqrt {(k \ log d)/(n \ cdot \ alpha ^ 2))$ N $是观察人数,$ D $是尺寸的数量,$ k $是参数矢量的稀疏性,允许在数量的数量中为逆多项式进行逆多项式样品。在此工作之前,已知估计是一致的,当Inliers $ \ Alpha $ IS $ O(1 / \ log \ log n)$,即使是(非球面)高斯设计矩阵时也是一致的。结果在弱设计假设下持有,并且在这种一般噪声存在下仅被D'Orsi等人最近以密集的设置(即一般线性回归)显示。 [DNS21]。在PCA的上下文中,我们在参数矩阵上的广泛尖端假设下获得最佳错误保证(通常用于矩阵完成)。以前的作品可以仅在假设下获得非琐碎的保证,即与最基于的测量噪声以$ n $(例如,具有方差1 / n ^ 2 $的高斯高斯)。为了设计我们的估算,我们用非平滑的普通方(如$ \ ell_1 $ norm或核规范)装备Huber丢失,并以一种新的方法来分析损失的新方法[DNS21]的方法[DNS21]。功能。我们的机器似乎很容易适用于各种估计问题。
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在本文中,我们利用过度参数化来设计高维单索索引模型的无规矩算法,并为诱导的隐式正则化现象提供理论保证。具体而言,我们研究了链路功能是非线性且未知的矢量和矩阵单索引模型,信号参数是稀疏向量或低秩对称矩阵,并且响应变量可以是重尾的。为了更好地理解隐含正规化的角色而没有过度的技术性,我们假设协变量的分布是先验的。对于载体和矩阵设置,我们通过采用分数函数变换和专为重尾数据的强大截断步骤来构造过度参数化最小二乘损耗功能。我们建议通过将无规则化的梯度下降应用于损耗函数来估计真实参数。当初始化接近原点并且步骤中足够小时,我们证明了所获得的解决方案在载体和矩阵案件中实现了最小的收敛统计速率。此外,我们的实验结果支持我们的理论调查结果,并表明我们的方法在$ \ ell_2 $ -staticatisticated率和变量选择一致性方面具有明确的正则化的经验卓越。
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在负面的感知问题中,我们给出了$ n $数据点$({\ boldsymbol x} _i,y_i)$,其中$ {\ boldsymbol x} _i $是$ d $ -densional vector和$ y_i \ in \ { + 1,-1 \} $是二进制标签。数据不是线性可分离的,因此我们满足自己的内容,以找到最大的线性分类器,具有最大的\ emph {否定}余量。换句话说,我们想找到一个单位常规矢量$ {\ boldsymbol \ theta} $,最大化$ \ min_ {i \ le n} y_i \ langle {\ boldsymbol \ theta},{\ boldsymbol x} _i \ rangle $ 。这是一个非凸优化问题(它相当于在Polytope中找到最大标准矢量),我们在两个随机模型下研究其典型属性。我们考虑比例渐近,其中$ n,d \ to \ idty $以$ n / d \ to \ delta $,并在最大边缘$ \ kappa _ {\ text {s}}(\ delta)上证明了上限和下限)$或 - 等效 - 在其逆函数$ \ delta _ {\ text {s}}(\ kappa)$。换句话说,$ \ delta _ {\ text {s}}(\ kappa)$是overparametization阈值:以$ n / d \ le \ delta _ {\ text {s}}(\ kappa) - \ varepsilon $一个分类器实现了消失的训练错误,具有高概率,而以$ n / d \ ge \ delta _ {\ text {s}}(\ kappa)+ \ varepsilon $。我们在$ \ delta _ {\ text {s}}(\ kappa)$匹配,以$ \ kappa \ to - \ idty $匹配。然后,我们分析了线性编程算法来查找解决方案,并表征相应的阈值$ \ delta _ {\ text {lin}}(\ kappa)$。我们观察插值阈值$ \ delta _ {\ text {s}}(\ kappa)$和线性编程阈值$ \ delta _ {\ text {lin {lin}}(\ kappa)$之间的差距,提出了行为的问题其他算法。
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成功的深度学习模型往往涉及培训具有比训练样本数量更多的参数的神经网络架构。近年来已经广泛研究了这种超分子化的模型,并且通过双下降现象和通过优化景观的结构特性,从统计的角度和计算视角都建立了过分统计化的优点。尽管在过上分层的制度中深入学习架构的显着成功,但也众所周知,这些模型对其投入中的小对抗扰动感到高度脆弱。即使在普遍培训的情况下,它们在扰动输入(鲁棒泛化)上的性能也会比良性输入(标准概括)的最佳可达到的性能更糟糕。因此,必须了解如何从根本上影响稳健性的情况下如何影响鲁棒性。在本文中,我们将通过专注于随机特征回归模型(具有随机第一层权重的两层神经网络)来提供超分度化对鲁棒性的作用的精确表征。我们考虑一个制度,其中样本量,输入维度和参数的数量彼此成比例地生长,并且当模型发生前列地训练时,可以为鲁棒泛化误差导出渐近精确的公式。我们的发达理论揭示了过分统计化对鲁棒性的非竞争效果,表明对于普遍训练的随机特征模型,高度公正化可能会损害鲁棒泛化。
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We study the fundamental task of outlier-robust mean estimation for heavy-tailed distributions in the presence of sparsity. Specifically, given a small number of corrupted samples from a high-dimensional heavy-tailed distribution whose mean $\mu$ is guaranteed to be sparse, the goal is to efficiently compute a hypothesis that accurately approximates $\mu$ with high probability. Prior work had obtained efficient algorithms for robust sparse mean estimation of light-tailed distributions. In this work, we give the first sample-efficient and polynomial-time robust sparse mean estimator for heavy-tailed distributions under mild moment assumptions. Our algorithm achieves the optimal asymptotic error using a number of samples scaling logarithmically with the ambient dimension. Importantly, the sample complexity of our method is optimal as a function of the failure probability $\tau$, having an additive $\log(1/\tau)$ dependence. Our algorithm leverages the stability-based approach from the algorithmic robust statistics literature, with crucial (and necessary) adaptations required in our setting. Our analysis may be of independent interest, involving the delicate design of a (non-spectral) decomposition for positive semi-definite matrices satisfying certain sparsity properties.
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我们研究了在存在$ \ epsilon $ - 对抗异常值的高维稀疏平均值估计的问题。先前的工作为此任务获得了该任务的样本和计算有效算法,用于辅助性Subgaussian分布。在这项工作中,我们开发了第一个有效的算法,用于强大的稀疏平均值估计,而没有对协方差的先验知识。对于$ \ Mathbb r^d $上的分布,带有“认证有限”的$ t $ tum-矩和足够轻的尾巴,我们的算法达到了$ o(\ epsilon^{1-1/t})$带有样品复杂性$的错误(\ epsilon^{1-1/t}) m =(k \ log(d))^{o(t)}/\ epsilon^{2-2/t} $。对于高斯分布的特殊情况,我们的算法达到了$ \ tilde o(\ epsilon)$的接近最佳错误,带有样品复杂性$ m = o(k^4 \ mathrm {polylog}(d)(d))/\ epsilon^^ 2 $。我们的算法遵循基于方形的总和,对算法方法的证明。我们通过统计查询和低度多项式测试的下限来补充上限,提供了证据,表明我们算法实现的样本时间 - 错误权衡在质量上是最好的。
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在共享数据的统计学习和分析中,在联合学习和元学习等平台上越来越广泛地采用,有两个主要问题:隐私和鲁棒性。每个参与的个人都应该能够贡献,而不会担心泄露一个人的敏感信息。与此同时,系统应该在恶意参与者的存在中插入损坏的数据。最近的算法在学习中,学习共享数据专注于这些威胁中的一个,使系统容易受到另一个威胁。我们弥合了这个差距,以获得估计意思的规范问题。样品。我们介绍了素数,这是第一算法,实现了各种分布的隐私和鲁棒性。我们通过新颖的指数时间算法进一步补充了这一结果,提高了素数的样本复杂性,实现了近最优保证并匹配(非鲁棒)私有平均估计的已知下限。这证明没有额外的统计成本同时保证隐私和稳健性。
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近似消息传递(AMP)是解决高维统计问题的有效迭代范式。但是,当迭代次数超过$ o \ big(\ frac {\ log n} {\ log log \ log \ log n} \时big)$(带有$ n $问题维度)。为了解决这一不足,本文开发了一个非吸附框架,用于理解峰值矩阵估计中的AMP。基于AMP更新的新分解和可控的残差项,我们布置了一个分析配方,以表征在存在独立初始化的情况下AMP的有限样本行为,该过程被进一步概括以进行光谱初始化。作为提出的分析配方的两个具体后果:(i)求解$ \ mathbb {z} _2 $同步时,我们预测了频谱初始化AMP的行为,最高为$ o \ big(\ frac {n} {\ mathrm {\ mathrm { poly} \ log n} \ big)$迭代,表明该算法成功而无需随后的细化阶段(如最近由\ citet {celentano2021local}推测); (ii)我们表征了稀疏PCA中AMP的非反应性行为(在尖刺的Wigner模型中),以广泛的信噪比。
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In the classical setting of self-selection, the goal is to learn $k$ models, simultaneously from observations $(x^{(i)}, y^{(i)})$ where $y^{(i)}$ is the output of one of $k$ underlying models on input $x^{(i)}$. In contrast to mixture models, where we observe the output of a randomly selected model, here the observed model depends on the outputs themselves, and is determined by some known selection criterion. For example, we might observe the highest output, the smallest output, or the median output of the $k$ models. In known-index self-selection, the identity of the observed model output is observable; in unknown-index self-selection, it is not. Self-selection has a long history in Econometrics and applications in various theoretical and applied fields, including treatment effect estimation, imitation learning, learning from strategically reported data, and learning from markets at disequilibrium. In this work, we present the first computationally and statistically efficient estimation algorithms for the most standard setting of this problem where the models are linear. In the known-index case, we require poly$(1/\varepsilon, k, d)$ sample and time complexity to estimate all model parameters to accuracy $\varepsilon$ in $d$ dimensions, and can accommodate quite general selection criteria. In the more challenging unknown-index case, even the identifiability of the linear models (from infinitely many samples) was not known. We show three results in this case for the commonly studied $\max$ self-selection criterion: (1) we show that the linear models are indeed identifiable, (2) for general $k$ we provide an algorithm with poly$(d) \exp(\text{poly}(k))$ sample and time complexity to estimate the regression parameters up to error $1/\text{poly}(k)$, and (3) for $k = 2$ we provide an algorithm for any error $\varepsilon$ and poly$(d, 1/\varepsilon)$ sample and time complexity.
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截断的线性回归是统计学中的一个经典挑战,其中$ y = w^t x + \ varepsilon $及其相应的功能向量,$ x \ in \ mathbb {r}^k $,仅在当时才观察到标签属于某些子集$ s \ subseteq \ mathbb {r} $;否则,对$(x,y)$的存在被隐藏在观察中。以截断的观察结果的线性回归一直是其一般形式的挑战,因为〜\ citet {tobin1958估计,amemiya1973 reflecression}的早期作品。当误差的分布与已知方差正常时,〜\ citet {daskalakis2019 truncatedRegerse}的最新工作在线性模型$ w $上提供了计算和统计上有效的估计器。在本文中,当噪声方差未知时,我们为截断的线性回归提供了第一个计算和统计上有效的估计器,同时估计了噪声的线性模型和方差。我们的估计器基于对截短样品的负模样中的预测随机梯度下降的有效实施。重要的是,我们表明我们的估计错误是渐近正常的,我们使用它来为我们的估计提供明确的置信区域。
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我们提出了一种基于优化的基于优化的框架,用于计算差异私有M估算器以及构建差分私立置信区的新方法。首先,我们表明稳健的统计数据可以与嘈杂的梯度下降或嘈杂的牛顿方法结合使用,以便分别获得具有全局线性或二次收敛的最佳私人估算。我们在局部强大的凸起和自我协调下建立当地和全球融合保障,表明我们的私人估算变为对非私人M估计的几乎最佳附近的高概率。其次,我们通过构建我们私有M估计的渐近方差的差异私有估算来解决参数化推断的问题。这自然导致近​​似枢轴统计,用于构建置信区并进行假设检测。我们展示了偏置校正的有效性,以提高模拟中的小样本实证性能。我们说明了我们在若干数值例子中的方法的好处。
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由于在数据稀缺的设置中,交叉验证的性能不佳,我们提出了一个新颖的估计器,以估计数据驱动的优化策略的样本外部性能。我们的方法利用优化问题的灵敏度分析来估计梯度关于数据中噪声量的最佳客观值,并利用估计的梯度将策略的样本中的表现为依据。与交叉验证技术不同,我们的方法避免了为测试集牺牲数据,在训练和因此非常适合数据稀缺的设置时使用所有数据。我们证明了我们估计量的偏见和方差范围,这些问题与不确定的线性目标优化问题,但已知的,可能是非凸的,可行的区域。对于更专业的优化问题,从某种意义上说,可行区域“弱耦合”,我们证明结果更强。具体而言,我们在估算器的错误上提供明确的高概率界限,该估计器在策略类别上均匀地保持,并取决于问题的维度和策略类的复杂性。我们的边界表明,在轻度条件下,随着优化问题的尺寸的增长,我们的估计器的误差也会消失,即使可用数据的量仍然很小且恒定。说不同的是,我们证明我们的估计量在小型数据中的大规模政权中表现良好。最后,我们通过数值将我们提出的方法与最先进的方法进行比较,通过使用真实数据调度紧急医疗响应服务的案例研究。我们的方法提供了更准确的样本外部性能估计,并学习了表现更好的政策。
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