我们在大规模设置中研究一类广义的线性程序（GLP），包括可能简单的非光滑凸规律器和简单的凸集合约束。通过将GLP作为等效凸凹入最大问题的重新介绍，我们表明问题中的线性结构可用于设计高效，可扩展的一阶算法，我们给出了名称\ EMPH {坐标线性方差减少}（\ textsc {clvr};发音为``clever''）。 \ textsc {clvr}是一种增量坐标方法，具有隐式方差差异，输出双变量迭代的\ emph {仿射组合}。 \ textsc {clvr}产生改善的复杂性结果（glp），这取决于（glp）中的线性约束矩阵的最大行标准而不是光谱标准。当正常化术语和约束是可分离的，\ textsc {clvr}承认有效的延迟更新策略，使其复杂性界限与（glp）中的线性约束矩阵的非零元素的数量而不是矩阵尺寸。我们表明，通过引入稀疏连接的辅助变量，可以将基于$ F $ -divergence和Wassersein指标的歧义组的分布稳健优化（DRO）问题进行重新重整为（GLP）。我们补充了我们的理论保证，具有验证我们算法的实际效果的数值实验，无论是在壁钟时间和数据次数方面。

Nonconvex optimization is central in solving many machine learning problems, in which block-wise structure is commonly encountered. In this work, we propose cyclic block coordinate methods for nonconvex optimization problems with non-asymptotic gradient norm guarantees. Our convergence analysis is based on a gradient Lipschitz condition with respect to a Mahalanobis norm, inspired by a recent progress on cyclic block coordinate methods. In deterministic settings, our convergence guarantee matches the guarantee of (full-gradient) gradient descent, but with the gradient Lipschitz constant being defined w.r.t.~the Mahalanobis norm. In stochastic settings, we use recursive variance reduction to decrease the per-iteration cost and match the arithmetic operation complexity of current optimal stochastic full-gradient methods, with a unified analysis for both finite-sum and infinite-sum cases. We further prove the faster, linear convergence of our methods when a Polyak-{\L}ojasiewicz (P{\L}) condition holds for the objective function. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to provide variance-reduced convergence guarantees for a cyclic block coordinate method. Our experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed variance-reduced cyclic scheme in training deep neural nets.

我们提出了随机方差降低算法，以求解凸 - 凸座鞍点问题，单调变异不平等和单调夹杂物。我们的框架适用于Euclidean和Bregman设置中的外部，前向前后和前反向回复的方法。所有提出的方法都在与确定性的对应物相同的环境中收敛，并且它们要么匹配或改善了解决结构化的最低最大问题的最著名复杂性。我们的结果加强了变异不平等和最小化之间的差异之间的对应关系。我们还通过对矩阵游戏的数值评估来说明方法的改进。

We study stochastic monotone inclusion problems, which widely appear in machine learning applications, including robust regression and adversarial learning. We propose novel variants of stochastic Halpern iteration with recursive variance reduction. In the cocoercive -- and more generally Lipschitz-monotone -- setup, our algorithm attains $\epsilon$ norm of the operator with $\mathcal{O}(\frac{1}{\epsilon^3})$ stochastic operator evaluations, which significantly improves over state of the art $\mathcal{O}(\frac{1}{\epsilon^4})$ stochastic operator evaluations required for existing monotone inclusion solvers applied to the same problem classes. We further show how to couple one of the proposed variants of stochastic Halpern iteration with a scheduled restart scheme to solve stochastic monotone inclusion problems with ${\mathcal{O}}(\frac{\log(1/\epsilon)}{\epsilon^2})$ stochastic operator evaluations under additional sharpness or strong monotonicity assumptions.

最近有利息线性编程（LP）的一阶方法。在本文中，我们提出了一种使用差异减少的随机算法，并重新启动，用于解决LP等尖锐的原始 - 双重问题。我们表明，所提出的随机方法表现出具有高概率的尖锐实例的线性收敛速率，这提高了现有的确定性和随机算法的复杂性。此外，我们提出了一个有效的基于坐标的随机甲骨文，用于无限制的双线性问题，它具有$ \ Mathcal O（1）$彼得迭代成本并改善总牌数量达到一定的准确性。

加速的近端算法（APPA），也称为“催化剂”，是从凸优化到近似近端计算（即正则最小化）的确定还原。这种减少在概念上是优雅的，可以保证强大的收敛速度。但是，这些速率具有多余的对数项，因此需要计算每个近端点至高精度。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个新颖的放松误差标准，用于加速近端点（recapp），以消除对高精度子问题解决方案的需求。我们将recapp应用于两个规范问题：有限的和最大结构的最小化。对于有限和问题，我们匹配了以前通过精心设计的问题特异性算法获得的最著名的复杂性。为了最大程度地减少$ \ max_y f（x，y）$，其中$ f $以$ x $为$ x $，而在$ y $中强烈concave，我们改进了受对数因素限制的最著名的（基于催化剂）。

Wasserstein的分布在强大的优化方面已成为强大估计的有力框架，享受良好的样本外部性能保证，良好的正则化效果以及计算上可易处理的双重重新纠正。在这样的框架中，通过将最接近经验分布的所有概率分布中最接近的所有概率分布中最小化的最差预期损失来最大程度地减少估计量。在本文中，我们提出了一个在噪声线性测量中估算未知参数的Wasserstein分布稳定的M估计框架，我们专注于分析此类估计器的平方误差性能的重要且具有挑战性的任务。我们的研究是在现代的高维比例状态下进行的，在该状态下，环境维度和样品数量都以相对的速度进行编码，该速率以编码问题的下/过度参数化的比例。在各向同性高斯特征假设下，我们表明可以恢复平方误差作为凸 - 串联优化问题的解，令人惊讶的是，它在最多四个标量变量中都涉及。据我们所知，这是在Wasserstein分布强劲的M估计背景下研究此问题的第一项工作。

Convex function constrained optimization has received growing research interests lately. For a special convex problem which has strongly convex function constraints, we develop a new accelerated primal-dual first-order method that obtains an $\Ocal(1/\sqrt{\vep})$ complexity bound, improving the $\Ocal(1/{\vep})$ result for the state-of-the-art first-order methods. The key ingredient to our development is some novel techniques to progressively estimate the strong convexity of the Lagrangian function, which enables adaptive step-size selection and faster convergence performance. In addition, we show that the complexity is further improvable in terms of the dependence on some problem parameter, via a restart scheme that calls the accelerated method repeatedly. As an application, we consider sparsity-inducing constrained optimization which has a separable convex objective and a strongly convex loss constraint. In addition to achieving fast convergence, we show that the restarted method can effectively identify the sparsity pattern (active-set) of the optimal solution in finite steps. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first active-set identification result for sparsity-inducing constrained optimization.

We study distributionally robust optimization (DRO) with Sinkhorn distance -- a variant of Wasserstein distance based on entropic regularization. We provide convex programming dual reformulation for a general nominal distribution. Compared with Wasserstein DRO, it is computationally tractable for a larger class of loss functions, and its worst-case distribution is more reasonable. We propose an efficient first-order algorithm with bisection search to solve the dual reformulation. We demonstrate that our proposed algorithm finds $\delta$-optimal solution of the new DRO formulation with computation cost $\tilde{O}(\delta^{-3})$ and memory cost $\tilde{O}(\delta^{-2})$, and the computation cost further improves to $\tilde{O}(\delta^{-2})$ when the loss function is smooth. Finally, we provide various numerical examples using both synthetic and real data to demonstrate its competitive performance and light computational speed.

我们介绍并分析新的一阶优化算法系列，它概括并统一镜像血统和双平均。在该系列的框架内，我们定义了用于约束优化的新算法，这些算法结合了镜像血统和双平均的优点。我们的初步仿真研究表明，这些新算法在某些情况下显着优于可用方法。

随机多变最小化 - 最小化（SMM）是大多数变化最小化的经典原则的在线延伸，这包括采样I.I.D。来自固定数据分布的数据点，并最小化递归定义的主函数的主要替代。在本文中，我们引入了随机块大大化 - 最小化，其中替代品现在只能块多凸，在半径递减内的时间优化单个块。在SMM中的代理人放松标准的强大凸起要求，我们的框架在内提供了更广泛的适用性，包括在线CANDECOMP / PARAFAC（CP）字典学习，并且尤其是当问题尺寸大时产生更大的计算效率。我们对所提出的算法提供广泛的收敛性分析，我们在可能的数据流下派生，放松标准i.i.d。对数据样本的假设。我们表明，所提出的算法几乎肯定会收敛于速率$ O（（\ log n）^ {1+ \ eps} / n ^ {1/2}）$的约束下的非凸起物镜的静止点集合。实证丢失函数和$ O（（\ log n）^ {1+ \ eps} / n ^ {1/4}）$的预期丢失函数，其中$ n $表示处理的数据样本数。在一些额外的假设下，后一趋同率可以提高到$ o（（\ log n）^ {1+ \ eps} / n ^ {1/2}）$。我们的结果为一般马尔维亚数据设置提供了各种在线矩阵和张量分解算法的第一融合率界限。

用于解决无约束光滑游戏的两个最突出的算法是经典随机梯度下降 - 上升（SGDA）和最近引入的随机共识优化（SCO）[Mescheder等，2017]。已知SGDA可以收敛到特定类别的游戏的静止点，但是当前的收敛分析需要有界方差假设。 SCO用于解决大规模对抗问题，但其收敛保证仅限于其确定性变体。在这项工作中，我们介绍了预期的共同胁迫条件，解释了它的好处，并在这种情况下提供了SGDA和SCO的第一次迭代收敛保证，以解决可能是非单调的一类随机变分不等式问题。我们将两种方法的线性会聚到解决方案的邻域时，当它们使用恒定的步长时，我们提出了富有识别的步骤化切换规则，以保证对确切解决方案的融合。此外，我们的收敛保证在任意抽样范式下担保，因此，我们对迷你匹配的复杂性进行了解。

In this paper, we propose a novel primal-dual proximal splitting algorithm (PD-PSA), named BALPA, for the composite optimization problem with equality constraints, where the loss function consists of a smooth term and a nonsmooth term composed with a linear mapping. In BALPA, the dual update is designed as a proximal point for a time-varying quadratic function, which balances the implementation of primal and dual update and retains the proximity-induced feature of classic PD-PSAs. In addition, by this balance, BALPA eliminates the inefficiency of classic PD-PSAs for composite optimization problems in which the Euclidean norm of the linear mapping or the equality constraint mapping is large. Therefore, BALPA not only inherits the advantages of simple structure and easy implementation of classic PD-PSAs but also ensures a fast convergence when these norms are large. Moreover, we propose a stochastic version of BALPA (S-BALPA) and apply the developed BALPA to distributed optimization to devise a new distributed optimization algorithm. Furthermore, a comprehensive convergence analysis for BALPA and S-BALPA is conducted, respectively. Finally, numerical experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.

二重优化发现在现代机器学习问题中发现了广泛的应用，例如超参数优化，神经体系结构搜索，元学习等。而具有独特的内部最小点（例如，内部功能是强烈凸的，都具有唯一的内在最小点）的理解，这是充分理解的，多个内部最小点的问题仍然是具有挑战性和开放的。为此问题设计的现有算法适用于限制情况，并且不能完全保证融合。在本文中，我们采用了双重优化的重新制定来限制优化，并通过原始的双二线优化（PDBO）算法解决了问题。 PDBO不仅解决了多个内部最小挑战，而且还具有完全一阶效率的情况，而无需涉及二阶Hessian和Jacobian计算，而不是大多数现有的基于梯度的二杆算法。我们进一步表征了PDBO的收敛速率，它是与多个内部最小值的双光线优化的第一个已知的非质合收敛保证。我们的实验证明了所提出的方法的预期性能。

Nonconvex minimax problems have attracted wide attention in machine learning, signal processing and many other fields in recent years. In this paper, we propose a primal dual alternating proximal gradient (PDAPG) algorithm and a primal dual proximal gradient (PDPG-L) algorithm for solving nonsmooth nonconvex-strongly concave and nonconvex-linear minimax problems with coupled linear constraints, respectively. The corresponding iteration complexity of the two algorithms are proved to be $\mathcal{O}\left( \varepsilon ^{-2} \right)$ and $\mathcal{O}\left( \varepsilon ^{-3} \right)$ to reach an $\varepsilon$-stationary point, respectively. To our knowledge, they are the first two algorithms with iteration complexity guarantee for solving the two classes of minimax problems.

我们调查随机镜面下降（SMD）的趋同相对光滑和平滑凸优化。在相对平滑的凸优化中，我们为SMD提供了新的收敛保证，并持续步骤。对于平滑的凸优化，我们提出了一种新的自适应步骤方案 - 镜子随机Polyak Spectize（MSP）。值得注意的是，我们的收敛导致两个设置都不会使有界渐变假设或有界方差假设，并且我们向邻域显示在插值下消失的邻居的融合。MSP概括了最近提出的随机Polyak Spectize（SPS）（Loizou等，2021）以镜子血液镜子，并且在继承镜子血清的好处的同时，现代机器学习应用仍然是实用和高效的。我们将我们的结果与各种监督的学习任务和SMD的不同实例相结合，展示了MSP的有效性。

We present a new family of subgradient methods that dynamically incorporate knowledge of the geometry of the data observed in earlier iterations to perform more informative gradient-based learning. Metaphorically, the adaptation allows us to find needles in haystacks in the form of very predictive but rarely seen features. Our paradigm stems from recent advances in stochastic optimization and online learning which employ proximal functions to control the gradient steps of the algorithm. We describe and analyze an apparatus for adaptively modifying the proximal function, which significantly simplifies setting a learning rate and results in regret guarantees that are provably as good as the best proximal function that can be chosen in hindsight. We give several efficient algorithms for empirical risk minimization problems with common and important regularization functions and domain constraints. We experimentally study our theoretical analysis and show that adaptive subgradient methods outperform state-of-the-art, yet non-adaptive, subgradient algorithms.

Difference-of-Convex (DC) minimization, referring to the problem of minimizing the difference of two convex functions, has been found rich applications in statistical learning and studied extensively for decades. However, existing methods are primarily based on multi-stage convex relaxation, only leading to weak optimality of critical points. This paper proposes a coordinate descent method for minimizing a class of DC functions based on sequential nonconvex approximation. Our approach iteratively solves a nonconvex one-dimensional subproblem globally, and it is guaranteed to converge to a coordinate-wise stationary point. We prove that this new optimality condition is always stronger than the standard critical point condition and directional point condition under a mild \textit{locally bounded nonconvexity assumption}. For comparisons, we also include a naive variant of coordinate descent methods based on sequential convex approximation in our study. When the objective function satisfies a \textit{globally bounded nonconvexity assumption} and \textit{Luo-Tseng error bound assumption}, coordinate descent methods achieve \textit{Q-linear} convergence rate. Also, for many applications of interest, we show that the nonconvex one-dimensional subproblem can be computed exactly and efficiently using a breakpoint searching method. Finally, we have conducted extensive experiments on several statistical learning tasks to show the superiority of our approach. Keywords: Coordinate Descent, DC Minimization, DC Programming, Difference-of-Convex Programs, Nonconvex Optimization, Sparse Optimization, Binary Optimization.

We consider the constrained sampling problem where the goal is to sample from a distribution $\pi(x)\propto e^{-f(x)}$ and $x$ is constrained on a convex body $\mathcal{C}\subset \mathbb{R}^d$. Motivated by penalty methods from optimization, we propose penalized Langevin Dynamics (PLD) and penalized Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (PHMC) that convert the constrained sampling problem into an unconstrained one by introducing a penalty function for constraint violations. When $f$ is smooth and the gradient is available, we show $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(d/\varepsilon^{10})$ iteration complexity for PLD to sample the target up to an $\varepsilon$-error where the error is measured in terms of the total variation distance and $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(\cdot)$ hides some logarithmic factors. For PHMC, we improve this result to $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(\sqrt{d}/\varepsilon^{7})$ when the Hessian of $f$ is Lipschitz and the boundary of $\mathcal{C}$ is sufficiently smooth. To our knowledge, these are the first convergence rate results for Hamiltonian Monte Carlo methods in the constrained sampling setting that can handle non-convex $f$ and can provide guarantees with the best dimension dependency among existing methods with deterministic gradients. We then consider the setting where unbiased stochastic gradients are available. We propose PSGLD and PSGHMC that can handle stochastic gradients without Metropolis-Hasting correction steps. When $f$ is strongly convex and smooth, we obtain an iteration complexity of $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(d/\varepsilon^{18})$ and $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(d\sqrt{d}/\varepsilon^{39})$ respectively in the 2-Wasserstein distance. For the more general case, when $f$ is smooth and non-convex, we also provide finite-time performance bounds and iteration complexity results. Finally, we test our algorithms on Bayesian LASSO regression and Bayesian constrained deep learning problems.

本文重点介绍了解决光滑非凸强凹入最小问题的随机方法，这导致了由于其深度学习中的潜在应用而受到越来越长的关注（例如，深度AUC最大化，分布鲁棒优化）。然而，大多数现有算法在实践中都很慢，并且它们的分析围绕到几乎静止点的收敛。我们考虑利用Polyak-\ L Ojasiewicz（PL）条件来设计更快的随机算法，具有更强的收敛保证。尽管已经用于设计许多随机最小化算法的PL条件，但它们对非凸敏最大优化的应用仍然罕见。在本文中，我们提出并分析了基于近端的跨越时代的方法的通用框架，许多众所周知的随机更新嵌入。以{\ BF原始物镜差和二元间隙}的方式建立快速收敛。与现有研究相比，（i）我们的分析基于一个新的Lyapunov函数，包括原始物理差距和正则化功能的二元间隙，（ii）结果更加全面，提高了更好的依赖性的速率不同假设下的条件号。我们还开展深层和非深度学习实验，以验证我们的方法的有效性。