Applying suction grippers in unstructured environments is a challenging task because of depth and tilt errors in vision systems, requiring additional costs in elaborate sensing and control. To reduce additional costs, suction grippers with compliant bodies or mechanisms have been proposed; however, their bulkiness and limited allowable error hinder their use in complex environments with large errors. Here, we propose a compact suction gripper that can pick objects over a wide range of distances and tilt angles without elaborate sensing and control. The spring-inserted gripper body deploys and conforms to distant and tilted objects until the suction cup completely seals with the object and retracts immediately after, while holding the object. This seamless deployment and retraction is enabled by connecting the gripper body and suction cup to the same vacuum source, which couples the vacuum picking and retraction of the gripper body. Experimental results validated that the proposed gripper can pick objects within 79 mm, which is 1.4 times the initial length, and can pick objects with tilt angles up to 60{\deg}. The feasibility of the gripper was verified by demonstrations, including picking objects of different heights from the same picking height and the bin picking of transparent objects.

软机器人抓手具有许多优势，可以解决动态空中抓握方面的挑战。最近展示的用于空中抓握的典型多指的软握把高度依赖于成功抓握的目标对象的方向。这项研究通过开发一种用于自主空气操纵的全向系统来推动动态空中抓地力的边界。特别是，该论文研究了一种新型，高度集成，模块化，传感器富含通用的握把的设计，制造和实验验证，专为空中应用而设计。提出的抓手利用粒子堵塞和软颗粒材料的最新发展产生了强大的握持力，同时非常轻巧，节能，并且只需要低激活力。我们表明，通过在膜的硅硅混合物中添加添加剂，可以将持有力提高多达50％。实验表明，即使没有几何互锁，我们的轻质抓地力也可以以低至2.5n的激活力发育高达15n的持有力。最后，通过将抓地力安装到多旋风的情况下，在实际条件下执行了一个选择和释放任务。开发的空中抓握系统具有许多有用的属性，例如对碰撞的弹性和鲁棒性以及将无人机与环境脱离的固有的被动合规性。

Grasping是实际应用中大多数机器人的重要能力。软机器人夹具被认为是机器人抓握的关键部分，并在对象几何形状方差方差的高度和稳健性方面引起了相当大的关注;然而，它们仍然受到相应的传感能力和致动机制的限制。我们提出了一种新型软夹具，看起来像碎碎的碎碎片，其具有综合模具技术制造的柔顺的双稳态机构，纯粹机械地实现感测和致动。特别地，所提出的夹持器中的卡通双稳态结构允许我们降低机构的复杂性，控制，感测设计，因为抓握和感测行为是完全被动的。一旦夹持器的触发位置触及物体并施加足够的力，抓握行为就会自动激励。为了用各种型材抓住物体，所提出的粮食软夹具（GSG）设计为能够包封，夹紧和持续爪。夹具由腔掌，棕榈帽和三个手指组成。首先，分析夹具的设计。然后，在构造理论模型之后，进行有限元（FE）仿真以验证构建的模型。最后，进行了一系列掌握实验，以评估所提出的夹持器对抓握和感测的卡通行为。实验结果说明了所提出的夹持器可以操纵各种柔软和刚性物体，并且即使它承担外部干扰，也可以保持稳定。

Robotic hands with soft surfaces can perform stable grasping, but the high friction of the soft surfaces makes it difficult to release objects, or to perform operations that require sliding. To solve this issue, we previously developed a contact area variable surface (CAVS), whose friction changed according to the load. However, only our fundamental results were previously presented, with detailed analyses not provided. In this study, we first investigated the CAVS friction anisotropy, and demonstrated that the longitudinal direction exhibited a larger ratio of friction change. Next, we proposed a sensible CAVS, capable of providing a variable-friction mechanism, and tested its sensing and control systems in operations requiring switching between sliding and stable-grasping modes. Friction sensing was performed using an embedded camera, and we developed a gripper using the sensible CAVS, considering the CAVS friction anisotropy. In CAVS, the low-friction mode corresponds to a small grasping force, while the high-friction mode corresponds to a greater grasping force. Therefore, by controlling only the friction mode, the gripper mode can be set to either the sliding or stable-grasping mode. Based on this feature, a methodology for controlling the contact mode was constructed. We demonstrated a manipulation involving sliding and stable grasping, and thus verified the efficacy of the developed sensible CAVS.

Fruit harvesting has recently experienced a shift towards soft grippers that possess compliance, adaptability, and delicacy. In this context, pneumatic grippers are popular, due to provision of high deformability and compliance, however they typically possess limited grip strength. Jamming possesses strong grip capability, however has limited deformability and often requires the object to be pushed onto a surface to attain a grip. This paper describes a hybrid gripper combining pneumatics (for deformation) and jamming (for grip strength). Our gripper utilises a torus (donut) structure with two chambers controlled by pneumatic and vacuum pressure respectively, to conform around a target object. The gripper displays good adaptability, exploiting pneumatics to mould to the shape of the target object where jamming can be successfully harnessed to grip. The main contribution of the paper is design, fabrication, and characterisation of the first hybrid gripper that can use granular jamming in free space, achieving significantly larger retention forces compared to pure pneumatics. We test our gripper on a range of different sizes and shapes, as well as picking a broad range of real fruit.

意识到高性能软机器人抓手是具有挑战性的，因为软执行器和人造肌肉的固有局限性。尽管现有的软机器人抓手表现出可接受的性能，但他们的设计和制造仍然是一个空旷的问题。本文探索了扭曲的弦乐执行器（TSA），以驱动软机器人抓手。 TSA已被广泛用于众多机器人应用中，但它们包含在软机器人中是有限的。提议的抓手设计灵感来自人类手，四个手指和拇指。通过使用拮抗剂TSA，在手指中实现了可调刚度。手指的弯曲角度，驱动速度，阻塞力输出和刚度调整是实验表征的。抓手能够在Kapandji测试中获得6分，并且还可以达到33个Feix Grasp Grasp分类法中的31个。一项比较研究表明，与其他类似抓手相比，提出的抓手表现出等效或卓越的性能。

人类无法访问许多空间，机器人可以帮助传感器和设备提供。这些空间中有许多包含三维通道和不均匀的地形，这些通道对机器人设计和控制构成了挑战。通过同时进行的远处和体材料反转移动的环形机器人有望在这些类型的空间中导航。我们提出了一种新型的柔软的环形机器人，该机器人在充满空气的膜内使用电动设备推动自己推动自己。我们的机器人只需要一个控制信号即可移动，可以符合其环境，并且可以垂直爬上电动机扭矩，该电动机与用来支撑机器人对环境的力无关。我们得出并验证了其运动所涉及的力的模型，并演示了机器人导航迷宫和攀登管道的能力。

软致动器在符合性和形态方面表现出具有很大的优势，用于操纵细腻物体和在密闭空间中的检查。对于可以提供扭转运动的软致动器有一个未满足的需要。放大工作空间并增加自由度。为此目标，我们呈现由硅胶制成的折纸启发的软充气执行器（OSPas）。原型可以输出多于一个旋转的旋转（高达435 {\ DEG}），比以前的同行更大。我们描述了设计和制作方法，构建了运动学模型和仿真模型，并分析和优化参数。最后，我们通过整合到能够同时抓住和提升脆弱或扁平物体的夹具，这是一种能够与扭转致动器的直角拾取和放置物品的多功能机器人，以及柔软的蛇通过扭转致动器的扭转能够改变姿态和方向的机器人。

This study proposed a novel robotic gripper that can achieve grasping and infinite wrist twisting motions using a single actuator. The gripper is equipped with a differential gear mechanism that allows switching between the grasping and twisting motions according to the magnitude of the tip force applied to the finger. The grasping motion is activated when the tip force is below a set value, and the wrist twisting motion is activated when the tip force exceeds this value. "Twist grasping," a special grasping mode that allows the wrapping of a flexible thin object around the fingers of the gripper, can be achieved by the twisting motion. Twist grasping is effective for handling objects with flexible thin parts, such as laminated packaging pouches, that are difficult to grasp using conventional antipodal grasping. In this study, the gripper design is presented, and twist grasping is analyzed. The gripper performance is experimentally validated.

Granular jamming has recently become popular in soft robotics with widespread applications including industrial gripping, surgical robotics and haptics. Previous work has investigated the use of various techniques that exploit the nature of granular physics to improve jamming performance, however this is generally underrepresented in the literature compared to its potential impact. We present the first research that exploits vibration-based fluidisation actively (e.g., during a grip) to elicit bespoke performance from granular jamming grippers. We augment a conventional universal gripper with a computer-controllled audio exciter, which is attached to the gripper via a 3D printed mount, and build an automated test rig to allow large-scale data collection to explore the effects of active vibration. We show that vibration in soft jamming grippers can improve holding strength. In a series of studies, we show that frequency and amplitude of the waveforms are key determinants to performance, and that jamming performance is also dependent on temporal properties of the induced waveform. We hope to encourage further study focused on active vibrational control of jamming in soft robotics to improve performance and increase diversity of potential applications.

Everting, soft growing vine robots benefit from reduced friction with their environment, which allows them to navigate challenging terrain. Vine robots can use air pouches attached to their sides for lateral steering. However, when all pouches are serially connected, the whole robot can only perform one constant curvature in free space. It must contact the environment to navigate through obstacles along paths with multiple turns. This work presents a multi-segment vine robot that can navigate complex paths without interacting with its environment. This is achieved by a new steering method that selectively actuates each single pouch at the tip, providing high degrees of freedom with few control inputs. A small magnetic valve connects each pouch to a pressure supply line. A motorized tip mount uses an interlocking mechanism and motorized rollers on the outer material of the vine robot. As each valve passes through the tip mount, a permanent magnet inside the tip mount opens the valve so the corresponding pouch is connected to the pressure supply line at the same moment. Novel cylindrical pneumatic artificial muscles (cPAMs) are integrated into the vine robot and inflate to a cylindrical shape for improved bending characteristics compared to other state-of-the art vine robots. The motorized tip mount controls a continuous eversion speed and enables controlled retraction. A final prototype was able to repeatably grow into different shapes and hold these shapes. We predict the path using a model that assumes a piecewise constant curvature along the outside of the multi-segment vine robot. The proposed multi-segment steering method can be extended to other soft continuum robot designs.

由于柔软的机器人越来越多地在需要高度和受控接触力的环境中使用，最近的研究表明，使用软机器人来估计或本质上感应而不需要外部传感机制。虽然这主要被示出在肌腱的连续管道机构或包括推拉杆致动的可变形机器人，但由于高致动变异性和非线性机械系统响应，流体驱动器仍然造成巨大挑战。在这项工作中，我们调查液压，并联软机器人至本质上的能力和随后控制接触力。导出了一种综合算法，用于静态，准静态和动态力感测，依赖于系统的流体体积和压力信息。该算法验证了单一自由度软流体致动器。结果表明，在准静态配置中，可以在验证范围内的验证范围内的0.56±0.66n的精度下估计作用在单个致动器上的轴向力。力传感方法应用于在单个致动器中强制控制以及耦合的并联机器人。可以看出，两种系统可以准确地控制力，以在多自由度平行软机器人的情况下控制定向接触力的能力。

This letter proposes a novel single-fingered reconfigurable robotic gripper for grasping objects in narrow working spaces. The finger of the developed gripper realizes two configurations, namely, the insertion and grasping modes, using only a single motor. In the insertion mode, the finger assumes a thin shape such that it can insert its tip into a narrow space. The grasping mode of the finger is activated through a folding mechanism. Mode switching can be achieved in two ways: switching the mode actively by a motor, or combining passive rotation of the fingertip through contact with the support surface and active motorized construction of the claw. The latter approach is effective when it is unclear how much finger insertion is required for a specific task. The structure provides a simple control scheme. The performance of the proposed robotic gripper design and control methodology was experimentally evaluated. The minimum width of the insertion space required to grasp an object is 4 mm (1 mm, when using a strategy).

本文介绍了镜子和透明对象的正常估计方法，这很难用相机识别。为了产生漫反射表面，我们建议将水蒸气喷射到透明或镜面上。在所提出的方法中，我们将配备在机器人臂的尖端上的超声波加湿器移动，以将喷射的水蒸汽施加到目标物体的平面上，以形成交叉形雾区域。漫反射表面部分地产生为迷雾区域，允许相机检测目标对象的表面。调整夹持器安装相机的观点，使得提取的雾区域看起来是图像中最大的，最后估计目标物体表面的平面法线。我们进行了正常的估计实验，以评估所提出的方法的有效性。镜子和透明玻璃的方位角估计的RMSE分别为约4.2和5.8度。因此，我们的机器人实验表明，我们的机器人刮水器可以执行用于清洁透明窗口作为人类的接触力调节的擦拭运动。

与传统的刚性机器人相比，由于合规性，安全性和低成本，软机器人由于其优点而引起了越来越多的关注。作为软机器人的重要组成部分，软机器人夹具还显示出其优越的同时抓住具有不规则形状的物体。已经进行了最近的研究，以通过调整可变有效长度（VEL）来改善其抓握性能。然而，通过多室设计或可调刚度形状记忆材料实现的Vel需要复杂的气动电路设计或耗时的相变过程。这项工作提出了一种由3D印刷灯丝，忍者克朗的折叠式软机器人执行器。它是通过高速模型进行实验测试和表示的。进行数学和有限元建模，以研究所提出的软致动器的弯曲行为。此外，提出了一种拮抗约束机制来实现VEL，并且实验表明实现了更好的符合性。最后，设计了一种双模夹具，以展示Vel对抓取性能的进步。

视觉的触觉传感器由于经济实惠的高分辨率摄像机和成功的计算机视觉技术而被出现为机器人触摸的有希望的方法。但是，它们的物理设计和他们提供的信息尚不符合真实应用的要求。我们提供了一种名为Insight的强大，柔软，低成本，视觉拇指大小的3D触觉传感器：它不断在其整个圆锥形感测表面上提供定向力分布图。围绕内部单眼相机构造，传感器仅在刚性框架上仅成型一层弹性体，以保证灵敏度，鲁棒性和软接触。此外，Insight是第一个使用准直器将光度立体声和结构光混合的系统来检测其易于更换柔性外壳的3D变形。通过将图像映射到3D接触力的空间分布（正常和剪切）的深神经网络推断力信息。洞察力在0.4毫米的总空间分辨率，力量幅度精度约为0.03 n，并且对于具有不同接触面积的多个不同触点，在0.03-2 n的范围内的5度大约5度的力方向精度。呈现的硬件和软件设计概念可以转移到各种机器人部件。

我们提出了一个本体感受的远程操作系统，该系统使用反身握把算法来增强拾取任务的速度和稳健性。该系统由两个使用准直接驱动驱动的操纵器组成，以提供高度透明的力反馈。末端效应器具有双峰力传感器，可测量3轴力信息和2维接触位置。此信息用于防滑和重新磨碎反射。当用户与所需对象接触时，重新抓紧反射将抓地力的手指与对象上的抗肌点对齐，以最大程度地提高抓握稳定性。反射仅需150毫秒即可纠正用户选择的不准确的grasps，因此用户的运动仅受到Re-Grasp的执行的最小干扰。一旦建立了抗焦点接触，抗滑动反射将确保抓地力施加足够的正常力来防止物体从抓地力中滑出。本体感受器的操纵器和反射抓握的结合使用户可以高速完成远程操作的任务。

Robotic tactile sensing provides a method of recognizing objects and their properties where vision fails. Prior work on tactile perception in robotic manipulation has frequently focused on exploratory procedures (EPs). However, the also-human-inspired technique of in-hand-manipulation can glean rich data in a fraction of the time of EPs. We propose a simple 3-DOF robotic hand design, optimized for object rolling tasks via a variable-width palm and associated control system. This system dynamically adjusts the distance between the finger bases in response to object behavior. Compared to fixed finger bases, this technique significantly increases the area of the object that is exposed to finger-mounted tactile arrays during a single rolling motion (an increase of over 60% was observed for a cylinder with a 30-millimeter diameter). In addition, this paper presents a feature extraction algorithm for the collected spatiotemporal dataset, which focuses on object corner identification, analysis, and compact representation. This technique drastically reduces the dimensionality of each data sample from 10 x 1500 time series data to 80 features, which was further reduced by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to 22 components. An ensemble subspace k-nearest neighbors (KNN) classification model was trained with 90 observations on rolling three different geometric objects, resulting in a three-fold cross-validation accuracy of 95.6% for object shape recognition.

在现代制造环境中，对接触式任务的需求正在迅速增长。但是，很少有传统的机器人组装技能考虑任务执行过程中的环境限制，并且大多数人将这些限制作为终止条件。在这项研究中，我们提出了基于推动的混合位置/力组装技能，该技能可以在任务执行过程中最大化环境限制。据我们所知，这是在执行程序集任务期间使用推动操作考虑的第一项工作。我们已经证明，我们的技能可以使用移动操纵器系统组装任务实验最大化环境约束的利用，并在执行中实现100 \％的成功率。

虽然在各种应用中广泛使用刚性机器人，但它们在他们可以执行的任务中受到限制，并且在密切的人机交互中可以保持不安全。另一方面，软机器鞋面超越了刚性机器人的能力，例如与工作环境，自由度，自由度，制造成本和与环境安全互动的兼容性。本文研究了纤维增强弹性机壳（释放）作为一种特定类型的软气动致动器的行为，可用于软装饰器。创建动态集参数模型以在各种操作条件下模拟单一免费的运动，并通知控制器的设计。所提出的PID控制器使用旋转角度来控制多项式函数之后的自由到限定的步进输入或轨迹的响应来控制末端执行器的方向。另外，采用有限元分析方法，包括释放的固有非线性材料特性，精确地评估释放的各种参数和配置。该工具还用于确定模块中多个释放的工作空间，这基本上是软机械臂的构建块。