科学和工程学的进步通常揭示了最初用于理解，预测和控制现象的经典方法的局限性。随着进步，通常必须重新评估概念类别，以更好地跟踪最近在学科中发现的不变性。完善框架并解决学科之间的界限是至关重要的，以便它们更好地促进而不是限制实验方法和能力。在本文中，我们讨论了发育生物学，计算机科学和机器人技术的交集问题。在生物机器人的背景下，我们探索了概念，信息和生命科学的最新进展所驱动的概念和以前不同领域的变化。本文中，每个作者都提供了自己对该主题的看法，并由他们自己的纪律培训构成。我们认为，与计算一样，发育生物学和机器人技术的某些方面与特定材料无关。相反，这些领域的一致性可以帮助阐明多尺度控制，自组装以及形式与功能之间的关系。我们希望由于克服技术局限性而引起的界限，可以出现新的领域，从而将实际应用从再生医学到有用的合成生命机器。

The applicability of computational models to the biological world is an active topic of debate. We argue that a useful path forward results from abandoning hard boundaries between categories and adopting an observer-dependent, pragmatic view. Such a view dissolves the contingent dichotomies driven by human cognitive biases (e.g., tendency to oversimplify) and prior technological limitations in favor of a more continuous, gradualist view necessitated by the study of evolution, developmental biology, and intelligent machines. Efforts to re-shape living systems for biomedical or bioengineering purposes require prediction and control of their function at multiple scales. This is challenging for many reasons, one of which is that living systems perform multiple functions in the same place at the same time. We refer to this as "polycomputing" - the ability of the same substrate to simultaneously compute different things. This ability is an important way in which living things are a kind of computer, but not the familiar, linear, deterministic kind; rather, living things are computers in the broad sense of computational materials as reported in the rapidly-growing physical computing literature. We argue that an observer-centered framework for the computations performed by evolved and designed systems will improve the understanding of meso-scale events, as it has already done at quantum and relativistic scales. Here, we review examples of biological and technological polycomputing, and develop the idea that overloading of different functions on the same hardware is an important design principle that helps understand and build both evolved and designed systems. Learning to hack existing polycomputing substrates, as well as evolve and design new ones, will have massive impacts on regenerative medicine, robotics, and computer engineering.

讨论了与科学，工程，建筑和人为因素相关的月球表面上的运输设施问题。未来十年制造的后勤决策可能对财务成功至关重要。除了概述一些问题及其与数学和计算的关系外，本文还为决策者，科学家和工程师提供了有用的资源。

2021年8月，圣达菲研究所举办了一个关于集体智力的研讨会，是智力项目基础的一部分。该项目旨在通过促进智能性质的跨学科研究来推进人工智能领域。该研讨会汇集了计算机科学家，生物学家，哲学家，社会科学家和其他人，以分享他们对多种代理人之间的互动产生的洞察力的见解 - 是否这些代理商是机器，动物或人类。在本报告中，我们总结了每个会谈和随后的讨论。我们还借出了许多关键主题，并确定未来研究的重要前沿。

Artificial life is a research field studying what processes and properties define life, based on a multidisciplinary approach spanning the physical, natural and computational sciences. Artificial life aims to foster a comprehensive study of life beyond "life as we know it" and towards "life as it could be", with theoretical, synthetic and empirical models of the fundamental properties of living systems. While still a relatively young field, artificial life has flourished as an environment for researchers with different backgrounds, welcoming ideas and contributions from a wide range of subjects. Hybrid Life is an attempt to bring attention to some of the most recent developments within the artificial life community, rooted in more traditional artificial life studies but looking at new challenges emerging from interactions with other fields. In particular, Hybrid Life focuses on three complementary themes: 1) theories of systems and agents, 2) hybrid augmentation, with augmented architectures combining living and artificial systems, and 3) hybrid interactions among artificial and biological systems. After discussing some of the major sources of inspiration for these themes, we will focus on an overview of the works that appeared in Hybrid Life special sessions, hosted by the annual Artificial Life Conference between 2018 and 2022.

Recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI) has renewed interest in building systems that learn and think like people. Many advances have come from using deep neural networks trained end-to-end in tasks such as object recognition, video games, and board games, achieving performance that equals or even beats humans in some respects. Despite their biological inspiration and performance achievements, these systems differ from human intelligence in crucial ways. We review progress in cognitive science suggesting that truly human-like learning and thinking machines will have to reach beyond current engineering trends in both what they learn, and how they learn it. Specifically, we argue that these machines should (a) build causal models of the world that support explanation and understanding, rather than merely solving pattern recognition problems; (b) ground learning in intuitive theories of physics and psychology, to support and enrich the knowledge that is learned; and (c) harness compositionality and learning-to-learn to rapidly acquire and generalize knowledge to new tasks and situations. We suggest concrete challenges and promising routes towards these goals that can combine the strengths of recent neural network advances with more structured cognitive models.

MetaVerse，巨大的虚拟物理网络空间，为艺术家带来了前所未有的机会，将我们的身体环境的每个角落与数字创造力混合。本文对计算艺术进行了全面的调查，其中七个关键主题与成权相关，描述了混合虚拟物理现实中的新颖艺术品。主题首先涵盖了MetaVerse的建筑元素，例如虚拟场景和字符，听觉，文本元素。接下来，已经反映了诸如沉浸式艺术，机器人艺术和其他用户以其他用户的方法提供了沉浸式艺术，机器人艺术和其他用户中心的若干非凡类型的新颖创作。最后，我们提出了几项研究议程：民主化的计算艺术，数字隐私和搬迁艺术家的安全性，为数字艺术品，技术挑战等等的所有权认可。该调查还担任艺术家和搬迁技术人员的介绍材料，以开始在超现实主义网络空间领域创造。

克里斯·兰顿（Chris Langton）所阐明的人工生命研究的目标是“通过将生活与我们的生活定位在更大的生活中，为理论生物学做出贡献.1）。人工进化系统中对开放式进化的研究和追求证明了这一目标。但是，开放式进化研究受到两个基本问题的阻碍。在人工进化系统中复制开放式的斗争，以及我们只有一个系统（遗传进化）来汲取灵感的事实。在这里，我们认为，文化进化不仅应视为开放式进化系统的另一个现实世界的例子，而且文化进化中看到的独特品质为我们提供了一个新的观点，我们可以从中评估，我们可以评估，我们可以评估，这是我们可以评估的基本属性。并询问有关开放式进化系统的新问题，尤其是关于发展的开放性和从边界到无限进化的过渡。在这里，我们提供了文化作为进化系统的概述，强调了人类文化进化为开放式进化系统的有趣案例，并在（进化）开放式进化的框架下将文化进化化。我们继续提供一组新问题，一旦我们考虑了开放式演变框架内的文化演变，并引入了新见解，我们可能会因为询问这些信息而获得有关进化的开放性的新见解。问题。

最近围绕语言处理模型的复杂性的最新炒作使人们对机器获得了类似人类自然语言的指挥的乐观情绪。人工智能中自然语言理解的领域声称在这一领域取得了长足的进步，但是，在这方面和其他学科中使用“理解”的概念性清晰，使我们很难辨别我们实际上有多近的距离。目前的方法和剩余挑战的全面，跨学科的概述尚待进行。除了语言知识之外，这还需要考虑我们特定于物种的能力，以对，记忆，标签和传达我们（足够相似的）体现和位置经验。此外，测量实际约束需要严格分析当前模型的技术能力，以及对理论可能性和局限性的更深入的哲学反思。在本文中，我将所有这些观点（哲学，认知语言和技术）团结在一起，以揭开达到真实（人类般的）语言理解所涉及的挑战。通过解开当前方法固有的理论假设，我希望说明我们距离实现这一目标的实际程度，如果确实是目标。

空间生物学研究旨在了解太空飞行对生物的根本影响，制定支持深度空间探索的基础知识，最终生物工程航天器和栖息地稳定植物，农作物，微生物，动物和人类的生态系统，为持续的多行星寿命稳定。要提高这些目标，该领域利用了来自星空和地下模拟研究的实验，平台，数据和模型生物。由于研究扩展到低地球轨道之外，实验和平台必须是最大自主，光，敏捷和智能化，以加快知识发现。在这里，我们介绍了由美国国家航空航天局的人工智能，机器学习和建模应用程序组织的研讨会的建议摘要，这些应用程序为这些空间生物学挑战提供了关键解决方案。在未来十年中，将人工智能融入太空生物学领域将深化天空效应的生物学理解，促进预测性建模和分析，支持最大自主和可重复的实验，并有效地管理星载数据和元数据，所有目标使生活能够在深空中茁壮成长。

即将开发我们呼叫所体现的系统的新一代越来越自主和自学习系统。在将这些系统部署到真实上下文中，我们面临各种工程挑战，因为它以有益的方式协调所体现的系统的行为至关重要，确保他们与我们以人为本的社会价值观的兼容性，并且设计可验证安全可靠的人类-Machine互动。我们正在争辩说，引发系统工程将来自嵌入到体现系统的温室，并确保动态联合的可信度，这种情况意识到的情境意识，意图，探索，探险，不断发展，主要是不可预测的，越来越自主的体现系统在不确定，复杂和不可预测的现实世界环境中。我们还识别了许多迫切性的系统挑战，包括可信赖的体现系统，包括强大而人为的AI，认知架构，不确定性量化，值得信赖的自融化以及持续的分析和保证。

This white paper lays out a vision of research and development in the field of artificial intelligence for the next decade (and beyond). Its denouement is a cyber-physical ecosystem of natural and synthetic sense-making, in which humans are integral participants$\unicode{x2014}$what we call ''shared intelligence''. This vision is premised on active inference, a formulation of adaptive behavior that can be read as a physics of intelligence, and which inherits from the physics of self-organization. In this context, we understand intelligence as the capacity to accumulate evidence for a generative model of one's sensed world$\unicode{x2014}$also known as self-evidencing. Formally, this corresponds to maximizing (Bayesian) model evidence, via belief updating over several scales: i.e., inference, learning, and model selection. Operationally, this self-evidencing can be realized via (variational) message passing or belief propagation on a factor graph. Crucially, active inference foregrounds an existential imperative of intelligent systems; namely, curiosity or the resolution of uncertainty. This same imperative underwrites belief sharing in ensembles of agents, in which certain aspects (i.e., factors) of each agent's generative world model provide a common ground or frame of reference. Active inference plays a foundational role in this ecology of belief sharing$\unicode{x2014}$leading to a formal account of collective intelligence that rests on shared narratives and goals. We also consider the kinds of communication protocols that must be developed to enable such an ecosystem of intelligences and motivate the development of a shared hyper-spatial modeling language and transaction protocol, as a first$\unicode{x2014}$and key$\unicode{x2014}$step towards such an ecology.

We are currently unable to specify human goals and societal values in a way that reliably directs AI behavior. Law-making and legal interpretation form a computational engine that converts opaque human values into legible directives. "Law Informs Code" is the research agenda capturing complex computational legal processes, and embedding them in AI. Similar to how parties to a legal contract cannot foresee every potential contingency of their future relationship, and legislators cannot predict all the circumstances under which their proposed bills will be applied, we cannot ex ante specify rules that provably direct good AI behavior. Legal theory and practice have developed arrays of tools to address these specification problems. For instance, legal standards allow humans to develop shared understandings and adapt them to novel situations. In contrast to more prosaic uses of the law (e.g., as a deterrent of bad behavior through the threat of sanction), leveraged as an expression of how humans communicate their goals, and what society values, Law Informs Code. We describe how data generated by legal processes (methods of law-making, statutory interpretation, contract drafting, applications of legal standards, legal reasoning, etc.) can facilitate the robust specification of inherently vague human goals. This increases human-AI alignment and the local usefulness of AI. Toward society-AI alignment, we present a framework for understanding law as the applied philosophy of multi-agent alignment. Although law is partly a reflection of historically contingent political power - and thus not a perfect aggregation of citizen preferences - if properly parsed, its distillation offers the most legitimate computational comprehension of societal values available. If law eventually informs powerful AI, engaging in the deliberative political process to improve law takes on even more meaning.

信号处理是几乎任何传感器系统的基本组件，具有不同科学学科的广泛应用。时间序列数据，图像和视频序列包括可以增强和分析信息提取和量化的代表性形式的信号。人工智能和机器学习的最近进步正在转向智能，数据驱动，信号处理的研究。该路线图呈现了最先进的方法和应用程序的关键概述，旨在突出未来的挑战和对下一代测量系统的研究机会。它涵盖了广泛的主题，从基础到工业研究，以简明的主题部分组织，反映了每个研究领域的当前和未来发展的趋势和影响。此外，它为研究人员和资助机构提供了识别新前景的指导。

虽然AI有利于人类，但如果没有适当发展，它也可能会损害人类。 HCI工作的重点是从与非AI计算系统的传统人类交互转换，以与AI系统交互。我们在HCI视角下开展了高级文献综述，对当前工作的整体分析。我们的审核和分析突出了AI技术引入的新变更以及HCI专业人员在AI系统开发中应用人以人为本的AI（HCAI）方法时，新挑战的新挑战。我们还确定了与AI系统人类互动的七个主要问题，其中HCI专业人员在开发非AI计算系统时没有遇到。为了进一步实现HCAI方法的实施，我们确定了与特定的HCAI驱动的设计目标相关的新的HCI机会，以指导HCI专业人员解决这些新问题。最后，我们对当前HCI方法的评估显示了这些方法支持开发AI系统的局限性。我们提出了可以帮助克服这些局限性的替代方法，并有效帮助HCI专业人员将HCAI方法应用于AI系统的发展。我们还为HCI专业人员提供战略建议，以有效影响利用HCAI方法的AI系统的发展，最终发展HCAI系统。

生命的起源被神秘笼罩着，几乎没有生存线索，被进化竞争所掩盖。先前的评论涉及自上而下和自下而上的合成生物学的互补方法，以增强我们对生活系统的理解。在这里，我们指出这些领域之间的协同作用，尤其是自下而上的合成生物学和生命研究起源之间。我们探讨了与拥挤的细胞，其新陈代谢以及生长和分裂周期以及如何开始合并这些努力的人造细胞隔室取得的最新进展。尽管当前生活的复杂性是其最引人注目的特征之一，但人生的基本特征都不需要它，而且它们从一开始就不太可能出现因此而变得复杂。当前的研究不是通过恢复一个真正的起源而恢复真正的起源，而是通过挑出一组基本组成部分可能产生的复杂性和进化而融合了最小生命的出现。

Digital engineering transformation is a crucial process for the engineering paradigm shifts in the fourth industrial revolution (4IR), and artificial intelligence (AI) is a critical enabling technology in digital engineering transformation. This article discusses the following research questions: What are the fundamental changes in the 4IR? More specifically, what are the fundamental changes in engineering? What is digital engineering? What are the main uncertainties there? What is trustworthy AI? Why is it important today? What are emerging engineering paradigm shifts in the 4IR? What is the relationship between the data-intensive paradigm and digital engineering transformation? What should we do for digitalization? From investigating the pattern of industrial revolutions, this article argues that ubiquitous machine intelligence (uMI) is the defining power brought by the 4IR. Digitalization is a condition to leverage ubiquitous machine intelligence. Digital engineering transformation towards Industry 4.0 has three essential building blocks: digitalization of engineering, leveraging ubiquitous machine intelligence, and building digital trust and security. The engineering design community at large is facing an excellent opportunity to bring the new capabilities of ubiquitous machine intelligence and trustworthy AI principles, as well as digital trust, together in various engineering systems design to ensure the trustworthiness of systems in Industry 4.0.

在迅速增长的海上风电场市场中出现了增加风力涡轮机尺寸和距离的全球趋势。在英国，海上风电业于2019年生产了英国最多的电力，前一年增加了19.6％。目前，英国将进一步增加产量，旨在增加安装的涡轮机容量74.7％，如最近的冠村租赁轮次反映。通过如此巨大的增长，该部门现在正在寻求机器人和人工智能（RAI），以解决生命周期服务障碍，以支持可持续和有利可图的海上风能生产。如今，RAI应用主要用于支持运营和维护的短期目标。然而，前进，RAI在海上风基础设施的全部生命周期中有可能发挥关键作用，从测量，规划，设计，物流，运营支持，培训和退役。本文介绍了离岸可再生能源部门的RAI的第一个系统评论之一。在当前和未来的要求方面，在行业和学术界的离岸能源需求分析了rai的最先进的。我们的评论还包括对支持RAI的投资，监管和技能开发的详细评估。通过专利和学术出版数据库进行详细分析确定的关键趋势，提供了对安全合规性和可靠性的自主平台认证等障碍的见解，这是自主车队中可扩展性的数字架构，适应性居民运营和优化的适应性规划人机互动对人与自治助理的信赖伙伴关系。

我们概述了新兴机会和挑战，以提高AI对科学发现的效用。AI为行业的独特目标与AI科学的目标创造了识别模式中的识别模式与来自数据的发现模式之间的紧张。如果我们解决了与域驱动的科学模型和数据驱动的AI学习机之间的“弥补差距”相关的根本挑战，那么我们预计这些AI模型可以改变假说发电，科学发现和科学过程本身。

在流行媒体中，人造代理商的意识出现与同时实现人类或超人水平智力的那些相同的代理之间通常存在联系。在这项工作中，我们探讨了意识和智力之间这种看似直观的联系的有效性和潜在应用。我们通过研究与三种当代意识功能理论相关的认知能力：全球工作空间理论（GWT），信息生成理论（IGT）和注意力模式理论（AST）。我们发现，这三种理论都将有意识的功能专门与人类领域将军智力的某些方面联系起来。有了这个见解，我们转向人工智能领域（AI），发现尽管远未证明一般智能，但许多最先进的深度学习方法已经开始纳入三个功能的关键方面理论。确定了这一趋势后，我们以人类心理时间旅行的激励例子来提出方式，其中三种理论中每种理论的见解都可以合并为一个单一的统一和可实施的模型。鉴于三种功能理论中的每一种都可以通过认知能力来实现这一可能，因此，具有精神时间旅行的人造代理不仅具有比当前方法更大的一般智力，而且还与我们当前对意识功能作用的理解更加一致在人类中，这使其成为AI研究的有希望的近期目标。