我们从算法的角度研究了$ \ varepsilon $ - 扰动耐受性对对称张量分解的影响。更确切地说，我们证明了以下问题的定理和设计算法：假设一个真正的对称$ d $ -tensor $ f $，norm $ ||。 Varepsilon> 0 $关于$ ||。| $的错误公差。在$ \ varepsilon $ -F $的$ \ varepsilon $中，最小的对称张量排名是多少？换句话说，在巧妙的$ \ varepsilon $ - 奔放之后，$ f $的对称张量排名是什么？我们提供两种不同的理论界限和三种算法，用于近似对称张量等级估计。我们的第一个结果是$ L_P $ -NORMS的情况的随机能量增量算法。我们的第二个结果是一种简单的基于采样的算法，灵感来自几何功能分析中的某些技术，可用于任何规范。在Hilbert-Schmidt Norm的情况下，我们还提供了一种补充算法。我们所有的算法都有严格的复杂性估计值，这反过来又产生了我们的两个主要定理在对称张量等级上，并具有$ \ varepsilon $ - 宽容的室。我们还通过对能量增量算法的初步实现进行了报告。

We study the problem of finding elements in the intersection of an arbitrary conic variety in $\mathbb{F}^n$ with a given linear subspace (where $\mathbb{F}$ can be the real or complex field). This problem captures a rich family of algorithmic problems under different choices of the variety. The special case of the variety consisting of rank-1 matrices already has strong connections to central problems in different areas like quantum information theory and tensor decompositions. This problem is known to be NP-hard in the worst-case, even for the variety of rank-1 matrices. Surprisingly, despite these hardness results we give efficient algorithms that solve this problem for "typical" subspaces. Here, the subspace $U \subseteq \mathbb{F}^n$ is chosen generically of a certain dimension, potentially with some generic elements of the variety contained in it. Our main algorithmic result is a polynomial time algorithm that recovers all the elements of $U$ that lie in the variety, under some mild non-degeneracy assumptions on the variety. As corollaries, we obtain the following results: $\bullet$ Uniqueness results and polynomial time algorithms for generic instances of a broad class of low-rank decomposition problems that go beyond tensor decompositions. Here, we recover a decomposition of the form $\sum_{i=1}^R v_i \otimes w_i$, where the $v_i$ are elements of the given variety $X$. This implies new algorithmic results even in the special case of tensor decompositions. $\bullet$ Polynomial time algorithms for several entangled subspaces problems in quantum entanglement, including determining $r$-entanglement, complete entanglement, and genuine entanglement of a subspace. While all of these problems are NP-hard in the worst case, our algorithm solves them in polynomial time for generic subspaces of dimension up to a constant multiple of the maximum possible.

Low-rank matrix approximations, such as the truncated singular value decomposition and the rank-revealing QR decomposition, play a central role in data analysis and scientific computing. This work surveys and extends recent research which demonstrates that randomization offers a powerful tool for performing low-rank matrix approximation. These techniques exploit modern computational architectures more fully than classical methods and open the possibility of dealing with truly massive data sets.This paper presents a modular framework for constructing randomized algorithms that compute partial matrix decompositions. These methods use random sampling to identify a subspace that captures most of the action of a matrix. The input matrix is then compressed-either explicitly or implicitly-to this subspace, and the reduced matrix is manipulated deterministically to obtain the desired low-rank factorization. In many cases, this approach beats its classical competitors in terms of accuracy, speed, and robustness. These claims are supported by extensive numerical experiments and a detailed error analysis.The specific benefits of randomized techniques depend on the computational environment. Consider the model problem of finding the k dominant components of the singular value decomposition of an m × n matrix. (i) For a dense input matrix, randomized algorithms require O(mn log(k)) floating-point operations (flops) in contrast with O(mnk) for classical algorithms. (ii) For a sparse input matrix, the flop count matches classical Krylov subspace methods, but the randomized approach is more robust and can easily be reorganized to exploit multi-processor architectures. (iii) For a matrix that is too large to fit in fast memory, the randomized techniques require only a constant number of passes over the data, as opposed to O(k) passes for classical algorithms. In fact, it is sometimes possible to perform matrix approximation with a single pass over the data.

我们研究了在存在$ \ epsilon $ - 对抗异常值的高维稀疏平均值估计的问题。先前的工作为此任务获得了该任务的样本和计算有效算法，用于辅助性Subgaussian分布。在这项工作中，我们开发了第一个有效的算法，用于强大的稀疏平均值估计，而没有对协方差的先验知识。对于$ \ Mathbb r^d $上的分布，带有“认证有限”的$ t $ tum-矩和足够轻的尾巴，我们的算法达到了$ o（\ epsilon^{1-1/t}）$带有样品复杂性$的错误（\ epsilon^{1-1/t}） m =（k \ log（d））^{o（t）}/\ epsilon^{2-2/t} $。对于高斯分布的特殊情况，我们的算法达到了$ \ tilde o（\ epsilon）$的接近最佳错误，带有样品复杂性$ m = o（k^4 \ mathrm {polylog}（d）（d））/\ epsilon^^ 2 $。我们的算法遵循基于方形的总和，对算法方法的证明。我们通过统计查询和低度多项式测试的下限来补充上限，提供了证据，表明我们算法实现的样本时间 - 错误权衡在质量上是最好的。

Tensor decomposition serves as a powerful primitive in statistics and machine learning. In this paper, we focus on using power iteration to decompose an overcomplete random tensor. Past work studying the properties of tensor power iteration either requires a non-trivial data-independent initialization, or is restricted to the undercomplete regime. Moreover, several papers implicitly suggest that logarithmically many iterations (in terms of the input dimension) are sufficient for the power method to recover one of the tensor components. In this paper, we analyze the dynamics of tensor power iteration from random initialization in the overcomplete regime. Surprisingly, we show that polynomially many steps are necessary for convergence of tensor power iteration to any of the true component, which refutes the previous conjecture. On the other hand, our numerical experiments suggest that tensor power iteration successfully recovers tensor components for a broad range of parameters, despite that it takes at least polynomially many steps to converge. To further complement our empirical evidence, we prove that a popular objective function for tensor decomposition is strictly increasing along the power iteration path. Our proof is based on the Gaussian conditioning technique, which has been applied to analyze the approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm. The major ingredient of our argument is a conditioning lemma that allows us to generalize AMP-type analysis to non-proportional limit and polynomially many iterations of the power method.

This paper is about a curious phenomenon. Suppose we have a data matrix, which is the superposition of a low-rank component and a sparse component. Can we recover each component individually? We prove that under some suitable assumptions, it is possible to recover both the low-rank and the sparse components exactly by solving a very convenient convex program called Principal Component Pursuit; among all feasible decompositions, simply minimize a weighted combination of the nuclear norm and of the 1 norm. This suggests the possibility of a principled approach to robust principal component analysis since our methodology and results assert that one can recover the principal components of a data matrix even though a positive fraction of its entries are arbitrarily corrupted. This extends to the situation where a fraction of the entries are missing as well. We discuss an algorithm for solving this optimization problem, and present applications in the area of video surveillance, where our methodology allows for the detection of objects in a cluttered background, and in the area of face recognition, where it offers a principled way of removing shadows and specularities in images of faces.

在负面的感知问题中，我们给出了$ n $数据点$（{\ boldsymbol x} _i，y_i）$，其中$ {\ boldsymbol x} _i $是$ d $ -densional vector和$ y_i \ in \ { + 1，-1 \} $是二进制标签。数据不是线性可分离的，因此我们满足自己的内容，以找到最大的线性分类器，具有最大的\ emph {否定}余量。换句话说，我们想找到一个单位常规矢量$ {\ boldsymbol \ theta} $，最大化$ \ min_ {i \ le n} y_i \ langle {\ boldsymbol \ theta}，{\ boldsymbol x} _i \ rangle $ 。这是一个非凸优化问题（它相当于在Polytope中找到最大标准矢量），我们在两个随机模型下研究其典型属性。我们考虑比例渐近，其中$ n，d \ to \ idty $以$ n / d \ to \ delta $，并在最大边缘$ \ kappa _ {\ text {s}}（\ delta）上证明了上限和下限）$或 - 等效 - 在其逆函数$ \ delta _ {\ text {s}}（\ kappa）$。换句话说，$ \ delta _ {\ text {s}}（\ kappa）$是overparametization阈值：以$ n / d \ le \ delta _ {\ text {s}}（\ kappa） - \ varepsilon $一个分类器实现了消失的训练错误，具有高概率，而以$ n / d \ ge \ delta _ {\ text {s}}（\ kappa）+ \ varepsilon $。我们在$ \ delta _ {\ text {s}}（\ kappa）$匹配，以$ \ kappa \ to - \ idty $匹配。然后，我们分析了线性编程算法来查找解决方案，并表征相应的阈值$ \ delta _ {\ text {lin}}（\ kappa）$。我们观察插值阈值$ \ delta _ {\ text {s}}（\ kappa）$和线性编程阈值$ \ delta _ {\ text {lin {lin}}（\ kappa）$之间的差距，提出了行为的问题其他算法。

This work considers a computationally and statistically efficient parameter estimation method for a wide class of latent variable models-including Gaussian mixture models, hidden Markov models, and latent Dirichlet allocation-which exploits a certain tensor structure in their low-order observable moments (typically, of second-and third-order). Specifically, parameter estimation is reduced to the problem of extracting a certain (orthogonal) decomposition of a symmetric tensor derived from the moments; this decomposition can be viewed as a natural generalization of the singular value decomposition for matrices. Although tensor decompositions are generally intractable to compute, the decomposition of these specially structured tensors can be efficiently obtained by a variety of approaches, including power iterations and maximization approaches (similar to the case of matrices). A detailed analysis of a robust tensor power method is provided, establishing an analogue of Wedin's perturbation theorem for the singular vectors of matrices. This implies a robust and computationally tractable estimation approach for several popular latent variable models.

我们开发了第一个快速频谱算法，用于分解$ \ mathbb {r}^d $排名到$ o的随机三阶张量。我们的算法仅涉及简单的线性代数操作，并且可以在当前矩阵乘法时间下在时间$ o（d^{6.05}）$中恢复所有组件。在这项工作之前，只能通过方形的总和[MA，Shi，Steurer 2016]实现可比的保证。相反，快速算法[Hopkins，Schramm，Shi，Steurer 2016]只能分解排名最多的张量（D^{4/3}/\ text {polylog}（d））$。我们的算法结果取决于两种关键成分。将三阶张量的清洁提升到六阶张量，可以用张量网络的语言表示。将张量网络仔细分解为一系列矩形矩阵乘法，这使我们能够快速实现该算法。

我们研究了用于线性回归的主动采样算法，该算法仅旨在查询目标向量$ b \ in \ mathbb {r} ^ n $的少量条目，并将近最低限度输出到$ \ min_ {x \ In \ mathbb {r} ^ d} \ | ax-b \ | $，其中$ a \ in \ mathbb {r} ^ {n \ times d} $是一个设计矩阵和$ \ | \ cdot \ | $是一些损失函数。对于$ \ ell_p $ norm回归的任何$ 0 <p <\ idty $，我们提供了一种基于Lewis权重采样的算法，其使用只需$ \ tilde {o}输出$（1+ \ epsilon）$近似解决方案（d ^ {\ max（1，{p / 2}）} / \ mathrm {poly}（\ epsilon））$查询到$ b $。我们表明，这一依赖于$ D $是最佳的，直到对数因素。我们的结果解决了陈和Derezi的最近开放问题，陈和Derezi \'{n} Ski，他们为$ \ ell_1 $ norm提供了附近的最佳界限，以及$ p \中的$ \ ell_p $回归的次优界限（1,2） $。我们还提供了$ O的第一个总灵敏度上限（D ^ {\ max \ {1，p / 2 \} \ log ^ 2 n）$以满足最多的$ p $多项式增长。这改善了Tukan，Maalouf和Feldman的最新结果。通过将此与我们的技术组合起来的$ \ ell_p $回归结果，我们获得了一个使$ \ tilde o的活动回归算法（d ^ {1+ \ max \ {1，p / 2 \}} / \ mathrm {poly}。 （\ epsilon））$疑问，回答陈和德里兹的另一个打开问题{n}滑雪。对于Huber损失的重要特殊情况，我们进一步改善了我们对$ \ tilde o的主动样本复杂性的绑定（d ^ {（1+ \ sqrt2）/ 2} / \ epsilon ^ c）$和非活跃$ \ tilde o的样本复杂性（d ^ {4-2 \ sqrt 2} / \ epsilon ^ c）$，由于克拉克森和伍德拉夫而改善了Huber回归的以前的D ^ 4 $。我们的敏感性界限具有进一步的影响，使用灵敏度采样改善了各种先前的结果，包括orlicz规范子空间嵌入和鲁棒子空间近似。最后，我们的主动采样结果为每种$ \ ell_p $ norm提供的第一个Sublinear时间算法。

在本文中，我们研究了与具有多种激活函数的浅神经网络相对应的变异空间的近似特性。我们介绍了两个主要工具，用于估计这些空间的度量熵，近似率和$ n $宽度。首先，我们介绍了平滑参数化词典的概念，并在非线性近似速率，度量熵和$ n $ widths上给出了上限。上限取决于参数化的平滑度。该结果适用于与浅神经网络相对应的脊功能的字典，并且在许多情况下它们的现有结果改善了。接下来，我们提供了一种方法，用于下限度量熵和$ n $ widths的变化空间，其中包含某些类别的山脊功能。该结果给出了$ l^2 $ approximation速率，度量熵和$ n $ widths的变化空间的急剧下限具有界变化的乙状结激活函数。

通过梯度流优化平均平衡误差，研究了功能空间中神经网络的动态。我们认为，在underParameterized制度中，网络了解由与其特征值对应的率的神经切线内核（NTK）确定的整体运算符$ t_ {k ^ \ infty} $的特征功能。例如，对于SPENTE $ S ^ {D-1} $和旋转不变的权重分配的均匀分布式数据，$ t_ {k ^ \ infty} $的特征函数是球形谐波。我们的结果可以理解为描述interparameterized制度中的光谱偏压。证据使用“阻尼偏差”的概念，其中NTK物质对具有由于阻尼因子的发生而具有大特征值的特征的偏差。除了下公共条例的制度之外，阻尼偏差可用于跟踪过度分辨率设置中经验风险的动态，允许我们在文献中延长某些结果。我们得出结论，阻尼偏差在优化平方误差时提供了动态的简单和统一的视角。

我们考虑在只能计算出L2-核的加权蒙特卡洛估计值时，在L2的一般非线性子集中近似函数的问题。在这种情况下特别感兴趣的是样本复杂性的概念，即以高概率实现规定误差所需的样品点数。该数量的合理最坏情况仅适用于L2的特定子集，例如线性空间或一组稀疏向量。对于更通用的子集，例如张量网络，当前现有的界限非常悲观。通过将模型类限制为最佳近似的邻域，我们可以为样品复杂性得出改善的最差案例边界。当被考虑的邻域是具有正局部覆盖范围的多种歧视时，可以通过切线空间的样品复杂性以及正常空间的样品复杂性和歧管曲率的样品复杂性来估计样品复杂性。

本文为信号去噪提供了一般交叉验证框架。然后将一般框架应用于非参数回归方法，例如趋势过滤和二元推车。然后显示所得到的交叉验证版本以获得最佳调谐的类似物所熟知的几乎相同的收敛速度。没有任何先前的趋势过滤或二元推车的理论分析。为了说明框架的一般性，我们还提出并研究了两个基本估算器的交叉验证版本;套索用于高维线性回归和矩阵估计的奇异值阈值阈值。我们的一般框架是由Chatterjee和Jafarov（2015）的想法的启发，并且可能适用于使用调整参数的广泛估算方法。

我们研究了用$ q $ modes $ a \ in \ mathbb {r}^{n \ times \ ldots \ times n} $的近似给定张量的问题。图$ g =（v，e）$，其中$ | v | = q $，以及张张量的集合$ \ {u_v \ mid v \ in v \} $，以$ g $指定的方式收缩以获取张量$ t $。对于$ u_v $的每种模式，对应于$ v $的边缘事件，尺寸为$ k $，我们希望找到$ u_v $，以便最小化$ t $和$ a $之间的frobenius norm距离。这概括了许多众所周知的张量网络分解，例如张量列，张量环，塔克和PEPS分解。我们大约是二进制树网络$ t'$带有$ o（q）$核的大约$ a $，因此该网络的每个边缘上的尺寸最多是$ \ widetilde {o}（k^{o（dt） } \ cdot q/\ varepsilon）$，其中$ d $是$ g $的最大度，$ t $是其树宽，因此$ \ | a -t'-t'\ | _f^2 \ leq（1 + \ Varepsilon）\ | a -t \ | _f^2 $。我们算法的运行时间为$ o（q \ cdot \ text {nnz}（a）） + n \ cdot \ text {poly}（k^{dt} q/\ varepsilon）$，其中$ \ text {nnz }（a）$是$ a $的非零条目的数量。我们的算法基于一种可能具有独立感兴趣的张量分解的新维度降低技术。我们还开发了固定参数可处理的$（1 + \ varepsilon）$ - 用于张量火车和塔克分解的近似算法，改善了歌曲的运行时间，Woodruff和Zhong（Soda，2019），并避免使用通用多项式系统求解器。我们表明，我们的算法对$ 1/\ varepsilon $具有几乎最佳的依赖性，假设没有$ O（1）$ - 近似算法的$ 2 \至4 $ norm，并且运行时间比蛮力更好。最后，我们通过可靠的损失函数和固定参数可拖动CP分解给出了塔克分解的其他结果。

We consider a problem of considerable practical interest: the recovery of a data matrix from a sampling of its entries. Suppose that we observe m entries selected uniformly at random from a matrix M . Can we complete the matrix and recover the entries that we have not seen?We show that one can perfectly recover most low-rank matrices from what appears to be an incomplete set of entries. We prove that if the number m of sampled entries obeys m ≥ C n 1.2 r log n for some positive numerical constant C, then with very high probability, most n × n matrices of rank r can be perfectly recovered by solving a simple convex optimization program. This program finds the matrix with minimum nuclear norm that fits the data. The condition above assumes that the rank is not too large. However, if one replaces the 1.2 exponent with 1.25, then the result holds for all values of the rank. Similar results hold for arbitrary rectangular matrices as well. Our results are connected with the recent literature on compressed sensing, and show that objects other than signals and images can be perfectly reconstructed from very limited information.

The affine rank minimization problem consists of finding a matrix of minimum rank that satisfies a given system of linear equality constraints. Such problems have appeared in the literature of a diverse set of fields including system identification and control, Euclidean embedding, and collaborative filtering. Although specific instances can often be solved with specialized algorithms, the general affine rank minimization problem is NP-hard, because it contains vector cardinality minimization as a special case.In this paper, we show that if a certain restricted isometry property holds for the linear transformation defining the constraints, the minimum rank solution can be recovered by solving a convex optimization problem, namely the minimization of the nuclear norm over the given affine space. We present several random ensembles of equations where the restricted isometry property holds with overwhelming probability, provided the codimension of the subspace is Ω(r(m + n) log mn), where m, n are the dimensions of the matrix, and r is its rank.The techniques used in our analysis have strong parallels in the compressed sensing framework. We discuss how affine rank minimization generalizes this pre-existing concept and outline a dictionary relating concepts from cardinality minimization to those of rank minimization. We also discuss several algorithmic approaches to solving the norm minimization relaxations, and illustrate our results with numerical examples.

算法高斯化是一种现象，当使用随机素描或采样方法生成较小的大数据集的较小表示时，可能会出现的现象：对于某些任务，已经观察到这些草图表示表现出许多可靠的性能特征，这些性能是在数据样本中出现的，这些性能来自次高斯随机设计，是一个强大的数据分布统计模型。但是，这种现象仅研究了特定的任务和指标，或依靠计算昂贵的方法。我们通过为平均值提供用于高斯数据分布的算法框架来解决这一问题，并证明可以有效构建几乎无法区分的数据草图（与亚高斯随机设计有关的总变化距离）。特别是，依靠最近引入的素描技术称为杠杆得分稀疏（少）嵌入，我们表明一个人可以构造$ n \ times d $矩阵$ a $的$ n \ times d $ sketch of $ n \ times d $ n \ ll n $，几乎与次高斯设计几乎没有区别$ a $中的非零条目的数量。结果，可以直接适用于我们的草图框架，可直接适用于我们的草图框架。我们通过对草图最小二乘正方形的新近似保证进行了说明。

We consider the problem of estimating the optimal transport map between a (fixed) source distribution $P$ and an unknown target distribution $Q$, based on samples from $Q$. The estimation of such optimal transport maps has become increasingly relevant in modern statistical applications, such as generative modeling. At present, estimation rates are only known in a few settings (e.g. when $P$ and $Q$ have densities bounded above and below and when the transport map lies in a H\"older class), which are often not reflected in practice. We present a unified methodology for obtaining rates of estimation of optimal transport maps in general function spaces. Our assumptions are significantly weaker than those appearing in the literature: we require only that the source measure $P$ satisfies a Poincar\'e inequality and that the optimal map be the gradient of a smooth convex function that lies in a space whose metric entropy can be controlled. As a special case, we recover known estimation rates for bounded densities and H\"older transport maps, but also obtain nearly sharp results in many settings not covered by prior work. For example, we provide the first statistical rates of estimation when $P$ is the normal distribution and the transport map is given by an infinite-width shallow neural network.

尽管有许多有吸引力的财产，但内核方法受到维度的诅咒受到严重影响。例如，在$ \ mathbb {r} ^ d $的内部产品内核的情况下，再现内核希尔伯特空间（RKHS）规范对于依赖于小方向子集（RIDGE函数）的功能往往非常大。相应地，使用内核方法难以学习这样的功能。这种观察结果有动力研究内核方法的概括，由此rkhs规范 - 它等同于加权$ \ ell_2 $ norm - 被加权函数$ \ ell_p $ norm替换，我们将其称为$ \ mathcal {f} _p $ norm。不幸的是，这些方法的陶油是不清楚的。内核技巧不可用，最大限度地减少这些规范要求解决无限维凸面问题。我们将随机特征近似于这些规范，表明，对于$ p> 1 $，近似于原始学习问题所需的随机功能的数量是由样本大小的多项式的上限。因此，使用$ \ mathcal {f} _p $ norms在这些情况下是易行的。我们介绍了一种基于双重均匀浓度的证明技术，这可以对超分子化模型的研究更广泛。对于$ p = 1 $，我们对随机功能的保证近似分解。我们证明了使用$ \ mathcal {f} _1 $ norm的学习是在随机减少的$ \ mathsf {np} $ - 基于噪音的半个空间问题的问题。