队列研究越来越多地使用加速度计进行体育活动和久坐行为估计。这些设备往往比自我报告易于错误，可以全天捕获活动，并且是经济的。但是，在自由生活的情况下和受试者对象变化下，基于髋关节wor的数据估算久坐行为的先前方法通常是无效的或次优的。在本文中，我们提出了一个本地马尔可夫切换模型，该模型考虑了这种情况，并引入了一种姿势分类和久坐行为分析的一般程序，该程序自然适合该模型。我们的方法在时间序列中具有更改点检测方法，也是一个两个阶段分类步骤，将数据标记为3类（坐着，站立，步进）。通过严格的训练测试范例，我们表明我们的方法达到了80％的精度。此外，我们的方法是强大的，易于解释。

脑小血管疾病的成像标记提供了有关脑部健康的宝贵信息，但是它们的手动评估既耗时又受到实质性内部和间际变异性的阻碍。自动化评级可能受益于生物医学研究以及临床评估，但是现有算法的诊断可靠性尚不清楚。在这里，我们介绍了\ textIt {血管病变检测和分割}（\ textit {v textit {where valdo？}）挑战，该挑战是在国际医学图像计算和计算机辅助干预措施（MICCAI）的卫星事件中运行的挑战（MICCAI） 2021.这一挑战旨在促进大脑小血管疾病的小而稀疏成像标记的自动检测和分割方法的开发，即周围空间扩大（EPVS）（任务1），脑微粒（任务2）和预先塑造的鞋类血管起源（任务3），同时利用弱和嘈杂的标签。总体而言，有12个团队参与了针对一个或多个任务的解决方案的挑战（任务1 -EPVS 4，任务2 -Microbleeds的9个，任务3 -lacunes的6个）。多方数据都用于培训和评估。结果表明，整个团队和跨任务的性能都有很大的差异，对于任务1- EPV和任务2-微型微型且对任务3 -lacunes尚无实际的结果，其结果尤其有望。它还强调了可能阻止个人级别使用的情况的性能不一致，同时仍证明在人群层面上有用。

平衡和步态障碍是跌倒的第二主要原因，随之而来的是伤害，据报道是世界各地的主要公共卫生问题。对于不需要机械支持的患者，纤维触及反馈界面已被证明是恢复平衡的成功方法。大多数现有策略评估躯干或头部倾斜，速度或足底力，仅限于立场的分析。另一方面，平衡控制的中心是需要将身体的压力中心（COP）保持在支撑多边形（SP）的可行限制，如站立或前进到新的SP（如步行中）。因此，本文提出了一项探索性研究，以研究是否可以在步行过程中使用速函反馈来领导人类警察。引入了Ergotac-belt纤维触觉设备，以指示用户在前后轴和中侧轴上的方向。这里采用了一种预期策略，以使用户有足够的时间对刺激做出反应。对十个健康受试者进行的实验证明了该设备沿预定义的参考路径指导用户的COP具有有希望的能力，其性能与视觉反馈相似。未来的发展将调查我们的战略和设备，以指导老年人或前庭障碍的人的警察，他们可能不知道或能够弄清楚安全且人体工程学的COP道路。

反复出现或持续的尴尬身体姿势是与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病（MSD）发展最常见的危险因素之一。为了防止工人采用有害配置，也可以指导他们朝着更符合人体工程学的配置，可穿戴触觉设备可能是理想的解决方案。在本文中，在肢体姿势校正环境中评估了一个称为Ergotac的纤维ac式单元，称为袖口和称为袖口的滑动单元。使用定量与任务相关的指标和主观定量评估，比较了在十二个健康受试者中比较了他们提供单关节（肩膀或膝盖）和多关节（肩膀和膝盖）指导的能力。还建立了一个集成的环境，以简化参与传感器和反馈系统之间的沟通和数据共享。结果显示出两种设备的良好可接受性和直觉。 Ergotac似乎是肩膀的合适反馈装置，而袖口可能是膝盖的有效解决方案。这项比较研究虽然是初步的，但却是对两种设备进行有效全身姿势校正的潜在整合的促进，目的是开发反馈和辅助设备，以提高工人对危险工作条件的认识，从而防止MSD。

In photoacoustic tomography (PAT) with flat sensor, we routinely encounter two types of limited data. The first is due to using a finite sensor and is especially perceptible if the region of interest is large relative to the sensor or located farther away from the sensor. In this paper, we focus on the second type caused by a varying sensitivity of the sensor to the incoming wavefront direction which can be modelled as binary i.e. by a cone of sensitivity. Such visibility conditions result, in the Fourier domain, in a restriction of both the image and the data to a bow-tie, akin to the one corresponding to the range of the forward operator. The visible wavefrontsets in image and data domains, are related by the wavefront direction mapping. We adapt the wedge restricted Curvelet decomposition, we previously proposed for the representation of the full PAT data, to separate the visible and invisible wavefronts in the image. We optimally combine fast approximate operators with tailored deep neural network architectures into efficient learned reconstruction methods which perform reconstruction of the visible coefficients and the invisible coefficients are learned from a training set of similar data.

本文提出了一种移动超级机器人方法，可在人类机器人结合的行动中进行身体援助。该研究从对超人概念的描述开始。这个想法是开发和利用可以遵循人类机器人操作命令的移动协作系统，通过三个主要组件执行工业任务：i）物理界面，ii）人类机器人互动控制器和iii）超级机器人身体。接下来，我们从理论和硬件的角度介绍了框架内的两个可能的实现。第一个系统称为MOCA-MAN，由冗余的扭矩控制机器人组和Omni方向移动平台组成。第二个称为Kairos-Man，由高付费6多速速度控制机器人组和Omni方向移动平台形成。该系统共享相同的接收界面，通过该接口将用户扳手转换为Loco-andipulation命令，该命令由每个系统的全身控制器生成。此外，提出了一个具有多个和跨性别主题的彻底用户研究，以揭示这两个系统在努力和灵活的任务中的定量性能。此外，我们提供了NASA-TLX问卷的定性结果，以证明超级人物的潜力及其从用户的观点中的可接受性。

The recent increase in public and academic interest in preserving biodiversity has led to the growth of the field of conservation technology. This field involves designing and constructing tools that utilize technology to aid in the conservation of wildlife. In this article, we will use case studies to demonstrate the importance of designing conservation tools with human-wildlife interaction in mind and provide a framework for creating successful tools. These case studies include a range of complexities, from simple cat collars to machine learning and game theory methodologies. Our goal is to introduce and inform current and future researchers in the field of conservation technology and provide references for educating the next generation of conservation technologists. Conservation technology not only has the potential to benefit biodiversity but also has broader impacts on fields such as sustainability and environmental protection. By using innovative technologies to address conservation challenges, we can find more effective and efficient solutions to protect and preserve our planet's resources.

We present the interpretable meta neural ordinary differential equation (iMODE) method to rapidly learn generalizable (i.e., not parameter-specific) dynamics from trajectories of multiple dynamical systems that vary in their physical parameters. The iMODE method learns meta-knowledge, the functional variations of the force field of dynamical system instances without knowing the physical parameters, by adopting a bi-level optimization framework: an outer level capturing the common force field form among studied dynamical system instances and an inner level adapting to individual system instances. A priori physical knowledge can be conveniently embedded in the neural network architecture as inductive bias, such as conservative force field and Euclidean symmetry. With the learned meta-knowledge, iMODE can model an unseen system within seconds, and inversely reveal knowledge on the physical parameters of a system, or as a Neural Gauge to "measure" the physical parameters of an unseen system with observed trajectories. We test the validity of the iMODE method on bistable, double pendulum, Van der Pol, Slinky, and reaction-diffusion systems.

While the brain connectivity network can inform the understanding and diagnosis of developmental dyslexia, its cause-effect relationships have not yet enough been examined. Employing electroencephalography signals and band-limited white noise stimulus at 4.8 Hz (prosodic-syllabic frequency), we measure the phase Granger causalities among channels to identify differences between dyslexic learners and controls, thereby proposing a method to calculate directional connectivity. As causal relationships run in both directions, we explore three scenarios, namely channels' activity as sources, as sinks, and in total. Our proposed method can be used for both classification and exploratory analysis. In all scenarios, we find confirmation of the established right-lateralized Theta sampling network anomaly, in line with the temporal sampling framework's assumption of oscillatory differences in the Theta and Gamma bands. Further, we show that this anomaly primarily occurs in the causal relationships of channels acting as sinks, where it is significantly more pronounced than when only total activity is observed. In the sink scenario, our classifier obtains 0.84 and 0.88 accuracy and 0.87 and 0.93 AUC for the Theta and Gamma bands, respectively.

Variational autoencoders model high-dimensional data by positing low-dimensional latent variables that are mapped through a flexible distribution parametrized by a neural network. Unfortunately, variational autoencoders often suffer from posterior collapse: the posterior of the latent variables is equal to its prior, rendering the variational autoencoder useless as a means to produce meaningful representations. Existing approaches to posterior collapse often attribute it to the use of neural networks or optimization issues due to variational approximation. In this paper, we consider posterior collapse as a problem of latent variable non-identifiability. We prove that the posterior collapses if and only if the latent variables are non-identifiable in the generative model. This fact implies that posterior collapse is not a phenomenon specific to the use of flexible distributions or approximate inference. Rather, it can occur in classical probabilistic models even with exact inference, which we also demonstrate. Based on these results, we propose a class of latent-identifiable variational autoencoders, deep generative models which enforce identifiability without sacrificing flexibility. This model class resolves the problem of latent variable non-identifiability by leveraging bijective Brenier maps and parameterizing them with input convex neural networks, without special variational inference objectives or optimization tricks. Across synthetic and real datasets, latent-identifiable variational autoencoders outperform existing methods in mitigating posterior collapse and providing meaningful representations of the data.