Deep learning models operating in the complex domain are used due to their rich representation capacity. However, most of these models are either restricted to the first quadrant of the complex plane or project the complex-valued data into the real domain, causing a loss of information. This paper proposes that operating entirely in the complex domain increases the overall performance of complex-valued models. A novel, fully complex-valued learning scheme is proposed to train a Fully Complex-valued Convolutional Neural Network (FC-CNN) using a newly proposed complex-valued loss function and training strategy. Benchmarked on CIFAR-10, SVHN, and CIFAR-100, FC-CNN has a 4-10% gain compared to its real-valued counterpart, maintaining the model complexity. With fewer parameters, it achieves comparable performance to state-of-the-art complex-valued models on CIFAR-10 and SVHN. For the CIFAR-100 dataset, it achieves state-of-the-art performance with 25% fewer parameters. FC-CNN shows better training efficiency and much faster convergence than all the other models.

Building segmentation in high-resolution InSAR images is a challenging task that can be useful for large-scale surveillance. Although complex-valued deep learning networks perform better than their real-valued counterparts for complex-valued SAR data, phase information is not retained throughout the network, which causes a loss of information. This paper proposes a Fully Complex-valued, Fully Convolutional Multi-feature Fusion Network(FC2MFN) for building semantic segmentation on InSAR images using a novel, fully complex-valued learning scheme. The network learns multi-scale features, performs multi-feature fusion, and has a complex-valued output. For the particularity of complex-valued InSAR data, a new complex-valued pooling layer is proposed that compares complex numbers considering their magnitude and phase. This helps the network retain the phase information even through the pooling layer. Experimental results on the simulated InSAR dataset show that FC2MFN achieves better results compared to other state-of-the-art methods in terms of segmentation performance and model complexity.

Object detection and classification using aerial images is a challenging task as the information regarding targets are not abundant. Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) images can be used for Automatic Target Recognition(ATR) systems as it can operate in all-weather conditions and in low light settings. But, SAR images contain salt and pepper noise(speckle noise) that cause hindrance for the deep learning models to extract meaningful features. Using just aerial view Electro-optical(EO) images for ATR systems may also not result in high accuracy as these images are of low resolution and also do not provide ample information in extreme weather conditions. Therefore, information from multiple sensors can be used to enhance the performance of Automatic Target Recognition(ATR) systems. In this paper, we explore a methodology to use both EO and SAR sensor information to effectively improve the performance of the ATR systems by handling the shortcomings of each of the sensors. A novel Multi-Modal Domain Fusion(MDF) network is proposed to learn the domain invariant features from multi-modal data and use it to accurately classify the aerial view objects. The proposed MDF network achieves top-10 performance in the Track-1 with an accuracy of 25.3 % and top-5 performance in Track-2 with an accuracy of 34.26 % in the test phase on the PBVS MAVOC Challenge dataset [18].

In recent years, several metrics have been developed for evaluating group fairness of rankings. Given that these metrics were developed with different application contexts and ranking algorithms in mind, it is not straightforward which metric to choose for a given scenario. In this paper, we perform a comprehensive comparative analysis of existing group fairness metrics developed in the context of fair ranking. By virtue of their diverse application contexts, we argue that such a comparative analysis is not straightforward. Hence, we take an axiomatic approach whereby we design a set of thirteen properties for group fairness metrics that consider different ranking settings. A metric can then be selected depending on whether it satisfies all or a subset of these properties. We apply these properties on eleven existing group fairness metrics, and through both empirical and theoretical results we demonstrate that most of these metrics only satisfy a small subset of the proposed properties. These findings highlight limitations of existing metrics, and provide insights into how to evaluate and interpret different fairness metrics in practical deployment. The proposed properties can also assist practitioners in selecting appropriate metrics for evaluating fairness in a specific application.

Individual-level data (microdata) that characterizes a population, is essential for studying many real-world problems. However, acquiring such data is not straightforward due to cost and privacy constraints, and access is often limited to aggregated data (macro data) sources. In this study, we examine synthetic data generation as a tool to extrapolate difficult-to-obtain high-resolution data by combining information from multiple easier-to-obtain lower-resolution data sources. In particular, we introduce a framework that uses a combination of univariate and multivariate frequency tables from a given target geographical location in combination with frequency tables from other auxiliary locations to generate synthetic microdata for individuals in the target location. Our method combines the estimation of a dependency graph and conditional probabilities from the target location with the use of a Gaussian copula to leverage the available information from the auxiliary locations. We perform extensive testing on two real-world datasets and demonstrate that our approach outperforms prior approaches in preserving the overall dependency structure of the data while also satisfying the constraints defined on the different variables.

我们为旨在降低公平性的对抗神经网络（GNN）的对抗性攻击（GNN）的存在和有效性提供了证据。这些攻击可能不利基于GNN的节点分类中的特定节点子组，其中基础网络的节点具有敏感的属性，例如种族或性别。我们进行了定性和实验分析，以解释对抗链接注射如何损害GNN预测的公平性。例如，攻击者可以通过在属于相反子组和相反类标签的节点之间注入对抗性链接来损害基于GNN的节点分类的公平性。我们在经验数据集上的实验表明，对抗公平性攻击可以显着降低GNN预测的公平性（攻击是有效的），其扰动率较低（攻击是有效的），并且没有明显的准确性下降（攻击是欺骗性的）。这项工作证明了GNN模型对对抗公平性攻击的脆弱性。我们希望我们的发现在社区中提高人们对这个问题的认识，并为GNN模型的未来发展奠定了基础，这些模型对这种攻击更为强大。

In the learning from demonstration (LfD) paradigm, understanding and evaluating the demonstrated behaviors plays a critical role in extracting control policies for robots. Without this knowledge, a robot may infer incorrect reward functions that lead to undesirable or unsafe control policies. Recent work has proposed an LfD framework where a user provides a set of formal task specifications to guide LfD, to address the challenge of reward shaping. However, in this framework, specifications are manually ordered in a performance graph (a partial order that specifies relative importance between the specifications). The main contribution of this paper is an algorithm to learn the performance graph directly from the user-provided demonstrations, and show that the reward functions generated using the learned performance graph generate similar policies to those from manually specified performance graphs. We perform a user study that shows that priorities specified by users on behaviors in a simulated highway driving domain match the automatically inferred performance graph. This establishes that we can accurately evaluate user demonstrations with respect to task specifications without expert criteria.

预训练（PT），然后进行微调（FT）是培训神经网络的有效方法，并导致许多域中的显着性能改进。 PT可以包含各种设计选择，如任务和数据重新免除策略，增强政策和噪声模型，所有这些都可以显着影响所学到的陈述的质量。因此，必须适当地调整这些策略引入的超级参数。但是，设置这些超参数的值是具有挑战性的。大多数现有方法都努力缩放到高维度，太慢和内存密集，或者不能直接应用于两级PT和FT学习过程。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种基于渐变的梯度的算法，以Meta-Learn PT HyperParameters。我们将PT HyperParameter优化问题正式化，并提出了一种通过展开优化结合隐式分化和反向来获得PT超级参数梯度的新方法。我们展示了我们的方法可以提高两个真实域的预测性能。首先，我们优化高维任务加权超参数，用于多任务对蛋白质 - 蛋白质相互作用图进行培训，并将Auroc提高至3.9％。其次，我们在心电图数据上优化用于SIMCLR的SIMCLR的数据增强神经网络，并将Auroc提高到1.9％。

由于需要将靠近用户的所有处理和解决隐私问题需要，人工智能现在在智能手机行业中占据了智能手机行业的中心阶段。若干AI应用程序使用的卷积神经网络（CNNS）是高度资源和计算密集型。虽然新一代智能手机具有启用AI的芯片，但最小的内存和能量利用率对于许多应用程序在智能手机上同时运行。鉴于此，通过将处理的一部分卸载到云服务器的一部分来优化智能手机上的工作负载是一个重要的研究方向。在本文中，我们通过制定优化端到端延迟，内存利用率和能量消耗的多目标优化问题来分析智能手机和云服务器之间分离CNN的可行性。我们设计SmartSplit，一种基于决策分析的遗传算法来解决优化问题。我们使用多个CNN模型运行的实验显示，在智能手机和云服务器之间拆分CNN是可行的。与其他最先进的方法相比，SmartSplit的方法，SmartSplit更好。