我们研究了私人（DP）随机优化（SO），其中包含非Lipschitz连续的离群值和损失函数的数据。迄今为止，DP上的绝大多数工作，因此假设损失是Lipschitz（即随机梯度均匀边界），并且它们的误差界限与损失的Lipschitz参数。尽管此假设很方便，但通常是不现实的：在需要隐私的许多实际问题中，数据可能包含异常值或无限制，导致某些随机梯度具有较大的规范。在这种情况下，Lipschitz参数可能过于较大，从而导致空虚的多余风险范围。因此，在最近的工作[WXDX20，KLZ22]上，我们做出了较弱的假设，即随机梯度已经限制了$ k $ - them-th Moments for Boy $ k \ geq 2 $。与DP Lipschitz上的作品相比，我们的多余风险量表与$ k $ 3的时刻限制，而不是损失的Lipschitz参数，从而在存在异常值的情况下允许速度明显更快。对于凸面和强烈凸出损失函数，我们提供了第一个渐近最佳的过量风险范围（最多可对数因素）。此外，与先前的作品[WXDX20，KLZ22]相反，我们的边界不需要损失函数是可区分的/平滑的。我们还设计了一种加速算法，该算法在线性时间内运行并提高了（与先前的工作相比），并且几乎最佳的过量风险因平滑损失而产生。此外，我们的工作是第一个解决非convex non-lipschitz损失功能的工作，以满足近端不平等现象。这涵盖了一些类别的神经网，以及其他实用模型。我们的近端PL算法几乎具有最佳的多余风险，几乎与强凸的下限相匹配。最后，我们提供了算法的洗牌DP变化，这些变化不需要受信任的策展人（例如，用于分布式学习）。

本文研究了缺乏值得信赖的服务器/客户的联邦学习（FL）的问题。在此设置中，每个客户端都需要确保其自身数据的隐私，而无需依赖服务器或其他客户端。我们研究了本地差异隐私（LDP）并提供紧密的上限和下限，可以为LDP凸起/强凸的联合随机优化建立最小的最佳速率（最多ogarithms）。我们的利率与某些实际参数制度（免费私隐）相匹配最佳统计率）。其次，我们开发了一种新型时变嘈杂的SGD算法，导致与非I.I.D的第一个非普通LDP风险限制。客户。第三，我们考虑每个客户端损失功能的特殊情况，其中每个客户端的损失函数是与现有工程相比改善通信复杂性的加速的LDP流。我们还提供匹配的下限，建立凸/强凸设置算法的最优性。第四，使用安全的Shuffler匿名客户报告（但没有可信服务器），我们的算法达到了随机凸/强凸优化的最佳中央DP速率，从而同时在局部和中心模型中实现最优性。我们的上限量量化了网络通信可靠性在性能中的作用。

尽管大规模的经验风险最小化（ERM）在各种机器学习任务中取得了高精度，但公平的ERM受到公平限制与随机优化的不兼容的阻碍。我们考虑具有离散敏感属性以及可能需要随机求解器的可能性大型模型和数据集的公平分类问题。现有的内部处理公平算法在大规模设置中要么是不切实际的，因为它们需要在每次迭代时进行大量数据，要么不保证它们会收敛。在本文中，我们开发了第一个具有保证收敛性的随机内处理公平算法。对于人口统计学，均衡的赔率和公平的机会均等的概念，我们提供了算法的略有变化，称为Fermi，并证明这些变化中的每一个都以任何批次大小收敛于随机优化。从经验上讲，我们表明Fermi适合具有多个（非二进制）敏感属性和非二进制目标的随机求解器，即使Minibatch大小也很小，也可以很好地表现。广泛的实验表明，与最先进的基准相比，FERMI实现了所有经过测试的设置之间的公平违规和测试准确性之间最有利的权衡，该基准是人口统计学奇偶校验，均衡的赔率，均等机会，均等机会。这些好处在小批量的大小和非二元分类具有大量敏感属性的情况下尤其重要，这使得费米成为大规模问题的实用公平算法。

The recent increase in public and academic interest in preserving biodiversity has led to the growth of the field of conservation technology. This field involves designing and constructing tools that utilize technology to aid in the conservation of wildlife. In this article, we will use case studies to demonstrate the importance of designing conservation tools with human-wildlife interaction in mind and provide a framework for creating successful tools. These case studies include a range of complexities, from simple cat collars to machine learning and game theory methodologies. Our goal is to introduce and inform current and future researchers in the field of conservation technology and provide references for educating the next generation of conservation technologists. Conservation technology not only has the potential to benefit biodiversity but also has broader impacts on fields such as sustainability and environmental protection. By using innovative technologies to address conservation challenges, we can find more effective and efficient solutions to protect and preserve our planet's resources.

A Digital Twin (DT) is a simulation of a physical system that provides information to make decisions that add economic, social or commercial value. The behaviour of a physical system changes over time, a DT must therefore be continually updated with data from the physical systems to reflect its changing behaviour. For resource-constrained systems, updating a DT is non-trivial because of challenges such as on-board learning and the off-board data transfer. This paper presents a framework for updating data-driven DTs of resource-constrained systems geared towards system health monitoring. The proposed solution consists of: (1) an on-board system running a light-weight DT allowing the prioritisation and parsimonious transfer of data generated by the physical system; and (2) off-board robust updating of the DT and detection of anomalous behaviours. Two case studies are considered using a production gas turbine engine system to demonstrate the digital representation accuracy for real-world, time-varying physical systems.

We introduce Argoverse 2 (AV2) - a collection of three datasets for perception and forecasting research in the self-driving domain. The annotated Sensor Dataset contains 1,000 sequences of multimodal data, encompassing high-resolution imagery from seven ring cameras, and two stereo cameras in addition to lidar point clouds, and 6-DOF map-aligned pose. Sequences contain 3D cuboid annotations for 26 object categories, all of which are sufficiently-sampled to support training and evaluation of 3D perception models. The Lidar Dataset contains 20,000 sequences of unlabeled lidar point clouds and map-aligned pose. This dataset is the largest ever collection of lidar sensor data and supports self-supervised learning and the emerging task of point cloud forecasting. Finally, the Motion Forecasting Dataset contains 250,000 scenarios mined for interesting and challenging interactions between the autonomous vehicle and other actors in each local scene. Models are tasked with the prediction of future motion for "scored actors" in each scenario and are provided with track histories that capture object location, heading, velocity, and category. In all three datasets, each scenario contains its own HD Map with 3D lane and crosswalk geometry - sourced from data captured in six distinct cities. We believe these datasets will support new and existing machine learning research problems in ways that existing datasets do not. All datasets are released under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.

We present a Machine Learning (ML) study case to illustrate the challenges of clinical translation for a real-time AI-empowered echocardiography system with data of ICU patients in LMICs. Such ML case study includes data preparation, curation and labelling from 2D Ultrasound videos of 31 ICU patients in LMICs and model selection, validation and deployment of three thinner neural networks to classify apical four-chamber view. Results of the ML heuristics showed the promising implementation, validation and application of thinner networks to classify 4CV with limited datasets. We conclude this work mentioning the need for (a) datasets to improve diversity of demographics, diseases, and (b) the need of further investigations of thinner models to be run and implemented in low-cost hardware to be clinically translated in the ICU in LMICs. The code and other resources to reproduce this work are available at https://github.com/vital-ultrasound/ai-assisted-echocardiography-for-low-resource-countries.

The ability to jointly learn from multiple modalities, such as text, audio, and visual data, is a defining feature of intelligent systems. While there have been promising advances in designing neural networks to harness multimodal data, the enormous success of data augmentation currently remains limited to single-modality tasks like image classification. Indeed, it is particularly difficult to augment each modality while preserving the overall semantic structure of the data; for example, a caption may no longer be a good description of an image after standard augmentations have been applied, such as translation. Moreover, it is challenging to specify reasonable transformations that are not tailored to a particular modality. In this paper, we introduce LeMDA, Learning Multimodal Data Augmentation, an easy-to-use method that automatically learns to jointly augment multimodal data in feature space, with no constraints on the identities of the modalities or the relationship between modalities. We show that LeMDA can (1) profoundly improve the performance of multimodal deep learning architectures, (2) apply to combinations of modalities that have not been previously considered, and (3) achieve state-of-the-art results on a wide range of applications comprised of image, text, and tabular data.

The SINDy algorithm has been successfully used to identify the governing equations of dynamical systems from time series data. In this paper, we argue that this makes SINDy a potentially useful tool for causal discovery and that existing tools for causal discovery can be used to dramatically improve the performance of SINDy as tool for robust sparse modeling and system identification. We then demonstrate empirically that augmenting the SINDy algorithm with tools from causal discovery can provides engineers with a tool for learning causally robust governing equations.

Our aim is to build autonomous agents that can solve tasks in environments like Minecraft. To do so, we used an imitation learning-based approach. We formulate our control problem as a search problem over a dataset of experts' demonstrations, where the agent copies actions from a similar demonstration trajectory of image-action pairs. We perform a proximity search over the BASALT MineRL-dataset in the latent representation of a Video PreTraining model. The agent copies the actions from the expert trajectory as long as the distance between the state representations of the agent and the selected expert trajectory from the dataset do not diverge. Then the proximity search is repeated. Our approach can effectively recover meaningful demonstration trajectories and show human-like behavior of an agent in the Minecraft environment.