未核化的维护有助于更长时间的车辆停机,并增加空军逻辑准备中队(LRSS)的成本。当车辆需要在预定时间之外修复时,根据其优先级,整个中队的Slated修复时间表是负面的。在维护应该运行的车辆所需的人小时的增加中,在长期的人数量增加时,特别看到了不定期的维护的影响:这可以包括在维护自身上花费的更多人,等待零件到达,花费时间重新组织维修时间表, 和更多。目前LRSS的主导趋势是,他们没有预测维护基础设施,以抵消他们目前经历的未安排维修的涌入,结果,它们的准备程度和性能水平低于所需。我们使用从防御财产和问责系统(DPA)中拉的数据,即LRSS目前用于存储其车辆维护信息。使用我们从DPA收到的历史车辆维护数据,我们独立应用三种不同的算法来构建准确的预测系统,以在任何给定时间优化维护计划。通过物流回归,随机森林和渐变促进树木算法的应用,我们发现一个逻辑回归算法,适合我们的数据,产生了最准确的结果。我们的调查结果表明,不仅继续使用Logistic回归对于我们的研究目的是谨慎的,但有机会进一步调整和优化我们的逻辑回归模型以获得更高的准确性。
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机器学习渗透到许多行业,这为公司带来了新的利益来源。然而,在人寿保险行业中,机器学习在实践中并未被广泛使用,因为在过去几年中,统计模型表明了它们的风险评估效率。因此,保险公司可能面临评估人工智能价值的困难。随着时间的流逝,专注于人寿保险行业的修改突出了将机器学习用于保险公司的利益以及通过释放数据价值带来的利益。本文回顾了传统的生存建模方法论,并通过机器学习技术扩展了它们。它指出了与常规机器学习模型的差异,并强调了特定实现在与机器学习模型家族中面对审查数据的重要性。在本文的补充中,已经开发了Python库。已经调整了不同的开源机器学习算法,以适应人寿保险数据的特殊性,即检查和截断。此类模型可以轻松地从该SCOR库中应用,以准确地模拟人寿保险风险。
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The cyber-physical convergence is opening up new business opportunities for industrial operators. The need for deep integration of the cyber and the physical worlds establishes a rich business agenda towards consolidating new system and network engineering approaches. This revolution would not be possible without the rich and heterogeneous sources of data, as well as the ability of their intelligent exploitation, mainly due to the fact that data will serve as a fundamental resource to promote Industry 4.0. One of the most fruitful research and practice areas emerging from this data-rich, cyber-physical, smart factory environment is the data-driven process monitoring field, which applies machine learning methodologies to enable predictive maintenance applications. In this paper, we examine popular time series forecasting techniques as well as supervised machine learning algorithms in the applied context of Industry 4.0, by transforming and preprocessing the historical industrial dataset of a packing machine's operational state recordings (real data coming from the production line of a manufacturing plant from the food and beverage domain). In our methodology, we use only a single signal concerning the machine's operational status to make our predictions, without considering other operational variables or fault and warning signals, hence its characterization as ``agnostic''. In this respect, the results demonstrate that the adopted methods achieve a quite promising performance on three targeted use cases.
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目的:我们研究使用机器学习(ML)模型的可解释的累入预测,并在预测能力,稀疏性和公平性方面分析性能。与以前的作品不同,本研究列举了输出概率而不是二进制预测的可解释模型,并使用定量公平定义来评估模型。本研究还研究了模型是否可以横跨地理位置概括。方法:我们在佛罗里达州和肯塔基州的两个不同的刑事核查数据集上生成了黑盒和可解释的ML模型。我们将这些模型的预测性能和公平与目前用于司法系统中使用的两种方法进行了比较,以预测审前常规率:Arnold PSA和Compas。我们评估了所有模型的预测性能,可以在两次跨越两次预测六种不同类型犯罪的模型。结果:几种可解释的ML模型可以预测常规和黑盒ML模型,比Compas或Arnold PSA更准确。这些模型在实践中可能有用。类似于Arnold PSA,这些可解释模型中的一些可以作为一个简单的表格写入。其他可以使用一组可视化显示。我们的地理分析表明ML模型应分开培训,以便单独的位置并随时间更新。我们还为可​​解释模型提供了公平分析。结论:可解释的机器学习模型可以在预测准确性和公平性方面表现,也可以表现,也可以表现,也可以执行不可解释的方法和目前使用的风险评估尺度。机器学习模型对于单独培训,可以更准确地进行不同的位置,并保持最新。
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人类服务系统做出关键决策,影响社会中的个人。美国儿童福利系统做出了这样的决定,从筛查热线报告的报告报告,涉嫌虐待或忽视儿童保护性调查,使儿童接受寄养,再到将儿童返回永久家庭环境。这些对儿童生活的复杂而有影响力的决定取决于儿童福利决策者的判断。儿童福利机构一直在探索使用包括机器学习(ML)的经验,数据信息的方法来支持这些决策的方法。本文描述了ML支持儿童福利决策的概念框架。 ML框架指导儿童福利机构如何概念化ML可以解决的目标问题;兽医可用的管理数据用于构建ML;制定和开发ML规格,以反映机构正在进行的相关人群和干预措施;随着时间的流逝,部署,评估和监视ML作为儿童福利环境,政策和实践变化。道德考虑,利益相关者的参与以及避免框架的影响和成功的共同陷阱。从摘要到具体,我们描述了该框架的一种应用,以支持儿童福利决策。该ML框架虽然以儿童福利为中心,但可以推广用于解决其他公共政策问题。
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AI和数据驱动的解决方案已应用于不同的领域,并实现了优于和有希望的结果。在这项研究工作中,我们应用了K-Neart最邻居,极端的梯度提升和随机森林分类器来检测三个加密货币市场的趋势问题。我们使用这些分类器来设计一种在这些市场中进行交易的策略。我们在实验中的输入数据包括在单独的测试中使用或没有技术指标的价格数据,以查看使用它们的效果。我们对看不见数据的测试结果非常有前途,并在帮助具有专家系统的投资者利用市场并获利的投资者方面具有巨大的潜力。我们看不见的66天跨度的最高利润因子是1.60。我们还讨论了这些方法的局限性及其对有效市场假设的潜在影响。
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本文调查了股票回购,特别是分享回购公告。它解决了如何识别此类公告,股票回购的超额回报以及股票回购公告后的回报的预测。我们说明了两种NLP方法,用于自动检测股票回购公告。即使有少量的培训数据,我们也可以达到高达90%的准确性。该论文利用这些NLP方法生成一个由57,155个股票回购公告组成的大数据集。通过分析该数据集,本论文的目的是表明大多数宣布回购的公司的大多数公司都表现不佳。但是,少数公司的表现极大地超过了MSCI世界。当查看所有公司的平均值时,这种重要的表现过高会导致净收益。如果根据公司的规模调整了基准指数,则平均表现过高,并且大多数表现不佳。但是,发现宣布股票回购的公司至少占其市值的1%,即使使用调整后的基准,也平均交付了显着的表现。还发现,在危机时期宣布股票回购的公司比整个市场更好。此外,生成的数据集用于训练72个机器学习模型。通过此,它能够找到许多可以达到高达77%并产生大量超额回报的策略。可以在六个不同的时间范围内改善各种性能指标,并确定明显的表现。这是通过训练多个模型的不同任务和时间范围以及结合这些不同模型的方法来实现的,从而通过融合弱学习者来产生重大改进,以创造一个强大的学习者。
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拉力请求是当今协作软件开发和代码审核过程的关键部分。但是,当审阅者或作者不积极参与拉动请求时,拉动请求也可以减慢软件开发过程。在这项工作中,我们设计了一项端到端服务,以提醒作者或审阅者与他们的逾期拉动请求互动,以加速逾期拉动请求。首先,我们根据努力估算和机器学习使用模型来预测给定拉的请求的完成时间。其次,我们使用活动检测来滤除可能逾期的拉请请求,但仍在采取足够的动作。最后,我们使用演员身份证来了解拉动请求的阻止者是谁,并推动适当的演员(作者或审稿人)。轻推的主要新颖性是它成功地减少了拉动请求解决时间,同时确保开发人员认为发送的通知在成千上万的存储库中是有用的。在Microsoft使用的147个存储库的随机试验中,Nudge能够将拉的请求分辨率时间减少60%,而与Nudge未发送通知的逾期拉动请求相比,该请求的8,500次拉。此外,收到推动通知的开发人员将这些通知的73%置于正面。我们观察到在Microsoft的8,000个存储库中扩展Nudge的部署时,我们观察到了类似的结果,在整整一年中,Nudge发送了210,000个通知。这表明了Nudge可以扩展到数千个存储库的能力。最后,我们对选择通知的定性分析指示了未来研究的领域,例如在拉动请求和开发人员的可用性中考虑依赖性。
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Platelet products are both expensive and have very short shelf lives. As usage rates for platelets are highly variable, the effective management of platelet demand and supply is very important yet challenging. The primary goal of this paper is to present an efficient forecasting model for platelet demand at Canadian Blood Services (CBS). To accomplish this goal, four different demand forecasting methods, ARIMA (Auto Regressive Moving Average), Prophet, lasso regression (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) and LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) networks are utilized and evaluated. We use a large clinical dataset for a centralized blood distribution centre for four hospitals in Hamilton, Ontario, spanning from 2010 to 2018 and consisting of daily platelet transfusions along with information such as the product specifications, the recipients' characteristics, and the recipients' laboratory test results. This study is the first to utilize different methods from statistical time series models to data-driven regression and a machine learning technique for platelet transfusion using clinical predictors and with different amounts of data. We find that the multivariate approaches have the highest accuracy in general, however, if sufficient data are available, a simpler time series approach such as ARIMA appears to be sufficient. We also comment on the approach to choose clinical indicators (inputs) for the multivariate models.
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入院后护理管理协调患者的转诊,以改善从医院出院,尤其是老年人和长期患者。在护理管理环境中,健康转诊是由托管护理组织(MCO)的专业部门处理的,该部门与许多其他实体进行互动,包括住院医院,保险公司和入院后护理提供者。在本文中,提出了一个机器学习引导的离散事件仿真框架,以改善健康推荐处理。开发了基于随机福雷林的预测模型来预测LOS和推荐类型。构建了两个仿真模型,以代表转介处理系统和智能系统的AS配置,分别合并了预测功能。通过将推荐处理系统的预测模块合并以计划和优先级推荐,在减少平均转介创建延迟时间方面增强了整体性能。这项研究将强调放电后护理管理在改善健康质量和降低相关成本方面的作用。此外,本文演示了如何使用集成系统工程方法来改进复杂的医疗系统的过程。
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天然气管道中的泄漏检测是石油和天然气行业的一个重要且持续的问题。这尤其重要,因为管道是运输天然气的最常见方法。这项研究旨在研究数据驱动的智能模型使用基本操作参数检测天然气管道的小泄漏的能力,然后使用现有的性能指标比较智能模型。该项目应用观察者设计技术,使用回归分类层次模型来检测天然气管道中的泄漏,其中智能模型充当回归器,并且修改后的逻辑回归模型充当分类器。该项目使用四个星期的管道数据流研究了五个智能模型(梯度提升,决策树,随机森林,支持向量机和人工神经网络)。结果表明,虽然支持向量机和人工神经网络比其他网络更好,但由于其内部复杂性和所使用的数据量,它们并未提供最佳的泄漏检测结果。随机森林和决策树模型是最敏感的,因为它们可以在大约2小时内检测到标称流量的0.1%的泄漏。所有智能模型在测试阶段中具有高可靠性,错误警报率为零。将所有智能模型泄漏检测的平均时间与文献中的实时短暂模型进行了比较。结果表明,智能模型在泄漏检测问题中的表现相对较好。该结果表明,可以与实时瞬态模型一起使用智能模型,以显着改善泄漏检测结果。
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本文研究了与可解释的AI(XAI)实践有关的两个不同但相关的问题。机器学习(ML)在金融服务中越来越重要,例如预批准,信用承销,投资以及各种前端和后端活动。机器学习可以自动检测培训数据中的非线性和相互作用,从而促进更快,更准确的信用决策。但是,机器学习模型是不透明的,难以解释,这是建立可靠技术所需的关键要素。该研究比较了各种机器学习模型,包括单个分类器(逻辑回归,决策树,LDA,QDA),异质集合(Adaboost,随机森林)和顺序神经网络。结果表明,整体分类器和神经网络的表现优于表现。此外,使用基于美国P2P贷款平台Lending Club提供的开放式访问数据集评估了两种先进的事后不可解释能力 - 石灰和外形来评估基于ML的信用评分模型。对于这项研究,我们还使用机器学习算法来开发新的投资模型,并探索可以最大化盈利能力同时最大程度地降低风险的投资组合策略。
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Algorithms that involve both forecasting and optimization are at the core of solutions to many difficult real-world problems, such as in supply chains (inventory optimization), traffic, and in the transition towards carbon-free energy generation in battery/load/production scheduling in sustainable energy systems. Typically, in these scenarios we want to solve an optimization problem that depends on unknown future values, which therefore need to be forecast. As both forecasting and optimization are difficult problems in their own right, relatively few research has been done in this area. This paper presents the findings of the ``IEEE-CIS Technical Challenge on Predict+Optimize for Renewable Energy Scheduling," held in 2021. We present a comparison and evaluation of the seven highest-ranked solutions in the competition, to provide researchers with a benchmark problem and to establish the state of the art for this benchmark, with the aim to foster and facilitate research in this area. The competition used data from the Monash Microgrid, as well as weather data and energy market data. It then focused on two main challenges: forecasting renewable energy production and demand, and obtaining an optimal schedule for the activities (lectures) and on-site batteries that lead to the lowest cost of energy. The most accurate forecasts were obtained by gradient-boosted tree and random forest models, and optimization was mostly performed using mixed integer linear and quadratic programming. The winning method predicted different scenarios and optimized over all scenarios jointly using a sample average approximation method.
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在过去的十年中,数字双胞胎的概念在受欢迎程度上爆发了,但围绕其多个定义,其新颖性作为新技术的新颖性以及其实际适用性仍然存在,尽管进行了许多评论,调查和新闻稿,但其实际适用性仍然存在。探索了数字双胞胎一词的历史,以及其在产品生命周期管理,资产维护和设备车队管理,运营和计划领域的初始背景。还基于七个基本要素提供了一个最小可行的框架来利用数字双胞胎的定义。还概述了采用DT方法的DT应用程序和行业的简短旅行。预测维护领域突出了数字双胞胎框架的应用,并使用基于机器学习和基于物理的建模的扩展。采用机器学习和基于物理的建模的组合形成混合数字双胞胎框架,可以协同减轻隔离使用时每种方法的缺点。还讨论了实践实施数字双胞胎模型的关键挑战。随着数字双技术的快速增长及其成熟,预计将实现实质性增强工具和解决方案的巨大希望,以实现智能设备的智能维护。
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Flooding is one of the most disastrous natural hazards, responsible for substantial economic losses. A predictive model for flood-induced financial damages is useful for many applications such as climate change adaptation planning and insurance underwriting. This research assesses the predictive capability of regressors constructed on the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) dataset using neural networks (Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks), decision trees (Extreme Gradient Boosting), and kernel-based regressors (Gaussian Process). The assessment highlights the most informative predictors for regression. The distribution for claims amount inference is modeled with a Burr distribution permitting the introduction of a bias correction scheme and increasing the regressor's predictive capability. Aiming to study the interaction with physical variables, we incorporate Daymet rainfall estimation to NFIP as an additional predictor. A study on the coastal counties in the eight US South-West states resulted in an $R^2=0.807$. Further analysis of 11 counties with a significant number of claims in the NFIP dataset reveals that Extreme Gradient Boosting provides the best results, that bias correction significantly improves the similarity with the reference distribution, and that the rainfall predictor strengthens the regressor performance.
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A digital twin is defined as a virtual representation of a physical asset enabled through data and simulators for real-time prediction, optimization, monitoring, controlling, and improved decision-making. Unfortunately, the term remains vague and says little about its capability. Recently, the concept of capability level has been introduced to address this issue. Based on its capability, the concept states that a digital twin can be categorized on a scale from zero to five, referred to as standalone, descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, prescriptive, and autonomous, respectively. The current work introduces the concept in the context of the built environment. It demonstrates the concept by using a modern house as a use case. The house is equipped with an array of sensors that collect timeseries data regarding the internal state of the house. Together with physics-based and data-driven models, these data are used to develop digital twins at different capability levels demonstrated in virtual reality. The work, in addition to presenting a blueprint for developing digital twins, also provided future research directions to enhance the technology.
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We apply classical statistical methods in conjunction with the state-of-the-art machine learning techniques to develop a hybrid interpretable model to analyse 454,897 online customers' behavior for a particular product category at the largest online retailer in China, that is JD. While most mere machine learning methods are plagued by the lack of interpretability in practice, our novel hybrid approach will address this practical issue by generating explainable output. This analysis involves identifying what features and characteristics have the most significant impact on customers' purchase behavior, thereby enabling us to predict future sales with a high level of accuracy, and identify the most impactful variables. Our results reveal that customers' product choice is insensitive to the promised delivery time, but this factor significantly impacts customers' order quantity. We also show that the effectiveness of various discounting methods depends on the specific product and the discount size. We identify product classes for which certain discounting approaches are more effective and provide recommendations on better use of different discounting tools. Customers' choice behavior across different product classes is mostly driven by price, and to a lesser extent, by customer demographics. The former finding asks for exercising care in deciding when and how much discount should be offered, whereas the latter identifies opportunities for personalized ads and targeted marketing. Further, to curb customers' batch ordering behavior and avoid the undesirable Bullwhip effect, JD should improve its logistics to ensure faster delivery of orders.
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本文研究了使用风险模型来预测电力基础设施引起的野火的时间和位置。我们的数据包括由2015年至2019年间在太平洋天然气和电力领域收集的网格基础设施触发的历史点火和降线点,以及各种天气,植被以及网格基础设施的高分辨率数据,包括位置,年龄,材料。通过这些数据,我们探讨了一系列机器学习方法和管理培训数据不平衡的策略。我们获得的接收器操作特性下的最佳区域为0.776,用于分配馈线点火器,传输线向下事件为0.824,均使用基于直方图的梯度增强树算法(HGB),并带有下采样。然后,我们使用这些模型来确定哪些信息提供了最预测的价值。线长度后,我们发现天气和植被特征主导着点火或降线风险的最重要功能。分配点火模型显示出更大的依赖性对慢变化的植被变量,例如燃烧指数,能量释放含量和树高度,而传输线模型更多地依赖于主要天气变量,例如风速和降水量。这些结果表明,改进的植被建模对进料机点火风险模型的重要性,以及对传输线模型的天气预测改进。我们观察到,基础架构功能可以对风险模型预测能力进行较小但有意义的改进。
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Artificial intelligence (AI) has enormous potential to improve Air Force pilot training by providing actionable feedback to pilot trainees on the quality of their maneuvers and enabling instructor-less flying familiarization for early-stage trainees in low-cost simulators. Historically, AI challenges consisting of data, problem descriptions, and example code have been critical to fueling AI breakthroughs. The Department of the Air Force-Massachusetts Institute of Technology AI Accelerator (DAF-MIT AI Accelerator) developed such an AI challenge using real-world Air Force flight simulator data. The Maneuver ID challenge assembled thousands of virtual reality simulator flight recordings collected by actual Air Force student pilots at Pilot Training Next (PTN). This dataset has been publicly released at Maneuver-ID.mit.edu and represents the first of its kind public release of USAF flight training data. Using this dataset, we have applied a variety of AI methods to separate "good" vs "bad" simulator data and categorize and characterize maneuvers. These data, algorithms, and software are being released as baselines of model performance for others to build upon to enable the AI ecosystem for flight simulator training.
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随着机器学习(ML)模型和系统在不同行业的高赌注环境中的增加,保证了部署后的模型的性能变得至关重要。生产中的监测模型是确保其持续性能和可靠性的关键方面。我们展示了Amazon Sagemaker Model Monitor,这是一个完全托管的服务,不断监控亚马逊Sagemaker上托管的机器学习模型的质量。我们的系统实时地自动检测模型中的数据,概念,偏置和特征归因漂移,并提供警报,以便模型所有者可以采取纠正措施,从而保持高质量模型。我们描述了从客户,系统设计和架构获得的关键要求以及用于检测不同类型漂移的方法。此外,我们提供量化评估,然后使用案例,见解和从超过1.5年的生产部署中汲取的经验教训。
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