The cyber-physical convergence is opening up new business opportunities for industrial operators. The need for deep integration of the cyber and the physical worlds establishes a rich business agenda towards consolidating new system and network engineering approaches. This revolution would not be possible without the rich and heterogeneous sources of data, as well as the ability of their intelligent exploitation, mainly due to the fact that data will serve as a fundamental resource to promote Industry 4.0. One of the most fruitful research and practice areas emerging from this data-rich, cyber-physical, smart factory environment is the data-driven process monitoring field, which applies machine learning methodologies to enable predictive maintenance applications. In this paper, we examine popular time series forecasting techniques as well as supervised machine learning algorithms in the applied context of Industry 4.0, by transforming and preprocessing the historical industrial dataset of a packing machine's operational state recordings (real data coming from the production line of a manufacturing plant from the food and beverage domain). In our methodology, we use only a single signal concerning the machine's operational status to make our predictions, without considering other operational variables or fault and warning signals, hence its characterization as ``agnostic''. In this respect, the results demonstrate that the adopted methods achieve a quite promising performance on three targeted use cases.

近年来，随着传感器和智能设备的广泛传播，物联网（IoT）系统的数据生成速度已大大增加。在物联网系统中，必须经常处理，转换和分析大量数据，以实现各种物联网服务和功能。机器学习（ML）方法已显示出其物联网数据分析的能力。但是，将ML模型应用于物联网数据分析任务仍然面临许多困难和挑战，特别是有效的模型选择，设计/调整和更新，这给经验丰富的数据科学家带来了巨大的需求。此外，物联网数据的动态性质可能引入概念漂移问题，从而导致模型性能降解。为了减少人类的努力，自动化机器学习（AUTOML）已成为一个流行的领域，旨在自动选择，构建，调整和更新机器学习模型，以在指定任务上实现最佳性能。在本文中，我们对Automl区域中模型选择，调整和更新过程中的现有方法进行了审查，以识别和总结将ML算法应用于IoT数据分析的每个步骤的最佳解决方案。为了证明我们的发现并帮助工业用户和研究人员更好地实施汽车方法，在这项工作中提出了将汽车应用于IoT异常检测问题的案例研究。最后，我们讨论并分类了该领域的挑战和研究方向。

Algorithms that involve both forecasting and optimization are at the core of solutions to many difficult real-world problems, such as in supply chains (inventory optimization), traffic, and in the transition towards carbon-free energy generation in battery/load/production scheduling in sustainable energy systems. Typically, in these scenarios we want to solve an optimization problem that depends on unknown future values, which therefore need to be forecast. As both forecasting and optimization are difficult problems in their own right, relatively few research has been done in this area. This paper presents the findings of the ``IEEE-CIS Technical Challenge on Predict+Optimize for Renewable Energy Scheduling," held in 2021. We present a comparison and evaluation of the seven highest-ranked solutions in the competition, to provide researchers with a benchmark problem and to establish the state of the art for this benchmark, with the aim to foster and facilitate research in this area. The competition used data from the Monash Microgrid, as well as weather data and energy market data. It then focused on two main challenges: forecasting renewable energy production and demand, and obtaining an optimal schedule for the activities (lectures) and on-site batteries that lead to the lowest cost of energy. The most accurate forecasts were obtained by gradient-boosted tree and random forest models, and optimization was mostly performed using mixed integer linear and quadratic programming. The winning method predicted different scenarios and optimized over all scenarios jointly using a sample average approximation method.

天然气管道中的泄漏检测是石油和天然气行业的一个重要且持续的问题。这尤其重要，因为管道是运输天然气的最常见方法。这项研究旨在研究数据驱动的智能模型使用基本操作参数检测天然气管道的小泄漏的能力，然后使用现有的性能指标比较智能模型。该项目应用观察者设计技术，使用回归分类层次模型来检测天然气管道中的泄漏，其中智能模型充当回归器，并且修改后的逻辑回归模型充当分类器。该项目使用四个星期的管道数据流研究了五个智能模型（梯度提升，决策树，随机森林，支持向量机和人工神经网络）。结果表明，虽然支持向量机和人工神经网络比其他网络更好，但由于其内部复杂性和所使用的数据量，它们并未提供最佳的泄漏检测结果。随机森林和决策树模型是最敏感的，因为它们可以在大约2小时内检测到标称流量的0.1％的泄漏。所有智能模型在测试阶段中具有高可靠性，错误警报率为零。将所有智能模型泄漏检测的平均时间与文献中的实时短暂模型进行了比较。结果表明，智能模型在泄漏检测问题中的表现相对较好。该结果表明，可以与实时瞬态模型一起使用智能模型，以显着改善泄漏检测结果。

评估能源转型和能源市场自由化对资源充足性的影响是一种越来越重要和苛刻的任务。能量系统的上升复杂性需要足够的能量系统建模方法，从而提高计算要求。此外，随着复杂性，同样调用概率评估和场景分析同样增加不确定性。为了充分和高效地解决这些各种要求，需要来自数据科学领域的新方法来加速当前方法。通过我们的系统文献综述，我们希望缩小三个学科之间的差距（1）电力供应安全性评估，（2）人工智能和（3）实验设计。为此，我们对所选应用领域进行大规模的定量审查，并制作彼此不同学科的合成。在其他发现之外，我们使用基于AI的方法和应用程序的AI方法和应用来确定电力供应模型的复杂安全性的元素，并作为未充分涵盖的应用领域的储存调度和（非）可用性。我们结束了推出了一种新的方法管道，以便在评估电力供应安全评估时充分有效地解决当前和即将到来的挑战。

本文调查了股票回购，特别是分享回购公告。它解决了如何识别此类公告，股票回购的超额回报以及股票回购公告后的回报的预测。我们说明了两种NLP方法，用于自动检测股票回购公告。即使有少量的培训数据，我们也可以达到高达90％的准确性。该论文利用这些NLP方法生成一个由57,155个股票回购公告组成的大数据集。通过分析该数据集，本论文的目的是表明大多数宣布回购的公司的大多数公司都表现不佳。但是，少数公司的表现极大地超过了MSCI世界。当查看所有公司的平均值时，这种重要的表现过高会导致净收益。如果根据公司的规模调整了基准指数，则平均表现过高，并且大多数表现不佳。但是，发现宣布股票回购的公司至少占其市值的1％，即使使用调整后的基准，也平均交付了显着的表现。还发现，在危机时期宣布股票回购的公司比整个市场更好。此外，生成的数据集用于训练72个机器学习模型。通过此，它能够找到许多可以达到高达77％并产生大量超额回报的策略。可以在六个不同的时间范围内改善各种性能指标，并确定明显的表现。这是通过训练多个模型的不同任务和时间范围以及结合这些不同模型的方法来实现的，从而通过融合弱学习者来产生重大改进，以创造一个强大的学习者。

Concept drift primarily refers to an online supervised learning scenario when the relation between the input data and the target variable changes over time. Assuming a general knowledge of supervised learning in this paper we characterize adaptive learning process, categorize existing strategies for handling concept drift, overview the most representative, distinct and popular techniques and algorithms, discuss evaluation methodology of adaptive algorithms, and present a set of illustrative applications. The survey covers the different facets of concept drift in an integrated way to reflect on the existing scattered state-of-the-art. Thus, it aims at providing a comprehensive introduction to the concept drift adaptation for researchers, industry analysts and practitioners.

粒子加速器是复杂的设施，可产生大量的结构化数据，并具有明确的优化目标以及精确定义的控制要求。因此，它们自然适合数据驱动的研究方法。来自传感器和监视加速器形式的多元时间序列的数据。在加速器控制和诊断方面，快速的先发制人方法是高度首选的，数据驱动的时间序列预测方法的应用尤其有希望。这篇综述提出了时间序列预测问题，并总结了现有模型，并在各个科学领域的应用中进行了应用。引入了粒子加速器领域中的几次和将来的尝试。预测到粒子加速器的时间序列的应用显示出令人鼓舞的结果和更广泛使用的希望，现有的问题（例如数据一致性和兼容性）已开始解决。

A well-performing prediction model is vital for a recommendation system suggesting actions for energy-efficient consumer behavior. However, reliable and accurate predictions depend on informative features and a suitable model design to perform well and robustly across different households and appliances. Moreover, customers' unjustifiably high expectations of accurate predictions may discourage them from using the system in the long term. In this paper, we design a three-step forecasting framework to assess predictability, engineering features, and deep learning architectures to forecast 24 hourly load values. First, our predictability analysis provides a tool for expectation management to cushion customers' anticipations. Second, we design several new weather-, time- and appliance-related parameters for the modeling procedure and test their contribution to the model's prediction performance. Third, we examine six deep learning techniques and compare them to tree- and support vector regression benchmarks. We develop a robust and accurate model for the appliance-level load prediction based on four datasets from four different regions (US, UK, Austria, and Canada) with an equal set of appliances. The empirical results show that cyclical encoding of time features and weather indicators alongside a long-short term memory (LSTM) model offer the optimal performance.

Wind power forecasting helps with the planning for the power systems by contributing to having a higher level of certainty in decision-making. Due to the randomness inherent to meteorological events (e.g., wind speeds), making highly accurate long-term predictions for wind power can be extremely difficult. One approach to remedy this challenge is to utilize weather information from multiple points across a geographical grid to obtain a holistic view of the wind patterns, along with temporal information from the previous power outputs of the wind farms. Our proposed CNN-RNN architecture combines convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to extract spatial and temporal information from multi-dimensional input data to make day-ahead predictions. In this regard, our method incorporates an ultra-wide learning view, combining data from multiple numerical weather prediction models, wind farms, and geographical locations. Additionally, we experiment with global forecasting approaches to understand the impact of training the same model over the datasets obtained from multiple different wind farms, and we employ a method where spatial information extracted from convolutional layers is passed to a tree ensemble (e.g., Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM)) instead of fully connected layers. The results show that our proposed CNN-RNN architecture outperforms other models such as LGBM, Extra Tree regressor and linear regression when trained globally, but fails to replicate such performance when trained individually on each farm. We also observe that passing the spatial information from CNN to LGBM improves its performance, providing further evidence of CNN's spatial feature extraction capabilities.

A digital twin is defined as a virtual representation of a physical asset enabled through data and simulators for real-time prediction, optimization, monitoring, controlling, and improved decision-making. Unfortunately, the term remains vague and says little about its capability. Recently, the concept of capability level has been introduced to address this issue. Based on its capability, the concept states that a digital twin can be categorized on a scale from zero to five, referred to as standalone, descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, prescriptive, and autonomous, respectively. The current work introduces the concept in the context of the built environment. It demonstrates the concept by using a modern house as a use case. The house is equipped with an array of sensors that collect timeseries data regarding the internal state of the house. Together with physics-based and data-driven models, these data are used to develop digital twins at different capability levels demonstrated in virtual reality. The work, in addition to presenting a blueprint for developing digital twins, also provided future research directions to enhance the technology.

Time series anomaly detection has applications in a wide range of research fields and applications, including manufacturing and healthcare. The presence of anomalies can indicate novel or unexpected events, such as production faults, system defects, or heart fluttering, and is therefore of particular interest. The large size and complex patterns of time series have led researchers to develop specialised deep learning models for detecting anomalous patterns. This survey focuses on providing structured and comprehensive state-of-the-art time series anomaly detection models through the use of deep learning. It providing a taxonomy based on the factors that divide anomaly detection models into different categories. Aside from describing the basic anomaly detection technique for each category, the advantages and limitations are also discussed. Furthermore, this study includes examples of deep anomaly detection in time series across various application domains in recent years. It finally summarises open issues in research and challenges faced while adopting deep anomaly detection models.

本文介绍了一个集成预测方法，通过减少特征和模型选择假设来显示M4Competitiation数据集的强劲结果，称为甜甜圈（不利用人为假设）。我们的假设减少，主要由自动生成的功能和更多样化的集合模型组成，显着优于Montero-Manso等人的统计特征的集合方法FForma。 （2020）。此外，我们用长短期内存网络（LSTM）AutoEncoder调查特征提取，并发现此类特征包含传统统计特征方法未捕获的重要信息。合奏加权模型使用LSTM功能和统计功能准确地结合模型。特征重要性和交互的分析表明，单独的统计数据的LSTM特征略有优势。聚类分析表明，不同的基本LSTM功能与大多数统计特征不同。我们还发现，通过使用新模型增强合奏来增加加权模型的解决方案空间是加权模型学习使用的东西，解释了准确性的一部分。最后，我们为集合的最佳组合和选择提供了正式的前后事实分析，通过M4数据集的线性优化量化差异。我们还包括一个简短的证据，模型组合优于模型选择，后者。

非侵入性负载监控（NILM）是将总功率消耗分为单个子组件的任务。多年来，已经合并了信号处理和机器学习算法以实现这一目标。关于最先进的方法，进行了许多出版物和广泛的研究工作，以涉及最先进的方法。科学界最初使用机器学习工具的尼尔姆问题制定和描述的最初兴趣已经转变为更实用的尼尔姆。如今，我们正处于成熟的尼尔姆时期，在现实生活中的应用程序方案中尝试使用尼尔姆。因此，算法的复杂性，可转移性，可靠性，实用性和普遍的信任度是主要的关注问题。这篇评论缩小了早期未成熟的尼尔姆时代与成熟的差距。特别是，本文仅对住宅电器的尼尔姆方法提供了全面的文献综述。本文分析，总结并介绍了大量最近发表的学术文章的结果。此外，本文讨论了这些方法的亮点，并介绍了研究人员应考虑的研究困境，以应用尼尔姆方法。最后，我们表明需要将传统分类模型转移到一个实用且值得信赖的框架中。

最近，已经努力将信号阶段和时机（SPAT）消息标准化。这些消息包含所有信号交叉方法的信号相时机。因此，这些信息可用于有效的运动计划，从而导致更多均匀的交通流量和均匀的速度轮廓。尽管努力为半活化的信号控制系统提供了可靠的预测，但预测完全驱动控制的信号相时仍具有挑战性。本文提出了使用聚合的流量信号和循环检测器数据的时间序列预测框架。我们利用最先进的机器学习模型来预测未来信号阶段的持续时间。线性回归（LR），随机森林（RF）和长期内存（LSTM）神经网络的性能是针对天真基线模型进行评估的。结果基于瑞士苏黎世的全面信号控制系统的经验数据集表明，机器学习模型的表现优于常规预测方法。此外，基于树木的决策模型（例如RF）的表现最佳，其准确性满足实用应用要求。

我们介绍了数据科学预测生命周期中各个阶段开发和采用自动化的技术和文化挑战的说明概述，从而将重点限制为使用结构化数据集的监督学习。此外，我们回顾了流行的开源Python工具，这些工具实施了针对自动化挑战的通用解决方案模式，并突出了我们认为进步仍然需要的差距。

Platelet products are both expensive and have very short shelf lives. As usage rates for platelets are highly variable, the effective management of platelet demand and supply is very important yet challenging. The primary goal of this paper is to present an efficient forecasting model for platelet demand at Canadian Blood Services (CBS). To accomplish this goal, four different demand forecasting methods, ARIMA (Auto Regressive Moving Average), Prophet, lasso regression (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) and LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) networks are utilized and evaluated. We use a large clinical dataset for a centralized blood distribution centre for four hospitals in Hamilton, Ontario, spanning from 2010 to 2018 and consisting of daily platelet transfusions along with information such as the product specifications, the recipients' characteristics, and the recipients' laboratory test results. This study is the first to utilize different methods from statistical time series models to data-driven regression and a machine learning technique for platelet transfusion using clinical predictors and with different amounts of data. We find that the multivariate approaches have the highest accuracy in general, however, if sufficient data are available, a simpler time series approach such as ARIMA appears to be sufficient. We also comment on the approach to choose clinical indicators (inputs) for the multivariate models.

机器学习（ML）代表了当前和未来信息系统的关键技术，许多域已经利用了ML的功能。但是，网络安全中ML的部署仍处于早期阶段，揭示了研究和实践之间的显着差异。这种差异在当前的最新目的中具有其根本原因，该原因不允许识别ML在网络安全中的作用。除非广泛的受众理解其利弊，否则ML的全部潜力将永远不会释放。本文是对ML在整个网络安全领域中的作用的首次尝试 - 对任何对此主题感兴趣的潜在读者。我们强调了ML在人类驱动的检测方法方面的优势，以及ML在网络安全方面可以解决的其他任务。此外，我们阐明了影响网络安全部署实际ML部署的各种固有问题。最后，我们介绍了各种利益相关者如何为网络安全中ML的未来发展做出贡献，这对于该领域的进一步进步至关重要。我们的贡献补充了两项实际案例研究，这些案例研究描述了ML作为对网络威胁的辩护的工业应用。

在过去的十年中，数字双胞胎的概念在受欢迎程度上爆发了，但围绕其多个定义，其新颖性作为新技术的新颖性以及其实际适用性仍然存在，尽管进行了许多评论，调查和新闻稿，但其实际适用性仍然存在。探索了数字双胞胎一词的历史，以及其在产品生命周期管理，资产维护和设备车队管理，运营和计划领域的初始背景。还基于七个基本要素提供了一个最小可行的框架来利用数字双胞胎的定义。还概述了采用DT方法的DT应用程序和行业的简短旅行。预测维护领域突出了数字双胞胎框架的应用，并使用基于机器学习和基于物理的建模的扩展。采用机器学习和基于物理的建模的组合形成混合数字双胞胎框架，可以协同减轻隔离使用时每种方法的缺点。还讨论了实践实施数字双胞胎模型的关键挑战。随着数字双技术的快速增长及其成熟，预计将实现实质性增强工具和解决方案的巨大希望，以实现智能设备的智能维护。

在当前的Internet-Internet-More（IoT）部署中，依赖于TCP协议的传统IP网络和IOT特定协议的组合可用于将数据从源传输到目标。因此，使用TCP SYN攻击的TCP特定攻击，例如使用TCP SYN攻击的分布式拒绝服务（DDOS）是攻击者可以在网络物理系统（CPS）上使用的最合理的工具之一。这可以通过从其IOT子系统启动攻击来完成，这里被称为“CPS-IOT”，其潜在的传播到位于雾中的不同服务器和CP的云基础架构。该研究比较了监督，无监督和半监控机器学习算法的有效性，用于检测CPS-IOT中的DDOS攻击，特别是在通过因特网到网络空间到网络空间的数据传输期间。所考虑的算法广泛地分为二：i）检测算法，其包括逻辑回归（LGR），K型和人工神经网络（ANN）。我们还研究了半监督混合学习模型的有效性，它使用无监督的K-means来标记数据，然后将输出馈送到攻击检测的监督学习模型。 II。）预测算法 - LGR，内核RIDGE回归（KRR）和支持向量回归（SVR），用于预测即将发生的攻击。进行实验试验并获得结果表明，杂交模型能够达到100％的精度，零误报;虽然所有预测模型都能够实现超过94％的攻击预测准确性。