本文提出了2022年访问量的挑战的最终结果。 OOV竞赛介绍了一个重要方面,而光学角色识别(OCR)模型通常不会研究,即,在培训时对看不见的场景文本实例的识别。竞赛编制了包含326,385张图像的公共场景文本数据集的集合,其中包含4,864,405个场景文本实例,从而涵盖了广泛的数据分布。形成了一个新的独立验证和测试集,其中包括在训练时出词汇量不超出词汇的场景文本实例。竞争是在两项任务中进行的,分别是端到端和裁剪的文本识别。介绍了基线和不同参与者的结果的详尽分析。有趣的是,在新研究的设置下,当前的最新模型显示出显着的性能差距。我们得出的结论是,在此挑战中提出的OOV数据集将是要探索的重要领域,以开发场景文本模型,以实现更健壮和广义的预测。
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我们提出了一种用于场景文本视觉问题的新型多模式架构(STVQA),命名为布局感知变压器(LatR)。 STVQA的任务需要模型以推理不同的方式。因此,我们首先调查每种方式的影响,并揭示语言模块的重要性,尤其是在丰富布局信息时。考虑到这一点,我们提出了一种客观预培训计划,只需要文本和空间线索。我们表明,尽管域间隙差距,但仍然对扫描文件进行了对扫描文件的培训方案具有某些优点。扫描的文档易于采购,文本密集并具有各种布局,帮助模型通过捆绑语言和布局信息来学习各种空间线索(例如,下面等等)。与现有方法相比,我们的方法执行无词汇解码,如图所示,概括到超出培训词汇。我们进一步证明Latr改善了对OCR错误的鲁棒性,在STVQA失败的常见原因。另外,通过利用视觉变压器,我们消除了对外部物体检测器的需求。 Latr在多个数据集上赢得最先进的STVQA方法。特别是+ 7.6%的TextVQA,ST-VQA上的10.8%,+ 4.0%在OCR-VQA(所有绝对精度数字)。
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该报告介绍了我们对ECCV 2022挑战的获胜者解决方案,挑战了播放视频的文本理解(OOV-ST):裁剪单词识别。这项挑战是在所有内容(TIE)中的ECCV 2022讲习班的背景下举行的,该研讨会(TIE)旨在从自然场景图像中提取出播出的单词。在竞争中,我们首先在合成数据集上进行预训练,然后在训练集中对模型进行数据增强进行微调。同时,针对长期和垂直文本进行了专门训练的另外两个型号。最后,我们将不同模型的输出与不同的层,不同的骨干和不同种子结合在一起。当考虑使用唱歌内和播放量的单词时,我们的解决方案的总体单词准确性为69.73%。
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无约束的手写文本识别是一项具有挑战性的计算机视觉任务。传统上,它是通过两步方法来处理的,结合了线细分,然后是文本线识别。我们第一次为手写文档识别任务提出了无端到端的无分段体系结构:文档注意网络。除文本识别外,该模型还接受了使用类似XML的方式使用开始和结束标签标记文本零件的训练。该模型由用于特征提取的FCN编码器和用于复发令牌预测过程的变压器解码器层组成。它将整个文本文档作为输入和顺序输出字符以及逻辑布局令牌。与现有基于分割的方法相反,该模型是在不使用任何分割标签的情况下进行训练的。我们在页面级别的Read 2016数据集以及CER分别为3.43%和3.70%的双页级别上获得了竞争成果。我们还为Rimes 2009数据集提供了页面级别的结果,达到CER的4.54%。我们在https://github.com/factodeeplearning/dan上提供所有源代码和预训练的模型权重。
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上下文感知的str方法通常使用内部自回旋(AR)语言模型(LM)。 AR模型的固有局限性动机是采用外部LM的两阶段方法。输入图像上外部LM的条件独立性可能导致其错误地纠正正确的预测,从而导致明显的低效率。我们的方法Parseq使用置换语言建模学习了具有共同权重的内部AR LMS集合。它统一了无上下文的非AR和上下文感知的AR推断,并使用双向上下文统一了迭代的精致。使用合成训练数据,Parseq实现了最新的(SOTA),从而获得了Str基准(精度为91.9%)和更具挑战性的数据集。在对实际数据进行培训时,它建立了新的SOTA结果(精度为96.0%)。 Parseq由于其简单,统一的结构和平行的令牌处理,对准确性与参数计数,拖放和延迟非常最佳。由于其广泛使用了注意力,它对在现实世界图像中常见的任意导向文本具有鲁棒性。代码,预处理的权重和数据可在以下网址提供:https://github.com/baudm/parseq。
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本文介绍了用于文档图像分析的图像数据集的系统文献综述,重点是历史文档,例如手写手稿和早期印刷品。寻找适当的数据集进行历史文档分析是促进使用不同机器学习算法进行研究的关键先决条件。但是,由于实际数据非常多(例如,脚本,任务,日期,支持系统和劣化量),数据和标签表示的不同格式以及不同的评估过程和基准,因此找到适当的数据集是一项艰巨的任务。这项工作填补了这一空白,并在现有数据集中介绍了元研究。经过系统的选择过程(根据PRISMA指南),我们选择了56项根据不同因素选择的研究,例如出版年份,文章中实施的方法数量,所选算法的可靠性,数据集大小和期刊的可靠性出口。我们通过将其分配给三个预定义的任务之一来总结每个研究:文档分类,布局结构或语义分析。我们为每个数据集提供统计,文档类型,语言,任务,输入视觉方面和地面真实信息。此外,我们还提供了这些论文或最近竞争的基准任务和结果。我们进一步讨论了该领域的差距和挑战。我们倡导将转换工具提供到通用格式(例如,用于计算机视觉任务的可可格式),并始终提供一组评估指标,而不仅仅是一种评估指标,以使整个研究的结果可比性。
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在本报告中,我们展示了ICDAR 2021版文档视觉问题挑战的结果。此版本在单个文档VQA和Document Collection VQA上补充了以前的任务,并在Infographics VQA上进行了新引入的。信息图表VQA基于超过5,000个信息图表图像和30,000个问题答案对的新数据集。获胜者方法在Infographics VQA任务中获得了0.6120个ANL,0.7743 anlsl在文档集中的VQA任务和单个文档VQA中的0.8705 ANL中。我们展示了用于每个任务的数据集的摘要,每个提交的方法的描述以及它们的性能的结果和分析。由于还提出了自从第一版DocVQA 2020挑战以来在单个文档VQA上取得的摘要。
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标记数据通常昂贵且耗时,特别是对于诸如对象检测和实例分割之类的任务,这需要对图像的密集标签进行密集的标签。虽然几张拍摄对象检测是关于培训小说中的模型(看不见的)对象类具有很少的数据,但它仍然需要在许多标记的基础(见)类的课程上进行训练。另一方面,自我监督的方法旨在从未标记数据学习的学习表示,该数据转移到诸如物体检测的下游任务。结合几次射击和自我监督的物体检测是一个有前途的研究方向。在本调查中,我们审查并表征了几次射击和自我监督对象检测的最新方法。然后,我们给我们的主要外卖,并讨论未来的研究方向。https://gabrielhuang.github.io/fsod-survey/的项目页面
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Leveraging the advances of natural language processing, most recent scene text recognizers adopt an encoder-decoder architecture where text images are first converted to representative features and then a sequence of characters via `sequential decoding'. However, scene text images suffer from rich noises of different sources such as complex background and geometric distortions which often confuse the decoder and lead to incorrect alignment of visual features at noisy decoding time steps. This paper presents I2C2W, a novel scene text recognition technique that is tolerant to geometric and photometric degradation by decomposing scene text recognition into two inter-connected tasks. The first task focuses on image-to-character (I2C) mapping which detects a set of character candidates from images based on different alignments of visual features in an non-sequential way. The second task tackles character-to-word (C2W) mapping which recognizes scene text by decoding words from the detected character candidates. The direct learning from character semantics (instead of noisy image features) corrects falsely detected character candidates effectively which improves the final text recognition accuracy greatly. Extensive experiments over nine public datasets show that the proposed I2C2W outperforms the state-of-the-art by large margins for challenging scene text datasets with various curvature and perspective distortions. It also achieves very competitive recognition performance over multiple normal scene text datasets.
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由于其在多语言翻译,自动驾驶等方面的广泛应用,因此场景文本识别引起了近年来的兴趣。在本报告中,我们描述了我们对词汇表场上的解决方案的解决方案,该解决方案是词汇表场上的文本理解(OOV-ST)挑战,旨在从自然场景图像中提取胶卷外(OOV)单词。我们基于OCLIP的模型在H-Mean中获得28.59 \%,在ECCV2022 TIE Workshop中对OOV挑战的端到端OOV单词识别曲目排名第一。
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文本识别是文档数字化的长期研究问题。现有的方法通常是基于CNN构建的,以用于图像理解,并为Char-Level文本生成而建立RNN。此外,通常需要另一种语言模型来提高整体准确性作为后处理步骤。在本文中,我们提出了一种使用预训练的图像变压器和文本变压器模型(即Trocr)提出的端到端文本识别方法,该模型利用了变压器体系结构,以实现图像理解和文字级级文本生成。TROR模型很简单,但有效,可以通过大规模合成数据进行预训练,并通过人体标记的数据集进行微调。实验表明,TROR模型的表现优于印刷,手写和场景文本识别任务上的当前最新模型。Trocr模型和代码可在\ url {https://aka.ms/trocr}上公开获得。
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This study focuses on improving the optical character recognition (OCR) data for panels in the COMICS dataset, the largest dataset containing text and images from comic books. To do this, we developed a pipeline for OCR processing and labeling of comic books and created the first text detection and recognition datasets for western comics, called "COMICS Text+: Detection" and "COMICS Text+: Recognition". We evaluated the performance of state-of-the-art text detection and recognition models on these datasets and found significant improvement in word accuracy and normalized edit distance compared to the text in COMICS. We also created a new dataset called "COMICS Text+", which contains the extracted text from the textboxes in the COMICS dataset. Using the improved text data of COMICS Text+ in the comics processing model from resulted in state-of-the-art performance on cloze-style tasks without changing the model architecture. The COMICS Text+ dataset can be a valuable resource for researchers working on tasks including text detection, recognition, and high-level processing of comics, such as narrative understanding, character relations, and story generation. All the data and inference instructions can be accessed in https://github.com/gsoykan/comics_text_plus.
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Recently, models based on deep neural networks have dominated the fields of scene text detection and recognition. In this paper, we investigate the problem of scene text spotting, which aims at simultaneous text detection and recognition in natural images. An end-to-end trainable neural network model for scene text spotting is proposed. The proposed model, named as Mask TextSpotter, is inspired by the newly published work Mask R-CNN. Different from previous methods that also accomplish text spotting with end-to-end trainable deep neural networks, Mask TextSpotter takes advantage of simple and smooth end-to-end learning procedure, in which precise text detection and recognition are acquired via semantic segmentation. Moreover, it is superior to previous methods in handling text instances of irregular shapes, for example, curved text. Experiments on ICDAR2013, ICDAR2015 and Total-Text demonstrate that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art results in both scene text detection and end-to-end text recognition tasks.
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The International Workshop on Reading Music Systems (WoRMS) is a workshop that tries to connect researchers who develop systems for reading music, such as in the field of Optical Music Recognition, with other researchers and practitioners that could benefit from such systems, like librarians or musicologists. The relevant topics of interest for the workshop include, but are not limited to: Music reading systems; Optical music recognition; Datasets and performance evaluation; Image processing on music scores; Writer identification; Authoring, editing, storing and presentation systems for music scores; Multi-modal systems; Novel input-methods for music to produce written music; Web-based Music Information Retrieval services; Applications and projects; Use-cases related to written music. These are the proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Reading Music Systems, held in Alicante on the 23rd of July 2021.
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Furigana是日语写作中使用的发音笔记。能够检测到这些可以帮助提高光学特征识别(OCR)性能,或通过正确显示Furigana来制作日本书面媒体的更准确的数字副本。该项目的重点是在日本书籍和漫画中检测Furigana。尽管已经研究了日本文本的检测,但目前尚无提议检测Furigana的方法。我们构建了一个包含日本书面媒体和Furigana注释的新数据集。我们建议对此类数据的评估度量,该度量与对象检测中使用的评估协议类似,除非它允许对象组通过一个注释标记。我们提出了一种基于数学形态和连接组件分析的Furigana检测方法。我们评估数据集的检测,并比较文本提取的不同方法。我们还分别评估了不同类型的图像,例如书籍和漫画,并讨论每种图像的挑战。所提出的方法在数据集上达到76 \%的F1得分。该方法在常规书籍上表现良好,但在漫画和不规则格式的书籍上的表现较少。最后,我们证明所提出的方法可以在漫画109数据集上提高OCR的性能5 \%。源代码可通过\ texttt {\ url {https://github.com/nikolajkb/furiganadetection}}}
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Scene text spotting is of great importance to the computer vision community due to its wide variety of applications. Recent methods attempt to introduce linguistic knowledge for challenging recognition rather than pure visual classification. However, how to effectively model the linguistic rules in end-to-end deep networks remains a research challenge. In this paper, we argue that the limited capacity of language models comes from 1) implicit language modeling; 2) unidirectional feature representation; and 3) language model with noise input. Correspondingly, we propose an autonomous, bidirectional and iterative ABINet++ for scene text spotting. Firstly, the autonomous suggests enforcing explicitly language modeling by decoupling the recognizer into vision model and language model and blocking gradient flow between both models. Secondly, a novel bidirectional cloze network (BCN) as the language model is proposed based on bidirectional feature representation. Thirdly, we propose an execution manner of iterative correction for the language model which can effectively alleviate the impact of noise input. Finally, to polish ABINet++ in long text recognition, we propose to aggregate horizontal features by embedding Transformer units inside a U-Net, and design a position and content attention module which integrates character order and content to attend to character features precisely. ABINet++ achieves state-of-the-art performance on both scene text recognition and scene text spotting benchmarks, which consistently demonstrates the superiority of our method in various environments especially on low-quality images. Besides, extensive experiments including in English and Chinese also prove that, a text spotter that incorporates our language modeling method can significantly improve its performance both in accuracy and speed compared with commonly used attention-based recognizers.
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有效的缩放和灵活的任务接口使大型语言模型能够在许多任务中表现出色。帕利(Pali)根据视觉和文本输入生成文本,并使用该界面以许多语言执行许多视觉,语言和多模式任务。为了训练帕利,我们利用了大型的编码器语言模型和视觉变压器(VITS)。这使我们能够利用其现有能力,并利用培训它们的大量成本。我们发现,视觉和语言组成部分的联合缩放很重要。由于现有的语言变压器比其视觉对应物要大得多,因此我们训练迄今为止最大的VIT(VIT-E),以量化甚至大容量视觉模型的好处。为了训练Pali,我们基于一个新的图像文本训练集,其中包含10B图像和文本,以100多种语言来创建大型的多语言组合。帕利(Pali)在多个视觉和语言任务(例如字幕,视觉问题,索方式,场景文本理解)中实现了最新的,同时保留了简单,模块化和可扩展的设计。
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了解文档图像(例如,发票)是一个重要的研究主题,并在文档处理自动化中具有许多应用。通过基于深度学习的光学字符识别(OCR)的最新进展,目前的视觉文档了解(VDU)系统已经基于OCR设计。虽然这种基于OCR的方法承诺合理的性能,但它们遭受了由OCR引起的关键问题,例如(1)(1)昂贵的计算成本和(2)由于OCR误差传播而导致的性能下降。在本文中,我们提出了一种新颖的VDU模型,即结束可训练而不支撑OCR框架。为此,我们提出了一个新的任务和合成文档图像生成器,以预先列车,以减轻大规模实体文档图像上的依赖关系。我们的方法在公共基准数据集和私营工业服务数据集中了解各种文档的最先进的性能。通过广泛的实验和分析,我们展示了拟议模型的有效性,特别是考虑到真实世界的应用。
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几乎所有场景文本发现(检测和识别)方法依赖于昂贵的框注释(例如,文本线框,单词级框和字符级框)。我们首次证明培训场景文本发现模型可以通过每个实例的单点的极低成本注释来实现。我们提出了一种端到端的场景文本发现方法,将场景文本拍摄作为序列预测任务,如语言建模。给予图像作为输入,我们将所需的检测和识别结果作为一系列离散令牌制定,并使用自动回归变压器来预测序列。我们在几个水平,多面向和任意形状的场景文本基准上实现了有希望的结果。最重要的是,我们表明性能对点注释的位置不是很敏感,这意味着它可以比需要精确位置的边界盒更容易地注释并自动生成。我们认为,这种先锋尝试表明了场景文本的重要机会,比以前可能的比例更大的比例更大。
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State-of-the-art computer vision systems are trained to predict a fixed set of predetermined object categories. This restricted form of supervision limits their generality and usability since additional labeled data is needed to specify any other visual concept. Learning directly from raw text about images is a promising alternative which leverages a much broader source of supervision. We demonstrate that the simple pre-training task of predicting which caption goes with which image is an efficient and scalable way to learn SOTA image representations from scratch on a dataset of 400 million (image, text) pairs collected from the internet. After pre-training, natural language is used to reference learned visual concepts (or describe new ones) enabling zero-shot transfer of the model to downstream tasks. We study the performance of this approach by benchmarking on over 30 different existing computer vision datasets, spanning tasks such as OCR, action recognition in videos, geo-localization, and many types of fine-grained object classification. The model transfers non-trivially to most tasks and is often competitive with a fully supervised baseline without the need for any dataset specific training. For instance, we match the accuracy of the original ResNet-50 on ImageNet zero-shot without needing to use any of the 1.28 million training examples it was trained on. We release our code and pre-trained model weights at https://github.com/OpenAI/CLIP.
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