在这项工作中,我们考虑欺骗性的欺骗性的集合愚人节(AFD)新闻文章作为欺骗检测任务的现有数据集中的有用添加。这些系列具有既定的基础事实,跨语言构建相对容易。因此,我们介绍了一个包含来自希腊报纸和新闻网站的历时的AFD和正常文章的语料库。最重要的是,我们建立了丰富的语言功能集,并与目前可用的唯一AFD系列进行了分析,并比较其欺骗性提示,这是英文。在目前的研究线程之后,我们还讨论了对这两个数据集的欺骗中的个人主义/集体主义维度。最后,我们通过测试各种单声道和Crosslingual设置来构建分类器。结果展示了AFD数据集可以有助于欺骗检测研究,并且与其他欺骗性检测工作的观察结果进行对齐。
translated by 谷歌翻译
本概述论文描述了乌尔都语语言中的假新闻检测的第一个共享任务。该任务是作为二进制分类任务的,目标是区分真实新闻和虚假新闻。我们提供了一个数据集,分为900个注释的新闻文章,用于培训,并进行了400篇新闻文章进行测试。该数据集包含五个领域的新闻:(i)健康,(ii)体育,(iii)Showbiz,(iv)技术和(v)业务。来自6个不同国家(印度,中国,埃及,德国,巴基斯坦和英国)的42个团队登记了这项任务。9个团队提交了他们的实验结果。参与者使用了各种机器学习方法,从基于功能的传统机器学习到神经网络技术。最佳性能系统的F得分值为0.90,表明基于BERT的方法优于其他机器学习技术
translated by 谷歌翻译
对于政治和社会科学以及语言学和自然语言处理(NLP),它们都很有趣。退出研究涵盖了各个议会内的讨论。相比之下,我们将高级NLP方法应用于2017年至2020年之间的六个国家议会(保加利亚,捷克语,法语,斯洛文尼亚,西班牙语和英国)的联合和比较分析,其笔录是Parlamint数据集收集的一部分。使用统一的方法,我们分析了讨论,情感和情感的主题。我们评估说话者的年龄,性别和政治取向是否可以从演讲中检测到。结果表明,分析国家之间的一些共同点和许多令人惊讶的差异。
translated by 谷歌翻译
从文本数据中推断出具有政治收费的信息是文本和作者级别的自然语言处理(NLP)的流行研究主题。近年来,对这种研究的研究是在伯特等变形金刚的代表性的帮助下进行的。尽管取得了很大的成功,但我们可能会询问是否通过将基于转换的模型与其他知识表示形式相结合,是否可以进一步改善结果。为了阐明这个问题,本工作描述了一系列实验,以比较英语和葡萄牙语中文本的政治推断的替代模型配置。结果表明,某些文本表示形式 - 特别是,BERT预训练的语言模型与句法依赖模型的联合使用可能胜过多个实验环境的替代方案,这是进一步研究异质文本表示的潜在强大案例在这些以及可能的其他NLP任务中。
translated by 谷歌翻译
We present the Verifee Dataset: a novel dataset of news articles with fine-grained trustworthiness annotations. We develop a detailed methodology that assesses the texts based on their parameters encompassing editorial transparency, journalist conventions, and objective reporting while penalizing manipulative techniques. We bring aboard a diverse set of researchers from social, media, and computer sciences to overcome barriers and limited framing of this interdisciplinary problem. We collect over $10,000$ unique articles from almost $60$ Czech online news sources. These are categorized into one of the $4$ classes across the credibility spectrum we propose, raging from entirely trustworthy articles all the way to the manipulative ones. We produce detailed statistics and study trends emerging throughout the set. Lastly, we fine-tune multiple popular sequence-to-sequence language models using our dataset on the trustworthiness classification task and report the best testing F-1 score of $0.52$. We open-source the dataset, annotation methodology, and annotators' instructions in full length at https://verifee.ai/research to enable easy build-up work. We believe similar methods can help prevent disinformation and educate in the realm of media literacy.
translated by 谷歌翻译
姿态检测的目标是确定以目标朝向目标的文本中表达的视点。这些观点或上下文通常以许多不同的语言表达,这取决于用户和平台,这可以是本地新闻插座,社交媒体平台,新闻论坛等。然而,姿态检测的大多数研究已经限于使用单一语言和几个有限的目标,在交叉舌姿态检测很少有效。此外,标记数据的非英语来源通常稀缺,并具有额外的挑战。最近,大型多语言语言模型在许多非英语任务上大大提高了性能,尤其是具有有限数量的示例。这突出了模型预培训的重要性及其从少数例子中学习的能力。在本文中,我们展示了对日期交叉姿态检测的最全面的研究:我们在6名语言系列中使用12种语言的12种不同的数据集进行实验,每个都有6个低资源评估设置。对于我们的实验,我们构建了模式开发培训,提出了添加一种新颖的标签编码器来简化言语程序。我们进一步提出了基于情绪的姿态数据进行预培训,这在与几个强的基线相比,在低拍摄环境中显示了大量的6%F1绝对的增长。
translated by 谷歌翻译
本文介绍了对土耳其语可用于的语料库和词汇资源的全面调查。我们审查了广泛的资源,重点关注公开可用的资源。除了提供有关可用语言资源的信息外,我们还提供了一组建议,并确定可用于在土耳其语言学和自然语言处理中进行研究和建筑应用的数据中的差距。
translated by 谷歌翻译
在过去十年中,假新闻和错误信息变成了一个主要问题,影响了我们生活的不同方面,包括政治和公共卫生。灵感来自自然人类行为,我们提出了一种自动检测假新闻的方法。自然人行为是通过可靠的来源交叉检查新信息。我们使用自然语言处理(NLP)并构建机器学习(ML)模型,可自动执行与一组预定义的可靠源进行交叉检查新信息的过程。我们为Twitter实施了此功能,并构建标记假推送的模型。具体而言,对于给定的推文,我们使用其文本来查找来自可靠的新闻机构的相关新闻。然后,我们培训一个随机森林模型,检查推文的文本内容是否与可信新闻对齐。如果不是,则推文被归类为假。这种方法通常可以应用于任何类型的信息,并且不限于特定的新闻故事或信息类别。我们的实施此方法提供了70美元的$ 70 \%$准确性,这优于其他通用假新闻分类模型。这些结果为假新闻检测提供了更明智和自然的方法。
translated by 谷歌翻译
了解文本中表达的态度,也称为姿态检测,在旨在在线检测虚假信息的系统中起重要作用,无论是错误信息(无意的假)或虚假信息(故意错误地蔓延,恶意意图)。姿态检测已经以不同的方式在文献中框架,包括(a)作为事实检查,谣言检测和检测先前的事实检查的权利要求,或(b)作为其自己的任务的组件;在这里,我们看看两者。虽然已经进行了与其他相关任务的突出姿态检测,但诸如论证挖掘和情绪分析之类的其他相关任务,但没有调查姿态检测和错误和缺陷检测之间的关系。在这里,我们的目标是弥合这个差距。特别是,我们在焦点中审查和分析了该领域的现有工作,焦点中的错误和不忠实,然后我们讨论了汲取的经验教训和未来的挑战。
translated by 谷歌翻译
In this work, we introduce IndicXTREME, a benchmark consisting of nine diverse tasks covering 18 languages from the Indic sub-continent belonging to four different families. Across languages and tasks, IndicXTREME contains a total of 103 evaluation sets, of which 51 are new contributions to the literature. To maintain high quality, we only use human annotators to curate or translate\footnote{for IndicXParaphrase, where an automatic translation system is used, a second human verification and correction step is done.} our datasets. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort toward creating a standard benchmark for Indic languages that aims to test the zero-shot capabilities of pretrained language models. We also release IndicCorp v2, an updated and much larger version of IndicCorp that contains 20.9 billion tokens in 24 languages. We pretrain IndicBERT v2 on IndicCorp v2 and evaluate it on IndicXTREME to show that it outperforms existing multilingual language models such as XLM-R and MuRIL.
translated by 谷歌翻译
This article presents a dataset of 10,917 news articles with hierarchical news categories collected between January 1st 2019, and December 31st 2019. We manually labelled the articles based on a hierarchical taxonomy with 17 first-level and 109 second-level categories. This dataset can be used to train machine learning models for automatically classifying news articles by topic. This dataset can be helpful for researchers working on news structuring, classification, and predicting future events based on released news.
translated by 谷歌翻译
在当代世界中,自动检测假新闻是一项非常重要的任务。这项研究报告了第二项共享任务,称为Urdufake@fire2021,以识别乌尔都语中的假新闻检测。共同任务的目的是激励社区提出解决这一至关重要问题的有效方法,尤其是对于乌尔都语。该任务被视为二进制分类问题,将给定的新闻文章标记为真实或假新闻文章。组织者提供了一个数据集,其中包括五个领域的新闻:(i)健康,(ii)体育,(iii)Showbiz,(iv)技术和(v)业务,分为培训和测试集。该培训集包含1300篇注释的新闻文章 - 750个真实新闻,550个假新闻,而测试集包含300篇新闻文章 - 200个真实,100个假新闻。来自7个不同国家(中国,埃及,以色列,印度,墨西哥,巴基斯坦和阿联酋)的34个团队注册参加了Urdufake@Fire2021共享任务。在这些情况下,有18个团队提交了实验结果,其中11个提交了技术报告,与2020年的Urdufake共享任务相比,这一报告要高得多,当时只有6个团队提交了技术报告。参与者提交的技术报告展示了不同的数据表示技术,从基于计数的弓形功能到单词矢量嵌入以及使用众多的机器学习算法,从传统的SVM到各种神经网络体系结构,包括伯特和罗伯塔等变形金刚。在今年的比赛中,表现最佳的系统获得了0.679的F1-MACRO得分,低于过去一年的0.907 F1-MaCro的最佳结果。诚然,尽管过去和当前几年的培训集在很大程度上重叠,但如果今年完全不同,则测试集。
translated by 谷歌翻译
深语模型在NLP域中取得了显着的成功。培养深层语言模型的标准方法是从大型未标记的语料库中雇用无监督的学习。但是,这种大型公司仅适用于广泛采用和高资源语言和域名。本研究提出了第一款深语型号DPRK-BERT为朝鲜语言。我们通过编制朝鲜语言的第一个未标记的语料库和微调预先存在的ROK语言模型来实现这一目标。我们将所提出的模型与现有方法进行比较,并显示两个DPRK数据集的显着改进。我们还提供了这种模型的交叉语言版本,其在两种韩语语言中产生了更好的泛化。最后,我们提供与朝鲜语言相关的各种NLP工具,这些工具将培养未来的研究。
translated by 谷歌翻译
社交媒体平台上的滥用内容的增长增加对在线用户的负面影响。对女同性恋,同性恋者,跨性别或双性恋者的恐惧,不喜欢,不适或不疑虑被定义为同性恋/转铁症。同性恋/翻译语音是一种令人反感的语言,可以总结为针对LGBT +人的仇恨语音,近年来越来越受到兴趣。在线同性恋恐惧症/ Transphobobia是一个严重的社会问题,可以使网上平台与LGBT +人有毒和不受欢迎,同时还试图消除平等,多样性和包容性。我们为在线同性恋和转鸟以及专家标记的数据集提供了新的分类分类,这将允许自动识别出具有同种异体/传递内容的数据集。我们受过教育的注释器并以综合的注释规则向他们提供,因为这是一个敏感的问题,我们以前发现未受训练的众包注释者因文化和其他偏见而诊断倡导性的群体。数据集包含15,141个注释的多语言评论。本文介绍了构建数据集,数据的定性分析和注册间协议的过程。此外,我们为数据集创建基线模型。据我们所知,我们的数据集是第一个已创建的数据集。警告:本文含有明确的同性恋,转基因症,刻板印象的明确陈述,这可能对某些读者令人痛苦。
translated by 谷歌翻译
讽刺可以被定义为说或写讽刺与一个人真正想表达的相反,通常是为了侮辱,刺激或娱乐某人。由于文本数据中讽刺性的性质晦涩难懂,因此检测到情感分析研究社区的困难和非常感兴趣。尽管讽刺检测的研究跨越了十多年,但最近已经取得了一些重大进步,包括在多模式环境中采用了无监督的预训练的预训练的变压器,并整合了环境以识别讽刺。在这项研究中,我们旨在简要概述英语计算讽刺研究的最新进步和趋势。我们描述了与讽刺有关的相关数据集,方法,趋势,问题,挑战和任务,这些数据集,趋势,问题,挑战和任务是无法检测到的。我们的研究提供了讽刺数据集,讽刺特征及其提取方法以及各种方法的性能分析,这些表可以帮助相关领域的研究人员了解当前的讽刺检测中最新实践。
translated by 谷歌翻译
While the NLP community is generally aware of resource disparities among languages, we lack research that quantifies the extent and types of such disparity. Prior surveys estimating the availability of resources based on the number of datasets can be misleading as dataset quality varies: many datasets are automatically induced or translated from English data. To provide a more comprehensive picture of language resources, we examine the characteristics of 156 publicly available NLP datasets. We manually annotate how they are created, including input text and label sources and tools used to build them, and what they study, tasks they address and motivations for their creation. After quantifying the qualitative NLP resource gap across languages, we discuss how to improve data collection in low-resource languages. We survey language-proficient NLP researchers and crowd workers per language, finding that their estimated availability correlates with dataset availability. Through crowdsourcing experiments, we identify strategies for collecting high-quality multilingual data on the Mechanical Turk platform. We conclude by making macro and micro-level suggestions to the NLP community and individual researchers for future multilingual data development.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Automatic fake news detection is a challenging problem in misinformation spreading, and it has tremendous real-world political and social impacts. Past studies have proposed machine learning-based methods for detecting such fake news, focusing on different properties of the published news articles, such as linguistic characteristics of the actual content, which however have limitations due to the apparent language barriers. Departing from such efforts, we propose FNDaaS, the first automatic, content-agnostic fake news detection method, that considers new and unstudied features such as network and structural characteristics per news website. This method can be enforced as-a-Service, either at the ISP-side for easier scalability and maintenance, or user-side for better end-user privacy. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method using data crawled from existing lists of 637 fake and 1183 real news websites, and by building and testing a proof of concept system that materializes our proposal. Our analysis of data collected from these websites shows that the vast majority of fake news domains are very young and appear to have lower time periods of an IP associated with their domain than real news ones. By conducting various experiments with machine learning classifiers, we demonstrate that FNDaaS can achieve an AUC score of up to 0.967 on past sites, and up to 77-92% accuracy on newly-flagged ones.
translated by 谷歌翻译
We present a novel corpus for French dialect identification comprising 413,522 French text samples collected from public news websites in Belgium, Canada, France and Switzerland. To ensure an accurate estimation of the dialect identification performance of models, we designed the corpus to eliminate potential biases related to topic, writing style, and publication source. More precisely, the training, validation and test splits are collected from different news websites, while searching for different keywords (topics). This leads to a French cross-domain (FreCDo) dialect identification task. We conduct experiments with four competitive baselines, a fine-tuned CamemBERT model, an XGBoost based on fine-tuned CamemBERT features, a Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifier based on fine-tuned CamemBERT features, and an SVM based on word n-grams. Aside from presenting quantitative results, we also make an analysis of the most discriminative features learned by CamemBERT. Our corpus is available at https://github.com/MihaelaGaman/FreCDo.
translated by 谷歌翻译
缺乏培训数据阻碍了低资源语言检测假新闻(FN)的方法。在这项研究中,我们仅使用来自高资源语言的培训数据来解决问题。我们的FN检测系统通过应用对抗性学习来通过语言传输检测知识,从而允许这种策略。为了协助知识转移,我们的系统通过利用源信息来评判文章的可靠性,这是代表演讲者信誉的跨语性功能。在实验中,与使用机器翻译培训数据集的系统相比,我们的系统的精度高3.71%。此外,我们建议使用假新闻检测的跨语性功能剥削提高了3.03%的准确性。
translated by 谷歌翻译
News articles both shape and reflect public opinion across the political spectrum. Analyzing them for social bias can thus provide valuable insights, such as prevailing stereotypes in society and the media, which are often adopted by NLP models trained on respective data. Recent work has relied on word embedding bias measures, such as WEAT. However, several representation issues of embeddings can harm the measures' accuracy, including low-resource settings and token frequency differences. In this work, we study what kind of embedding algorithm serves best to accurately measure types of social bias known to exist in US online news articles. To cover the whole spectrum of political bias in the US, we collect 500k articles and review psychology literature with respect to expected social bias. We then quantify social bias using WEAT along with embedding algorithms that account for the aforementioned issues. We compare how models trained with the algorithms on news articles represent the expected social bias. Our results suggest that the standard way to quantify bias does not align well with knowledge from psychology. While the proposed algorithms reduce the~gap, they still do not fully match the literature.
translated by 谷歌翻译