由于视频处理方法的稀缺性，图像处理操作通过独立处理每个框架来天真地扩展到视频域。这种无视视频处理中的时间连接通常会导致严重的时间不一致。解决这些不一致之处的最先进的技术取决于未经加工的视频的可用性来虹吸一致的视频动态，以恢复框架处理的视频的时间一致性。我们为这项任务提出了一个新颖的通用框架，该框架学会从不一致的视频中推断出一致的运动动力学，以减轻时间闪烁，同时保留时间相邻和相对较远的框架的感知质量。提出的框架在两个大规模数据集（戴维斯和videvo.net）上产生最新的结果，这些数据集以馈送方式处理众多图像处理任务进行处理。接受代码和训练有素的模型将在接受后发布。

With the advent of Neural Style Transfer (NST), stylizing an image has become quite popular. A convenient way for extending stylization techniques to videos is by applying them on a per-frame basis. However, such per-frame application usually lacks temporal-consistency expressed by undesirable flickering artifacts. Most of the existing approaches for enforcing temporal-consistency suffers from one or more of the following drawbacks. They (1) are only suitable for a limited range of stylization techniques, (2) can only be applied in an offline fashion requiring the complete video as input, (3) cannot provide consistency for the task of stylization, or (4) do not provide interactive consistency-control. Note that existing consistent video-filtering approaches aim to completely remove flickering artifacts and thus do not respect any specific consistency-control aspect. For stylization tasks, however, consistency-control is an essential requirement where a certain amount of flickering can add to the artistic look and feel. Moreover, making this control interactive is paramount from a usability perspective. To achieve the above requirements, we propose an approach that can stylize video streams while providing interactive consistency-control. Apart from stylization, our approach also supports various other image processing filters. For achieving interactive performance, we develop a lite optical-flow network that operates at 80 Frames per second (FPS) on desktop systems with sufficient accuracy. We show that the final consistent video-output using our flow network is comparable to that being obtained using state-of-the-art optical-flow network. Further, we employ an adaptive combination of local and global consistent features and enable interactive selection between the two. By objective and subjective evaluation, we show that our method is superior to state-of-the-art approaches.

Motion blur from camera shake is a major problem in videos captured by hand-held devices. Unlike single-image deblurring, video-based approaches can take advantage of the abundant information that exists across neighboring frames. As a result the best performing methods rely on the alignment of nearby frames. However, aligning images is a computationally expensive and fragile procedure, and methods that aggregate information must therefore be able to identify which regions have been accurately aligned and which have not, a task that requires high level scene understanding. In this work, we introduce a deep learning solution to video deblurring, where a CNN is trained end-toend to learn how to accumulate information across frames. To train this network, we collected a dataset of real videos recorded with a high frame rate camera, which we use to generate synthetic motion blur for supervision. We show that the features learned from this dataset extend to deblurring motion blur that arises due to camera shake in a wide range of videos, and compare the quality of results to a number of other baselines 1 .

动态对象对机器人对环境的看法产生了重大影响，这降低了本地化和映射等基本任务的性能。在这项工作中，我们通过在由动态对象封闭的区域中合成合理的颜色，纹理和几何形状来解决这个问题。我们提出了一种新的几何感知Dynafill架构，其遵循粗略拓扑，并将我们所通用的经常性反馈机制结合到自适应地融合来自之前的时间步来的信息。我们使用对抗性培训来优化架构，以综合精细的现实纹理，使其能够以空间和时间相干的方式在线在线遮挡地区的幻觉和深度结构，而不依赖于未来的帧信息。将我们的待遇问题作为图像到图像到图像的翻译任务，我们的模型还纠正了与场景中动态对象的存在相关的区域，例如阴影或反射。我们引入了具有RGB-D图像，语义分段标签，摄像机的大型高估数据集，以及遮挡区域的地面RGB-D信息。广泛的定量和定性评估表明，即使在挑战天气条件下，我们的方法也能实现最先进的性能。此外，我们使用综合图像显示基于检索的视觉本地化的结果，该图像证明了我们方法的效用。

Many video enhancement algorithms rely on optical flow to register frames in a video sequence. Precise flow estimation is however intractable; and optical flow itself is often a sub-optimal representation for particular video processing tasks. In this paper, we propose task-oriented flow (TOFlow), a motion representation learned in a selfsupervised, task-specific manner. We design a neural network with a trainable motion estimation component and a video processing component, and train them jointly to learn the task-oriented flow. For evaluation, we build Vimeo-90K, a large-scale, high-quality video dataset for low-level video processing. TOFlow outperforms traditional optical flow on standard benchmarks as well as our Vimeo-90K dataset in three video processing tasks: frame interpolation, video denoising/deblocking, and video super-resolution. IntroductionMotion estimation is a key component in video processing tasks such as temporal frame interpolation, video denoising,

视频帧插值（VFI）目前是一个非常活跃的研究主题，具有跨越计算机视觉，后期生产和视频编码的应用程序。 VFI可能非常具有挑战性，特别是在含有大型运动，闭塞或动态纹理的序列中，现有方法未能提供感知鲁棒的插值性能。在这种情况下，我们基于时空多流量架构介绍了一种基于深度学习的VFI方法ST-MFNET。 ST-MFNET采用新的多尺度多流量预测器来估计多对一的中间流动，它们与传统的一对一光流组合以捕获大型和复杂的运动。为了增强各种纹理的插值性能，还用于在扩展时间窗口上模拟内容动态的3D CNN。此外，ST-MFNET已经在ST-GaN框架内培训，该框架最初是为纹理合成而开发的，目的是进一步提高感知插值质量。我们的方法已被全面评估 - 与十四个最先进的VFI算法相比 - 清楚地展示了ST-MFNET在各种和代表性测试数据集上始终如一地优于这些基准，在PSNR中具有显着的收益，用于案件在PSNR中高达1.09dB包括大型运动和动态纹理。项目页面：https://danielism97.github.io/st-mfnet。

最近的基于学习的初始化算法已经达到了在删除视频中的不期望的对象之后完成缺失区域的令人信服的结果。为了保持帧之间的时间一致性，3D空间和时间操作通常在深网络中使用。但是，这些方法通常遭受内存约束，只能处理低分辨率视频。我们提出了一种用于高分辨率视频侵略的新型空间剩余聚集框架。关键的想法是首先在下采样的低分辨率视频上学习和应用空间和时间内染色网络。然后，我们通过将学习的空间和时间图像残差（细节）聚合到上采样的染色帧来细化低分辨率结果。定量和定性评估都表明，我们可以生产出比确定高分辨率视频的最先进的方法产生更多的时间相干和视觉上吸引力。

Photorealistic style transfer aims to transfer the artistic style of an image onto an input image or video while keeping photorealism. In this paper, we think it's the summary statistics matching scheme in existing algorithms that leads to unrealistic stylization. To avoid employing the popular Gram loss, we propose a self-supervised style transfer framework, which contains a style removal part and a style restoration part. The style removal network removes the original image styles, and the style restoration network recovers image styles in a supervised manner. Meanwhile, to address the problems in current feature transformation methods, we propose decoupled instance normalization to decompose feature transformation into style whitening and restylization. It works quite well in ColoristaNet and can transfer image styles efficiently while keeping photorealism. To ensure temporal coherency, we also incorporate optical flow methods and ConvLSTM to embed contextual information. Experiments demonstrates that ColoristaNet can achieve better stylization effects when compared with state-of-the-art algorithms.

本文介绍了一个名为DTVNet的新型端到端动态时间流逝视频生成框架，以从归一化运动向量上的单个景观图像生成多样化的延期视频。所提出的DTVNET由两个子模块组成：\ EMPH {光学流编码器}（OFE）和\ EMPH {动态视频生成器}（DVG）。 OFE将一系列光学流程图映射到编码所生成视频的运动信息的\ Emph {归一化运动向量}。 DVG包含来自运动矢量和单个景观图像的运动和内容流。此外，它包含一个编码器，用于学习共享内容特征和解码器，以构造具有相应运动的视频帧。具体地，\ EMPH {运动流}介绍多个\ EMPH {自适应实例归一化}（Adain）层，以集成用于控制对象运动的多级运动信息。在测试阶段，基于仅一个输入图像，可以产生具有相同内容但具有相同运动信息但各种运动信息的视频。此外，我们提出了一个高分辨率的景区时间流逝视频数据集，命名为快速天空时间，以评估不同的方法，可以被视为高质量景观图像和视频生成任务的新基准。我们进一步对天空延时，海滩和快速天空数据集进行实验。结果证明了我们对最先进的方法产生高质量和各种动态视频的方法的优越性。

Given two consecutive frames, video interpolation aims at generating intermediate frame(s) to form both spatially and temporally coherent video sequences. While most existing methods focus on single-frame interpolation, we propose an end-to-end convolutional neural network for variable-length multi-frame video interpolation, where the motion interpretation and occlusion reasoning are jointly modeled. We start by computing bi-directional optical flow between the input images using a U-Net architecture. These flows are then linearly combined at each time step to approximate the intermediate bi-directional optical flows. These approximate flows, however, only work well in locally smooth regions and produce artifacts around motion boundaries. To address this shortcoming, we employ another U-Net to refine the approximated flow and also predict soft visibility maps. Finally, the two input images are warped and linearly fused to form each intermediate frame. By applying the visibility maps to the warped images before fusion, we exclude the contribution of occluded pixels to the interpolated intermediate frame to avoid artifacts. Since none of our learned network parameters are time-dependent, our approach is able to produce as many intermediate frames as needed. To train our network, we use 1,132 240-fps video clips, containing 300K individual video frames. Experimental results on several datasets, predicting different numbers of interpolated frames, demonstrate that our approach performs consistently better than existing methods.

Standard video frame interpolation methods first estimate optical flow between input frames and then synthesize an intermediate frame guided by motion. Recent ap-proaches merge these two steps into a single convolution process by convolving input frames with spatially adaptive kernels that account for motion and re-sampling simultaneously. These methods require large kernels to handle large motion, which limits the number of pixels whose kernels can be estimated at once due to the large memory demand. To address this problem, this paper formulates frame interpolation as local separable convolution over input frames using pairs of 1D kernels. Compared to regular 2D kernels, the 1D kernels require significantly fewer parameters to be estimated. Our method develops a deep fully convolutional neural network that takes two input frames and estimates pairs of 1D kernels for all pixels simultaneously. Since our method is able to estimate kernels and synthesizes the whole video frame at once, it allows for the incorporation of perceptual loss to train the neural network to produce visually pleasing frames. This deep neural network is trained end-to-end using widely available video data without any human annotation. Both qualitative and quantitative experiments show that our method provides a practical solution to high-quality video frame interpolation.

高动态范围（HDR）成像是一种允许广泛的动态曝光范围的技术，这在图像处理，计算机图形和计算机视觉中很重要。近年来，使用深度学习（DL），HDR成像有重大进展。本研究对深层HDR成像方法的最新发展进行了综合和富有洞察力的调查和分析。在分层和结构上，将现有的深层HDR成像方法基于（1）输入曝光的数量/域，（2）学习任务数，（3）新传感器数据，（4）新的学习策略，（5）应用程序。重要的是，我们对关于其潜在和挑战的每个类别提供建设性的讨论。此外，我们审查了深度HDR成像的一些关键方面，例如数据集和评估指标。最后，我们突出了一些打开的问题，并指出了未来的研究方向。

在极低光线条件下捕获图像会对标准相机管道带来重大挑战。图像变得太黑了，太吵了，这使得传统的增强技术几乎不可能申请。最近，基于学习的方法已经为此任务显示了非常有希望的结果，因为它们具有更大的表现力能力来允许提高质量。这些研究中的激励，在本文中，我们的目标是利用爆破摄影来提高性能，并从极端暗的原始图像获得更加锐利和更准确的RGB图像。我们提出的框架的骨干是一种新颖的粗良好网络架构，逐步产生高质量的输出。粗略网络预测了低分辨率，去噪的原始图像，然后将其馈送到精细网络以恢复微尺的细节和逼真的纹理。为了进一步降低噪声水平并提高颜色精度，我们将该网络扩展到置换不变结构，使得它作为输入突发为低光图像，并在特征级别地合并来自多个图像的信息。我们的实验表明，我们的方法通过生产更详细和相当更高的质量的图像来引起比最先进的方法更令人愉悦的结果。

高动态范围（HDR）视频提供比标准低动态范围（LDR）视频更具视觉上的体验。尽管HDR成像具有重要进展，但仍有一个具有挑战性的任务，可以使用传统的现成摄像头捕获高质量的HDR视频。现有方法完全依赖于在相邻的LDR序列之间使用致密光流来重建HDR帧。然而，当用嘈杂的框架应用于交替的曝光时，它们会导致颜色和暴露的曝光不一致。在本文中，我们提出了一种从LDR序列与交替曝光的LDR序列的HDR视频重建的端到端GAN框架。我们首先从Noisy LDR视频中提取清洁LDR帧，并具有在自我监督设置中培训的去噪网络的交替曝光。然后，我们将相邻的交流帧与参考帧对齐，然后在完全的对手设置中重建高质量的HDR帧。为了进一步提高所产生帧的鲁棒性和质量，我们在培训过程中将时间稳定性的正则化术语与成本函数的内容和风格的损耗一起融合。实验结果表明，我们的框架实现了最先进的性能，并通过现有方法生成视频的优质HDR帧。

固有的图像分解是一个重要且长期存在的计算机视觉问题。给定输入映像，恢复物理场景属性的定位不足。几个出于身体动机的先验已被用来限制固有图像分解的优化问题的解决方案空间。这项工作利用了深度学习的优势，并表明它可以以高效率解决这个具有挑战性的计算机视觉问题。焦点在于特征编码阶段，从输入图像中提取不同固有层的区分特征。为了实现这一目标，我们探讨了高维特征嵌入空间中不同内在组件的独特特性。我们定义特征分布差异，以有效地分离不同内在组件的特征向量。功能分布也受到限制，以通过特征分布一致性符合真实的分布。此外，还提供了一种数据完善方法来消除Sintel数据集中的数据不一致，使其更适合固有图像分解。我们的方法还扩展到基于相邻帧之间像素的对应关系的固有视频分解。实验结果表明，我们提出的网络结构可以胜过现有的最新最新。

尽管在深层视频降级中取得了重大进展，但利用历史和未来框架仍然非常具有挑战性。双向反复网络（BIRNN）在几个视频恢复任务中表现出吸引力的表现。但是，Birnn本质上是离线的，因为它使用向后的复发模块从最后一个帧传播到当前帧，这会导致高潜伏期和大型内存消耗。为了解决Birnn的离线问题，我们提出了一个新颖的经常性网络，该网络由向单向视频DeNoising的前向和观察的经常性模块组成。特别是，look-aver-aph模块是一个精心设计的前向模块，用于利用近距离框架的信息。当降级当前框架时，将隐藏的特征组合出来，并相互反复的模块组合，从而使其可行，可以利用历史和近乎未来的框架。由于不邻近框架之间的现场运动，当从近距离框架到当前框架的扭曲外观功能时，可能会失踪边界像素，这可以通过合并前向翘曲和拟议边框扩大来大大减轻。实验表明，我们的方法通过持续的延迟和记忆消耗实现最先进的性能。代码可在https://github.com/nagejacob/flornn上提供可用。

Video super-resolution (VSR) aiming to reconstruct a high-resolution (HR) video from its low-resolution (LR) counterpart has made tremendous progress in recent years. However, it remains challenging to deploy existing VSR methods to real-world data with complex degradations. On the one hand, there are few well-aligned real-world VSR datasets, especially with large super-resolution scale factors, which limits the development of real-world VSR tasks. On the other hand, alignment algorithms in existing VSR methods perform poorly for real-world videos, leading to unsatisfactory results. As an attempt to address the aforementioned issues, we build a real-world 4 VSR dataset, namely MVSR4$\times$, where low- and high-resolution videos are captured with different focal length lenses of a smartphone, respectively. Moreover, we propose an effective alignment method for real-world VSR, namely EAVSR. EAVSR takes the proposed multi-layer adaptive spatial transform network (MultiAdaSTN) to refine the offsets provided by the pre-trained optical flow estimation network. Experimental results on RealVSR and MVSR4$\times$ datasets show the effectiveness and practicality of our method, and we achieve state-of-the-art performance in real-world VSR task. The dataset and code will be publicly available.

如何正确对视频序列中的框架间关系进行建模是视频恢复（VR）的重要挑战。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个无监督的流动对准​​序列模型（S2SVR）来解决此问题。一方面，在VR中首次探讨了在自然语言处理领域的序列到序列模型。优化的序列化建模显示了捕获帧之间远程依赖性的潜力。另一方面，我们为序列到序列模型配备了无监督的光流估计器，以最大程度地发挥其潜力。通过我们提出的无监督蒸馏损失对流量估计器进行了训练，这可以减轻数据差异和以前基于流动的方法的降解光流问题的不准确降解。通过可靠的光流，我们可以在多个帧之间建立准确的对应关系，从而缩小了1D语言和2D未对准框架之间的域差异，并提高了序列到序列模型的潜力。 S2SVR在多个VR任务中显示出卓越的性能，包括视频脱张，视频超分辨率和压缩视频质量增强。代码和模型可在https://github.com/linjing7/vr-baseline上公开获得

Video enhancement is a challenging problem, more than that of stills, mainly due to high computational cost, larger data volumes and the difficulty of achieving consistency in the spatio-temporal domain. In practice, these challenges are often coupled with the lack of example pairs, which inhibits the application of supervised learning strategies. To address these challenges, we propose an efficient adversarial video enhancement framework that learns directly from unpaired video examples. In particular, our framework introduces new recurrent cells that consist of interleaved local and global modules for implicit integration of spatial and temporal information. The proposed design allows our recurrent cells to efficiently propagate spatio-temporal information across frames and reduces the need for high complexity networks. Our setting enables learning from unpaired videos in a cyclic adversarial manner, where the proposed recurrent units are employed in all architectures. Efficient training is accomplished by introducing one single discriminator that learns the joint distribution of source and target domain simultaneously. The enhancement results demonstrate clear superiority of the proposed video enhancer over the state-of-the-art methods, in all terms of visual quality, quantitative metrics, and inference speed. Notably, our video enhancer is capable of enhancing over 35 frames per second of FullHD video (1080x1920).

人类运动转移是指合成的照片现实和时间连贯的视频，使一个人能够模仿他人的运动。但是，当前的合成视频遭受了序列帧的时间不一致，这些框架显着降低了视频质量，但远未通过像素域中的现有方法来解决。最近，由于图像合成方法的频率不足，一些有关DeepFake检测的作品试图区分频域中的自然图像和合成图像。尽管如此，从自然和合成视频之间的频域间隙方面的各个方面研究合成视频的时间不一致。在本文中，我们建议深入研究频率空间，以进行时间一致的人类运动转移。首先，我们对频域中的自然和合成视频进行了首次综合分析，以揭示单个帧的空间维度和视频的时间维度的频率差距。为了弥补自然视频和合成视频之间的频率差距，我们提出了一个新型的基于频率的人类运动转移框架，名为Fremotr，该框架可以有效地减轻空间伪像以及合成视频的时间不一致。 Fremotr探索了两个基于频率的新型正则化模块：1）频域外观正则化（FAR），以改善个人在单个帧中的外观和2）时间频率正则化（TFR），以确保相邻框架之间的时间一致性。最后，全面的实验表明，FremoTR不仅在时间一致性指标中产生卓越的性能，而且还提高了合成视频的框架级视觉质量。特别是，时间一致性指标比最新模型提高了近30％。