在这项研究中,我们开发了机器学习模型,以预测废物到燃料植物的未来传感器读数,这将积极控制工厂的运营。我们开发了可预测传感器读数30和60分钟的模型。使用历史数据对模型进行了培训,并根据在特定时间进行的传感器读数进行预测。我们比较了三种类型的模型:(a)仅考虑最后一个预测值的a n \“ aive预测,(b)基于过去的传感器数据进行预测的神经网络(我们考虑了不同的时间窗口尺寸以进行预测)和(c)由我们开发的一组功能创建的梯度增强树回收剂。我们在加拿大的一家废物燃料工厂上开发并测试了模型。我们发现提供的方法(c)提供了最佳结果,而方法(b)提供了不同的结果,并且无法始终如一地超越n \“ aive”。
translated by 谷歌翻译
The cyber-physical convergence is opening up new business opportunities for industrial operators. The need for deep integration of the cyber and the physical worlds establishes a rich business agenda towards consolidating new system and network engineering approaches. This revolution would not be possible without the rich and heterogeneous sources of data, as well as the ability of their intelligent exploitation, mainly due to the fact that data will serve as a fundamental resource to promote Industry 4.0. One of the most fruitful research and practice areas emerging from this data-rich, cyber-physical, smart factory environment is the data-driven process monitoring field, which applies machine learning methodologies to enable predictive maintenance applications. In this paper, we examine popular time series forecasting techniques as well as supervised machine learning algorithms in the applied context of Industry 4.0, by transforming and preprocessing the historical industrial dataset of a packing machine's operational state recordings (real data coming from the production line of a manufacturing plant from the food and beverage domain). In our methodology, we use only a single signal concerning the machine's operational status to make our predictions, without considering other operational variables or fault and warning signals, hence its characterization as ``agnostic''. In this respect, the results demonstrate that the adopted methods achieve a quite promising performance on three targeted use cases.
translated by 谷歌翻译
变压器已成为自然语言处理(NLP)字段中的De-Facto标准。他们也在计算机视觉和其他域中获得了势头。变形金刚可以使人工智能(AI)模型能够动态地关注其输入的某些部分,因此更有效地关注某些部分。灵感来自变形金刚的成功,我们采用了这种技术来预测在多个视野中的战略飞行偏离需求。这项工作是为了支持斜切式的移动应用程序,PAIR,将预测的偏离需求显示为通用航空(GA)飞行运营商,因此他们可以更好地了解繁忙时期离开延误潜力的意识。涉及Pacer以前设计的基于规则的预测方法的现场示范表明,离职需求的预测准确性仍然具有改进的空间。本研究致力于提高来自两个关键方面的预测精度:更好的数据源和鲁棒预测算法。我们利用了两个数据来源,航空系统性能指标(ASPM)和系统广播信息管理(游泳)作为我们的输入。然后,我们用时间融合变压器(TFT)接受了预测的预测模型,用于五个不同的机场。案例研究表明,TFT通过大幅度的传统预测方法可以更好地表现优于传统的预测方法,它们可以在各种机场和更好的解释性方面导致更好的预测。
translated by 谷歌翻译
石油加工行业的产品质量评估可能难以耗时,例如耗时。由于手动收集来自植物的液体样品和随后的样品化学实验室分析。产品质量是一个重要的财产,通知该过程的产品是否在规范内。特别是,样品处理(集合,实验室测量,结果分析,报告)引起的延迟会导致经济不利影响。处理此问题的策略之一是软传感器。软传感器是一种模型的集合,可以用于预测和预测基于物理传感器提供的温度,压力和流速的更频繁测量量的数量频繁测量的一些不经常测量的特性(例如石油产品的实验室测量)。软传感器短切路线,以获得有关产品质量的相关信息,通常每分钟提供频繁的测量。软传感器的一个应用是通过对操作参数的目标适应来实时优化化学过程。用于软传感器的模型可以具有各种形式,然而,最常见的是基于人工神经网络(ANNS)的形式。虽然软传感器可以处理炼油厂流程中的一些问题,但他们的开发和部署可以提出本文解决的其他挑战。首先,重要的是要在数据预处理阶段(如方法部分中所述)中的两组数据(实验室测量和物理传感器)的质量非常重要。其次,一旦数据集被预先处理,需要针对预测误差和模型的解释性测试不同的模型。在这项工作中,我们介绍了从原始数据到即用型号的软传感器开发的框架。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Time Series Forecasting has been an active area of research due to its many applications ranging from network usage prediction, resource allocation, anomaly detection, and predictive maintenance. Numerous publications published in the last five years have proposed diverse sets of objective loss functions to address cases such as biased data, long-term forecasting, multicollinear features, etc. In this paper, we have summarized 14 well-known regression loss functions commonly used for time series forecasting and listed out the circumstances where their application can aid in faster and better model convergence. We have also demonstrated how certain categories of loss functions perform well across all data sets and can be considered as a baseline objective function in circumstances where the distribution of the data is unknown. Our code is available at GitHub: https://github.com/aryan-jadon/Regression-Loss-Functions-in-Time-Series-Forecasting-Tensorflow.
translated by 谷歌翻译
电力是一种波动的电源,需要短期和长期的精力计划和资源管理。更具体地说,在短期,准确的即时能源消耗中,预测极大地提高了建筑物的效率,为采用可再生能源提供了新的途径。在这方面,数据驱动的方法,即基于机器学习的方法,开始优先于更传统的方法,因为它们不仅提供了更简化的部署方式,而且还提供了最新的结果。从这个意义上讲,这项工作应用和比较了几种深度学习算法,LSTM,CNN,CNN-LSTM和TCN的性能,在制造业内的一个真实测试中。实验结果表明,TCN是预测短期即时能源消耗的最可靠方法。
translated by 谷歌翻译
在化学厂的运行过程中,必须始终保持产品质量,并应最大程度地降低规范产品的生产。因此,必须测量与产品质量相关的过程变量,例如工厂各个部分的材料的温度和组成,并且必须根据测量结果进行适当的操作(即控制)。一些过程变量(例如温度和流速)可以连续,即时测量。但是,其他变量(例如成分和粘度)只能通过从植物中抽样物质后进行耗时的分析来获得。已经提出了软传感器,用于估算从易于测量变量实时获得的过程变量。但是,在未记录的情况下(推断),传统统计软传感器的估计精度(由记录的测量值构成)可能非常差。在这项研究中,我们通过使用动态模拟器来估算植物的内部状态变量,该模拟器可以根据化学工程知识和人工智能(AI)技术估算和预测未记录的情况,称为增强学习,并建议使用使用估计植物的内部状态变量作为软传感器。此外,我们描述了使用此类软传感器的植物操作和控制的前景以及为拟议系统获得必要的预测模型(即模拟器)的方法。
translated by 谷歌翻译
在本文中,我们提出了一种基于短期内存网络的长期方法,以根据过去的测量值预测公共建筑物的能源消耗。我们的方法包括三个主要步骤:数据处理步骤,培训和验证步骤,最后是预测步骤。我们在一个数据集上测试了我们的方法,该数据集由英国国家档案馆的主要建筑物的主要建筑物,在KEW中,作为评估指标,我们使用了平均绝对错误(MAE)和平均绝对百分比错误(Mape)。
translated by 谷歌翻译
本研究介绍了混合过程建模和优化的广阔视角,将科学知识和数据分析在生物处理和化学工程中与科学引导机学习(SGML)方法相结合。我们将这种方法分为两大类。首先是指基于数据的ML模型的恭维的情况并使基于第一原理的科学的模型在预测中更准确,并且第二个对应于科学知识有助于使ML模型更加科学地保持的情况。我们对科学和工程文献进行了详细审查,与混合SGML方法有关,并提出了混合动力SGML模型的系统分类。为了应用ML改善基于科学的模型,我们呈现了直串行和并行混合建模的子类别及其组合,反向建模,阶阶建模,量化过程中的不确定性,甚至发现该过程的管理方程式的博览会模型。为了应用科学原则来改善ML模型,我们讨论科学导游的设计,学习和改进的子类别。对于每个子类别,我们确定其要求,优势和局限性以及其在生物处理和化学工程中的出版和潜在的应用领域。
translated by 谷歌翻译
电力公用事业公司依靠短期需求预测,以期待重大变化的预期调整生产和分配。该系统审查分析了2000年至2019年之间的学术期刊上发布的240份作品,专注于将人工智能(AI),统计和混合模型应用于短期负荷预测(STLF)。这项工作代表了迄今为止对该主题的最全面的审查。进行了对文献的完整分析,以确定最流行和最准确的技术以及现有的空隙。研究结果表明,尽管人工神经网络(ANN)继续成为最常用的独立技术,但研究人员已经超出了不同技术的混合组合,以利用各种方法的组合优势。审查表明,这些混合组合通常可以实现超过99%的预测精度。短期预测最成功的持续时间已被识别为每小时间隔的一天的预测。审查已确定访问培训模型所需的数据集的不足。在亚洲,欧洲,北美和澳大利亚以外的研究区域中已经确定了一个显着差距。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Algorithms that involve both forecasting and optimization are at the core of solutions to many difficult real-world problems, such as in supply chains (inventory optimization), traffic, and in the transition towards carbon-free energy generation in battery/load/production scheduling in sustainable energy systems. Typically, in these scenarios we want to solve an optimization problem that depends on unknown future values, which therefore need to be forecast. As both forecasting and optimization are difficult problems in their own right, relatively few research has been done in this area. This paper presents the findings of the ``IEEE-CIS Technical Challenge on Predict+Optimize for Renewable Energy Scheduling," held in 2021. We present a comparison and evaluation of the seven highest-ranked solutions in the competition, to provide researchers with a benchmark problem and to establish the state of the art for this benchmark, with the aim to foster and facilitate research in this area. The competition used data from the Monash Microgrid, as well as weather data and energy market data. It then focused on two main challenges: forecasting renewable energy production and demand, and obtaining an optimal schedule for the activities (lectures) and on-site batteries that lead to the lowest cost of energy. The most accurate forecasts were obtained by gradient-boosted tree and random forest models, and optimization was mostly performed using mixed integer linear and quadratic programming. The winning method predicted different scenarios and optimized over all scenarios jointly using a sample average approximation method.
translated by 谷歌翻译
With the evolution of power systems as it is becoming more intelligent and interactive system while increasing in flexibility with a larger penetration of renewable energy sources, demand prediction on a short-term resolution will inevitably become more and more crucial in designing and managing the future grid, especially when it comes to an individual household level. Projecting the demand for electricity for a single energy user, as opposed to the aggregated power consumption of residential load on a wide scale, is difficult because of a considerable number of volatile and uncertain factors. This paper proposes a customized GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architecture to address this challenging problem. LSTM and GRU are comparatively newer and among the most well-adopted deep learning approaches. The electricity consumption datasets were obtained from individual household smart meters. The comparison shows that the LSTM model performs better for home-level forecasting than alternative prediction techniques-GRU in this case. To compare the NN-based models with contrast to the conventional statistical technique-based model, ARIMA based model was also developed and benchmarked with LSTM and GRU model outcomes in this study to show the performance of the proposed model on the collected time series data.
translated by 谷歌翻译
机器学习(ML)是指根据大量数据预测有意义的输出或对复杂系统进行分类的计算机算法。 ML应用于各个领域,包括自然科学,工程,太空探索甚至游戏开发。本文的重点是在化学和生物海洋学领域使用机器学习。在预测全球固定氮水平,部分二氧化碳压力和其他化学特性时,ML的应用是一种有前途的工具。机器学习还用于生物海洋学领域,可从各种图像(即显微镜,流车和视频记录器),光谱仪和其他信号处理技术中检测浮游形式。此外,ML使用其声学成功地对哺乳动物进行了分类,在特定的环境中检测到濒临灭绝的哺乳动物和鱼类。最重要的是,使用环境数据,ML被证明是预测缺氧条件和有害藻华事件的有效方法,这是对环境监测的重要测量。此外,机器学习被用来为各种物种构建许多对其他研究人员有用的数据库,而创建新算法将帮助海洋研究界更好地理解海洋的化学和生物学。
translated by 谷歌翻译
我们基于技能评分,对确定性太阳预测进行了首次全面的荟萃分析,筛选了Google Scholar的1,447篇论文,并审查了320篇论文的全文以进行数据提取。用多元自适应回归样条模型,部分依赖图和线性回归构建和分析了4,758点的数据库。值得注意的是,分析说明了数据中最重要的非线性关系和交互项。我们量化了对重要变量的预测准确性的影响,例如预测范围,分辨率,气候条件,区域的年度太阳辐照度水平,电力系统大小和容量,预测模型,火车和测试集以及使用不同的技术和投入。通过控制预测之间的关键差异,包括位置变量,可以在全球应用分析的发现。还提供了该领域科学进步的概述。
translated by 谷歌翻译
A digital twin is defined as a virtual representation of a physical asset enabled through data and simulators for real-time prediction, optimization, monitoring, controlling, and improved decision-making. Unfortunately, the term remains vague and says little about its capability. Recently, the concept of capability level has been introduced to address this issue. Based on its capability, the concept states that a digital twin can be categorized on a scale from zero to five, referred to as standalone, descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, prescriptive, and autonomous, respectively. The current work introduces the concept in the context of the built environment. It demonstrates the concept by using a modern house as a use case. The house is equipped with an array of sensors that collect timeseries data regarding the internal state of the house. Together with physics-based and data-driven models, these data are used to develop digital twins at different capability levels demonstrated in virtual reality. The work, in addition to presenting a blueprint for developing digital twins, also provided future research directions to enhance the technology.
translated by 谷歌翻译
这项工作提出了一种用于参与感测的无线传感器网络的提议,其中IOT传感装置特别用于监测和预测空气质量,作为高成本气象站的替代方案。该系统称为PMSening,旨在测量颗粒材料。通过将原型收集的数据与来自车站的数据进行比较来完成验证。比较表明,结果是关闭的,这可以为问题提供低成本解决方案。该系统仍然呈现了使用反复性神经网络的预测分析,在这种情况下,在这种情况下,预测呈现与实际数据相关的高精度。
translated by 谷歌翻译
评估能源转型和能源市场自由化对资源充足性的影响是一种越来越重要和苛刻的任务。能量系统的上升复杂性需要足够的能量系统建模方法,从而提高计算要求。此外,随着复杂性,同样调用概率评估和场景分析同样增加不确定性。为了充分和高效地解决这些各种要求,需要来自数据科学领域的新方法来加速当前方法。通过我们的系统文献综述,我们希望缩小三个学科之间的差距(1)电力供应安全性评估,(2)人工智能和(3)实验设计。为此,我们对所选应用领域进行大规模的定量审查,并制作彼此不同学科的合成。在其他发现之外,我们使用基于AI的方法和应用程序的AI方法和应用来确定电力供应模型的复杂安全性的元素,并作为未充分涵盖的应用领域的储存调度和(非)可用性。我们结束了推出了一种新的方法管道,以便在评估电力供应安全评估时充分有效地解决当前和即将到来的挑战。
translated by 谷歌翻译
The hydrodynamic performance of a sea-going ship varies over its lifespan due to factors like marine fouling and the condition of the anti-fouling paint system. In order to accurately estimate the power demand and fuel consumption for a planned voyage, it is important to assess the hydrodynamic performance of the ship. The current work uses machine-learning (ML) methods to estimate the hydrodynamic performance of a ship using the onboard recorded in-service data. Three ML methods, NL-PCR, NL-PLSR and probabilistic ANN, are calibrated using the data from two sister ships. The calibrated models are used to extract the varying trend in ship's hydrodynamic performance over time and predict the change in performance through several propeller and hull cleaning events. The predicted change in performance is compared with the corresponding values estimated using the fouling friction coefficient ($\Delta C_F$). The ML methods are found to be performing well while modelling the hydrodynamic state variables of the ships with probabilistic ANN model performing the best, but the results from NL-PCR and NL-PLSR are not far behind, indicating that it may be possible to use simple methods to solve such problems with the help of domain knowledge.
translated by 谷歌翻译
天然气管道中的泄漏检测是石油和天然气行业的一个重要且持续的问题。这尤其重要,因为管道是运输天然气的最常见方法。这项研究旨在研究数据驱动的智能模型使用基本操作参数检测天然气管道的小泄漏的能力,然后使用现有的性能指标比较智能模型。该项目应用观察者设计技术,使用回归分类层次模型来检测天然气管道中的泄漏,其中智能模型充当回归器,并且修改后的逻辑回归模型充当分类器。该项目使用四个星期的管道数据流研究了五个智能模型(梯度提升,决策树,随机森林,支持向量机和人工神经网络)。结果表明,虽然支持向量机和人工神经网络比其他网络更好,但由于其内部复杂性和所使用的数据量,它们并未提供最佳的泄漏检测结果。随机森林和决策树模型是最敏感的,因为它们可以在大约2小时内检测到标称流量的0.1%的泄漏。所有智能模型在测试阶段中具有高可靠性,错误警报率为零。将所有智能模型泄漏检测的平均时间与文献中的实时短暂模型进行了比较。结果表明,智能模型在泄漏检测问题中的表现相对较好。该结果表明,可以与实时瞬态模型一起使用智能模型,以显着改善泄漏检测结果。
translated by 谷歌翻译
在医疗保健系统中,需要患者使用可穿戴设备进行远程数据收集和对健康数据的实时监控以及健康状况的状态。可穿戴设备的这种采用导致收集和传输的数据量显着增加。由于设备由较小的电池电源运行,因此由于设备的高处理要求以进行数据收集和传输,因此可以快速减少它们。鉴于医疗数据的重要性,必须所有传输数据遵守严格的完整性和可用性要求。减少医疗保健数据的量和传输频率将通过使用推理算法改善设备电池寿命。有一个以准确性和效率改善传输指标的问题,彼此之间的权衡,例如提高准确性会降低效率。本文表明,机器学习可用于分析复杂的健康数据指标,例如数据传输的准确性和效率,以使用Levenberg-Marquardt算法来克服权衡问题,从而增强这两个指标,从而通过少较少的样本来传输,同时保持维护准确性。使用标准心率数据集测试该算法以比较指标。结果表明,LMA最好以3.33倍的效率进行样本数据尺寸和79.17%的精度,在7种不同的采样案例中具有相似的准确性,用于测试,但表明效率提高。与具有高效率的现有方法相比,这些提出的方法使用机器学习可以显着改善两个指标,而无需牺牲其他指标。
translated by 谷歌翻译