电力公用事业公司依靠短期需求预测,以期待重大变化的预期调整生产和分配。该系统审查分析了2000年至2019年之间的学术期刊上发布的240份作品,专注于将人工智能(AI),统计和混合模型应用于短期负荷预测(STLF)。这项工作代表了迄今为止对该主题的最全面的审查。进行了对文献的完整分析,以确定最流行和最准确的技术以及现有的空隙。研究结果表明,尽管人工神经网络(ANN)继续成为最常用的独立技术,但研究人员已经超出了不同技术的混合组合,以利用各种方法的组合优势。审查表明,这些混合组合通常可以实现超过99%的预测精度。短期预测最成功的持续时间已被识别为每小时间隔的一天的预测。审查已确定访问培训模型所需的数据集的不足。在亚洲,欧洲,北美和澳大利亚以外的研究区域中已经确定了一个显着差距。
translated by 谷歌翻译
评估能源转型和能源市场自由化对资源充足性的影响是一种越来越重要和苛刻的任务。能量系统的上升复杂性需要足够的能量系统建模方法,从而提高计算要求。此外,随着复杂性,同样调用概率评估和场景分析同样增加不确定性。为了充分和高效地解决这些各种要求,需要来自数据科学领域的新方法来加速当前方法。通过我们的系统文献综述,我们希望缩小三个学科之间的差距(1)电力供应安全性评估,(2)人工智能和(3)实验设计。为此,我们对所选应用领域进行大规模的定量审查,并制作彼此不同学科的合成。在其他发现之外,我们使用基于AI的方法和应用程序的AI方法和应用来确定电力供应模型的复杂安全性的元素,并作为未充分涵盖的应用领域的储存调度和(非)可用性。我们结束了推出了一种新的方法管道,以便在评估电力供应安全评估时充分有效地解决当前和即将到来的挑战。
translated by 谷歌翻译
随着高级数字技术的蓬勃发展,用户以及能源分销商有可能获得有关家庭用电的详细信息。这些技术也可以用来预测家庭用电量(又称负载)。在本文中,我们研究了变分模式分解和深度学习技术的使用,以提高负载预测问题的准确性。尽管在文献中已经研究了这个问题,但选择适当的分解水平和提供更好预测性能的深度学习技术的关注较少。这项研究通过研究六个分解水平和五个不同的深度学习网络的影响来弥合这一差距。首先,使用变分模式分解将原始负载轮廓分解为固有模式函数,以减轻其非平稳方面。然后,白天,小时和过去的电力消耗数据作为三维输入序列馈送到四级小波分解网络模型。最后,将与不同固有模式函数相关的预测序列组合在一起以形成聚合预测序列。使用摩洛哥建筑物的电力消耗数据集(MORED)的五个摩洛哥家庭的负载曲线评估了该方法,并根据最新的时间序列模型和基线持久性模型进行了基准测试。
translated by 谷歌翻译
在时间序列预测的各种软计算方法中,模糊认知地图(FCM)已经显示出显着的结果作为模拟和分析复杂系统动态的工具。 FCM具有与经常性神经网络的相似之处,可以被分类为神经模糊方法。换句话说,FCMS是模糊逻辑,神经网络和专家系统方面的混合,它作为模拟和研究复杂系统的动态行为的强大工具。最有趣的特征是知识解释性,动态特征和学习能力。本调查纸的目标主要是在文献中提出的最相关和最近的基于FCCM的时间序列预测模型概述。此外,本文认为介绍FCM模型和学习方法的基础。此外,该调查提供了一些旨在提高FCM的能力的一些想法,以便在处理非稳定性数据和可扩展性问题等现实实验中涵盖一些挑战。此外,具有快速学习算法的FCMS是该领域的主要问题之一。
translated by 谷歌翻译
With the evolution of power systems as it is becoming more intelligent and interactive system while increasing in flexibility with a larger penetration of renewable energy sources, demand prediction on a short-term resolution will inevitably become more and more crucial in designing and managing the future grid, especially when it comes to an individual household level. Projecting the demand for electricity for a single energy user, as opposed to the aggregated power consumption of residential load on a wide scale, is difficult because of a considerable number of volatile and uncertain factors. This paper proposes a customized GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architecture to address this challenging problem. LSTM and GRU are comparatively newer and among the most well-adopted deep learning approaches. The electricity consumption datasets were obtained from individual household smart meters. The comparison shows that the LSTM model performs better for home-level forecasting than alternative prediction techniques-GRU in this case. To compare the NN-based models with contrast to the conventional statistical technique-based model, ARIMA based model was also developed and benchmarked with LSTM and GRU model outcomes in this study to show the performance of the proposed model on the collected time series data.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Algorithms that involve both forecasting and optimization are at the core of solutions to many difficult real-world problems, such as in supply chains (inventory optimization), traffic, and in the transition towards carbon-free energy generation in battery/load/production scheduling in sustainable energy systems. Typically, in these scenarios we want to solve an optimization problem that depends on unknown future values, which therefore need to be forecast. As both forecasting and optimization are difficult problems in their own right, relatively few research has been done in this area. This paper presents the findings of the ``IEEE-CIS Technical Challenge on Predict+Optimize for Renewable Energy Scheduling," held in 2021. We present a comparison and evaluation of the seven highest-ranked solutions in the competition, to provide researchers with a benchmark problem and to establish the state of the art for this benchmark, with the aim to foster and facilitate research in this area. The competition used data from the Monash Microgrid, as well as weather data and energy market data. It then focused on two main challenges: forecasting renewable energy production and demand, and obtaining an optimal schedule for the activities (lectures) and on-site batteries that lead to the lowest cost of energy. The most accurate forecasts were obtained by gradient-boosted tree and random forest models, and optimization was mostly performed using mixed integer linear and quadratic programming. The winning method predicted different scenarios and optimized over all scenarios jointly using a sample average approximation method.
translated by 谷歌翻译
短期负荷预测(STLF)由于复杂的时间序列(TS)是一种表达三个季节性模式和非线性趋势的挑战。本文提出了一种新的混合分层深度学习模型,涉及多个季节性,并产生两点预测和预测间隔(PIS)。它结合了指数平滑(ES)和经常性神经网络(RNN)。 ES动态提取每个单独的TS的主要组件,并启用在飞行的临时化,这在相对较小的数据集上操作时特别有用。多层RNN配备了一种新型扩张的经常性电池,旨在有效地模拟TS中的短期和长期依赖性。为了改善内部TS表示,因此模型的性能,RNN同时学习ES参数和主要映射函数将输入转换为预测。我们比较我们对几种基线方法的方法,包括古典统计方法和机器学习(ML)方法,在35个欧洲国家的STLF问题。实证研究清楚地表明,该模型具有高表现力,以解决非线性随机预测问题,包括多个季节性和显着的随机波动。实际上,它在准确性方面优于统计和最先进的ML模型。
translated by 谷歌翻译
该软件随着先进技术和方法论的发明而迅速变化。响应不断变化的业务需求而快速,成功升级软件的能力比以往任何时候都重要。对于软件产品的长期管理,测量软件可维护性至关重要。通过提供软件可维护性的准确预测,将软计算技术用于软件可维护性预测,在软件维护过程中表现出了巨大的希望。为了更好地了解软计算技术在软件可维护性预测中的作用,我们旨在为软件可维护性预测提供对软计算技术的系统文献综述。首先,我们提供了软件可维护性的详细概述。之后,我们探讨了软件可维护性的基本原理以及采用软计算方法来预测软件可维护性的原因。后来,我们检查了软件可维护预测过程中采用的软计算方法。此外,我们讨论了与使用软计算技术预测软件可维护性相关的困难和潜在解决方案。最后,我们以一些有希望的未来方向来结束审查,以推动这一有前途的领域的进一步研究创新和发展。
translated by 谷歌翻译
人工智能(AI)最近展示了它几乎所有生活领域的能力。机器学习是AI的一个子集,是研究人员的“热门”主题。机器学习在几乎全自然应用中优于其他经典预测技术。这是现代研究的关键部分。根据本声明,现代机器学习算法令人渴望大数据。由于小型数据集,研究人员可能不喜欢使用机器学习算法。为了解决这个问题,本调查的主要目的是说明,证明相关的研究,以了解称为灰色机器学习(GML)的半参数机学习框架的重要性。这种框架能够处理大型数据集以及用于时间序列预测可能结果的小型数据集。该调查概述了现有的时间序列预测的半参数机学习技术。本文为研究人员提供了关于GML框架的引物调查。为了允许对读者进行深入的理解,讨论了机器学习的简要描述,以及各种形式的传统灰色预测模型。此外,介绍了关于GML框架的重要性的简要说明。
translated by 谷歌翻译
A well-performing prediction model is vital for a recommendation system suggesting actions for energy-efficient consumer behavior. However, reliable and accurate predictions depend on informative features and a suitable model design to perform well and robustly across different households and appliances. Moreover, customers' unjustifiably high expectations of accurate predictions may discourage them from using the system in the long term. In this paper, we design a three-step forecasting framework to assess predictability, engineering features, and deep learning architectures to forecast 24 hourly load values. First, our predictability analysis provides a tool for expectation management to cushion customers' anticipations. Second, we design several new weather-, time- and appliance-related parameters for the modeling procedure and test their contribution to the model's prediction performance. Third, we examine six deep learning techniques and compare them to tree- and support vector regression benchmarks. We develop a robust and accurate model for the appliance-level load prediction based on four datasets from four different regions (US, UK, Austria, and Canada) with an equal set of appliances. The empirical results show that cyclical encoding of time features and weather indicators alongside a long-short term memory (LSTM) model offer the optimal performance.
translated by 谷歌翻译
预测组合在预测社区中蓬勃发展,近年来,已经成为预测研究和活动主流的一部分。现在,由单个(目标)系列产生的多个预测组合通过整合来自不同来源收集的信息,从而提高准确性,从而减轻了识别单个“最佳”预测的风险。组合方案已从没有估计的简单组合方法演变为涉及时间变化的权重,非线性组合,组件之间的相关性和交叉学习的复杂方法。它们包括结合点预测和结合概率预测。本文提供了有关预测组合的广泛文献的最新评论,并参考可用的开源软件实施。我们讨论了各种方法的潜在和局限性,并突出了这些思想如何随着时间的推移而发展。还调查了有关预测组合实用性的一些重要问题。最后,我们以当前的研究差距和未来研究的潜在见解得出结论。
translated by 谷歌翻译
我们基于技能评分,对确定性太阳预测进行了首次全面的荟萃分析,筛选了Google Scholar的1,447篇论文,并审查了320篇论文的全文以进行数据提取。用多元自适应回归样条模型,部分依赖图和线性回归构建和分析了4,758点的数据库。值得注意的是,分析说明了数据中最重要的非线性关系和交互项。我们量化了对重要变量的预测准确性的影响,例如预测范围,分辨率,气候条件,区域的年度太阳辐照度水平,电力系统大小和容量,预测模型,火车和测试集以及使用不同的技术和投入。通过控制预测之间的关键差异,包括位置变量,可以在全球应用分析的发现。还提供了该领域科学进步的概述。
translated by 谷歌翻译
In this paper, we propose a new short-term load forecasting (STLF) model based on contextually enhanced hybrid and hierarchical architecture combining exponential smoothing (ES) and a recurrent neural network (RNN). The model is composed of two simultaneously trained tracks: the context track and the main track. The context track introduces additional information to the main track. It is extracted from representative series and dynamically modulated to adjust to the individual series forecasted by the main track. The RNN architecture consists of multiple recurrent layers stacked with hierarchical dilations and equipped with recently proposed attentive dilated recurrent cells. These cells enable the model to capture short-term, long-term and seasonal dependencies across time series as well as to weight dynamically the input information. The model produces both point forecasts and predictive intervals. The experimental part of the work performed on 35 forecasting problems shows that the proposed model outperforms in terms of accuracy its predecessor as well as standard statistical models and state-of-the-art machine learning models.
translated by 谷歌翻译
传染病仍然是全世界人类疾病和死亡的主要因素之一,其中许多疾病引起了流行的感染波。特定药物和预防疫苗防止大多数流行病的不可用,这使情况变得更糟。这些迫使公共卫生官员,卫生保健提供者和政策制定者依靠由流行病的可靠预测产生的预警系统。对流行病的准确预测可以帮助利益相关者调整对手的对策,例如疫苗接种运动,人员安排和资源分配,以减少手头的情况,这可以转化为减少疾病影响的影响。不幸的是,大多数过去的流行病(例如,登革热,疟疾,肝炎,流感和最新的Covid-19)表现出非线性和非平稳性特征,这是由于它们基于季节性依赖性变化以及这些流行病的性质的扩散波动而引起的。 。我们使用基于最大的重叠离散小波变换(MODWT)自动回归神经网络分析了各种流行时期时间序列数据集,并将其称为EWNET。 MODWT技术有效地表征了流行时间序列中的非平稳行为和季节性依赖性,并在拟议的集合小波网络框架中改善了自回旋神经网络的预测方案。从非线性时间序列的角度来看,我们探讨了所提出的EWNET模型的渐近平稳性,以显示相关的马尔可夫链的渐近行为。我们还理论上还研究了学习稳定性的效果以及在拟议的EWNET模型中选择隐藏的神经元的选择。从实际的角度来看,我们将我们提出的EWNET框架与以前用于流行病预测的几种统计,机器学习和深度学习模型进行了比较。
translated by 谷歌翻译
电力是一种波动的电源,需要短期和长期的精力计划和资源管理。更具体地说,在短期,准确的即时能源消耗中,预测极大地提高了建筑物的效率,为采用可再生能源提供了新的途径。在这方面,数据驱动的方法,即基于机器学习的方法,开始优先于更传统的方法,因为它们不仅提供了更简化的部署方式,而且还提供了最新的结果。从这个意义上讲,这项工作应用和比较了几种深度学习算法,LSTM,CNN,CNN-LSTM和TCN的性能,在制造业内的一个真实测试中。实验结果表明,TCN是预测短期即时能源消耗的最可靠方法。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Dengue fever is a virulent disease spreading over 100 tropical and subtropical countries in Africa, the Americas, and Asia. This arboviral disease affects around 400 million people globally, severely distressing the healthcare systems. The unavailability of a specific drug and ready-to-use vaccine makes the situation worse. Hence, policymakers must rely on early warning systems to control intervention-related decisions. Forecasts routinely provide critical information for dangerous epidemic events. However, the available forecasting models (e.g., weather-driven mechanistic, statistical time series, and machine learning models) lack a clear understanding of different components to improve prediction accuracy and often provide unstable and unreliable forecasts. This study proposes an ensemble wavelet neural network with exogenous factor(s) (XEWNet) model that can produce reliable estimates for dengue outbreak prediction for three geographical regions, namely San Juan, Iquitos, and Ahmedabad. The proposed XEWNet model is flexible and can easily incorporate exogenous climate variable(s) confirmed by statistical causality tests in its scalable framework. The proposed model is an integrated approach that uses wavelet transformation into an ensemble neural network framework that helps in generating more reliable long-term forecasts. The proposed XEWNet allows complex non-linear relationships between the dengue incidence cases and rainfall; however, mathematically interpretable, fast in execution, and easily comprehensible. The proposal's competitiveness is measured using computational experiments based on various statistical metrics and several statistical comparison tests. In comparison with statistical, machine learning, and deep learning methods, our proposed XEWNet performs better in 75% of the cases for short-term and long-term forecasting of dengue incidence.
translated by 谷歌翻译
COVID-19的大流行提出了对多个领域决策者的流行预测的重要性,从公共卫生到整个经济。虽然预测流行进展经常被概念化为类似于天气预测,但是它具有一些关键的差异,并且仍然是一项非平凡的任务。疾病的传播受到人类行为,病原体动态,天气和环境条件的多种混杂因素的影响。由于政府公共卫生和资助机构的倡议,捕获以前无法观察到的方面的丰富数据来源的可用性增加了研究的兴趣。这尤其是在“以数据为中心”的解决方案上进行的一系列工作,这些解决方案通过利用非传统数据源以及AI和机器学习的最新创新来增强我们的预测能力的潜力。这项调查研究了各种数据驱动的方法论和实践进步,并介绍了一个概念框架来导航它们。首先,我们列举了与流行病预测相关的大量流行病学数据集和新的数据流,捕获了各种因素,例如有症状的在线调查,零售和商业,流动性,基因组学数据等。接下来,我们将讨论关注最近基于数据驱动的统计和深度学习方法的方法和建模范式,以及将机械模型知识域知识与统计方法的有效性和灵活性相结合的新型混合模型类别。我们还讨论了这些预测系统的现实部署中出现的经验和挑战,包括预测信息。最后,我们重点介绍了整个预测管道中发现的一些挑战和开放问题。
translated by 谷歌翻译
预测住宅功率使用对于辅助智能电网来管理和保护能量以确保有效使用的必不可少。客户级别的准确能量预测将直接反映电网系统的效率,但由于许多影响因素,例如气象和占用模式,预测建筑能源使用是复杂的任务。在成瘾中,鉴于多传感器环境的出现以及能量消费者和智能电网之间的两种方式通信,在能量互联网(IOE)中,高维时间序列越来越多地出现。因此,能够计算高维时间序列的方法在智能建筑和IOE应用中具有很大的价值。模糊时间序列(FTS)模型作为数据驱动的非参数模型的易于实现和高精度。不幸的是,如果所有功能用于训练模型,现有的FTS模型可能是不可行的。我们通过将原始高维数据投入低维嵌入空间并在该低维表示中使用多变量FTS方法来提出一种用于处理高维时间序列的新方法。组合这些技术使得能够更好地表示多变量时间序列的复杂内容和更准确的预测。
translated by 谷歌翻译
The stock market prediction has been a traditional yet complex problem researched within diverse research areas and application domains due to its non-linear, highly volatile and complex nature. Existing surveys on stock market prediction often focus on traditional machine learning methods instead of deep learning methods. Deep learning has dominated many domains, gained much success and popularity in recent years in stock market prediction. This motivates us to provide a structured and comprehensive overview of the research on stock market prediction focusing on deep learning techniques. We present four elaborated subtasks of stock market prediction and propose a novel taxonomy to summarize the state-of-the-art models based on deep neural networks from 2011 to 2022. In addition, we also provide detailed statistics on the datasets and evaluation metrics commonly used in the stock market. Finally, we highlight some open issues and point out several future directions by sharing some new perspectives on stock market prediction.
translated by 谷歌翻译
在智能电网和负载平衡的背景下,每日峰值负荷预测已成为能源行业利益相关者的关键活动。对峰值幅度和时序的理解对于实现峰值剃须等智能电网策略至关重要。本文提出的建模方法利用了高分辨率和低分辨率信息来预测每日峰值需求规模和时序。由此产生的多分辨率建模框架可以适应不同的模型类。本文的主要贡献是一般性和正式介绍多分辨率建模方法,b)关于通过广义添加剂模型和神经网络和C)实验结果的不同决议的建模方法的讨论英国电力市场。结果证实,建议的建模方法的预测性能与低分辨率和高分辨率替代品具有竞争力。
translated by 谷歌翻译