边缘计算是一项有前途的技术,可以在需要瞬时数据处理的技术领域提供新功能。机器和深度学习等领域的研究人员对其应用程序进行了广泛的边缘和云计算,这主要是由于他们提供的大量计算和存储资源。目前,机器人技术也正在寻求利用这些功能,并且随着5G网络的开发,可以克服该领域的一些现有限制。在这种情况下,重要的是要知道如何利用新兴的边缘体系结构,当今存在哪些类型的边缘体系结构和平台,以及哪些可以并且应该基于每个机器人应用程序使用。一般而言,边缘平台可以以不同的方式实现和使用,尤其是因为有几个提供商提供或多或少提供的一组服务以及一些基本差异。因此,本研究针对那些从事下一代机器人系统开发的人解决了这些讨论,并将有助于理解每个边缘计算体系结构的优势和缺点,以便明智地选择适合每个应用程序的功能。
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Edge computing is becoming more and more popular among researchers who seek to take advantage of the edge resources and the minimal time delays, in order to run their robotic applications more efficiently. Recently, many edge architectures have been proposed, each of them having their advantages and disadvantages, depending on each application. In this work, we present two different edge architectures for controlling the trajectory of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The first architecture is based on docker containers and the second one is based on kubernetes, while the main framework for operating the robot is the Robotic Operating System (ROS). The efficiency of the overall proposed scheme is being evaluated through extended simulations for comparing the two architectures and the overall results obtained.
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In recent years, the exponential proliferation of smart devices with their intelligent applications poses severe challenges on conventional cellular networks. Such challenges can be potentially overcome by integrating communication, computing, caching, and control (i4C) technologies. In this survey, we first give a snapshot of different aspects of the i4C, comprising background, motivation, leading technological enablers, potential applications, and use cases. Next, we describe different models of communication, computing, caching, and control (4C) to lay the foundation of the integration approach. We review current state-of-the-art research efforts related to the i4C, focusing on recent trends of both conventional and artificial intelligence (AI)-based integration approaches. We also highlight the need for intelligence in resources integration. Then, we discuss integration of sensing and communication (ISAC) and classify the integration approaches into various classes. Finally, we propose open challenges and present future research directions for beyond 5G networks, such as 6G.
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随着物联网(IoT)和5G/6G无线通信的进步,近年来,移动计算的范式已经显着发展,从集中式移动云计算到分布式雾计算和移动边缘计算(MEC)。 MEC将计算密集型任务推向网络的边缘,并将资源尽可能接近端点,以解决有关存储空间,资源优化,计算性能和效率方面的移动设备缺点。与云计算相比,作为分布式和更紧密的基础架构,MEC与其他新兴技术的收敛性,包括元元,6G无线通信,人工智能(AI)和区块链,也解决了网络资源分配的问题,更多的网络负载,更多的网络负载,以及延迟要求。因此,本文研究了用于满足现代应用程序严格要求的计算范例。提供了MEC在移动增强现实(MAR)中的应用程序方案。此外,这项调查提出了基于MEC的元元的动机,并将MEC的应用介绍给了元元。特别强调上述一组技术融合,例如6G具有MEC范式,通过区块链加强MEC等。
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Video, as a key driver in the global explosion of digital information, can create tremendous benefits for human society. Governments and enterprises are deploying innumerable cameras for a variety of applications, e.g., law enforcement, emergency management, traffic control, and security surveillance, all facilitated by video analytics (VA). This trend is spurred by the rapid advancement of deep learning (DL), which enables more precise models for object classification, detection, and tracking. Meanwhile, with the proliferation of Internet-connected devices, massive amounts of data are generated daily, overwhelming the cloud. Edge computing, an emerging paradigm that moves workloads and services from the network core to the network edge, has been widely recognized as a promising solution. The resulting new intersection, edge video analytics (EVA), begins to attract widespread attention. Nevertheless, only a few loosely-related surveys exist on this topic. A dedicated venue for collecting and summarizing the latest advances of EVA is highly desired by the community. Besides, the basic concepts of EVA (e.g., definition, architectures, etc.) are ambiguous and neglected by these surveys due to the rapid development of this domain. A thorough clarification is needed to facilitate a consensus on these concepts. To fill in these gaps, we conduct a comprehensive survey of the recent efforts on EVA. In this paper, we first review the fundamentals of edge computing, followed by an overview of VA. The EVA system and its enabling techniques are discussed next. In addition, we introduce prevalent frameworks and datasets to aid future researchers in the development of EVA systems. Finally, we discuss existing challenges and foresee future research directions. We believe this survey will help readers comprehend the relationship between VA and edge computing, and spark new ideas on EVA.
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数字化和自动化方面的快速进步导致医疗保健的加速增长,从而产生了新型模型,这些模型正在创造新的渠道,以降低成本。 Metaverse是一项在数字空间中的新兴技术,在医疗保健方面具有巨大的潜力,为患者和医生带来了现实的经验。荟萃分析是多种促成技术的汇合,例如人工智能,虚拟现实,增强现实,医疗设备,机器人技术,量子计算等。通过哪些方向可以探索提供优质医疗保健治疗和服务的新方向。这些技术的合并确保了身临其境,亲密和个性化的患者护理。它还提供自适应智能解决方案,以消除医疗保健提供者和接收器之间的障碍。本文对医疗保健的荟萃分析提供了全面的综述,强调了最新技术的状态,即采用医疗保健元元的能力技术,潜在的应用程序和相关项目。还确定了用于医疗保健应用的元元改编的问题,并强调了合理的解决方案作为未来研究方向的一部分。
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Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is transforming the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by enhancing the trust of end-users in machines. As the number of connected devices keeps on growing, the Internet of Things (IoT) market needs to be trustworthy for the end-users. However, existing literature still lacks a systematic and comprehensive survey work on the use of XAI for IoT. To bridge this lacking, in this paper, we address the XAI frameworks with a focus on their characteristics and support for IoT. We illustrate the widely-used XAI services for IoT applications, such as security enhancement, Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), Industrial IoT (IIoT), and Internet of City Things (IoCT). We also suggest the implementation choice of XAI models over IoT systems in these applications with appropriate examples and summarize the key inferences for future works. Moreover, we present the cutting-edge development in edge XAI structures and the support of sixth-generation (6G) communication services for IoT applications, along with key inferences. In a nutshell, this paper constitutes the first holistic compilation on the development of XAI-based frameworks tailored for the demands of future IoT use cases.
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In this tutorial paper, we look into the evolution and prospect of network architecture and propose a novel conceptual architecture for the 6th generation (6G) networks. The proposed architecture has two key elements, i.e., holistic network virtualization and pervasive artificial intelligence (AI). The holistic network virtualization consists of network slicing and digital twin, from the aspects of service provision and service demand, respectively, to incorporate service-centric and user-centric networking. The pervasive network intelligence integrates AI into future networks from the perspectives of networking for AI and AI for networking, respectively. Building on holistic network virtualization and pervasive network intelligence, the proposed architecture can facilitate three types of interplay, i.e., the interplay between digital twin and network slicing paradigms, between model-driven and data-driven methods for network management, and between virtualization and AI, to maximize the flexibility, scalability, adaptivity, and intelligence for 6G networks. We also identify challenges and open issues related to the proposed architecture. By providing our vision, we aim to inspire further discussions and developments on the potential architecture of 6G.
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近年来,物联网设备的数量越来越快,这导致了用于管理,存储,分析和从不同物联网设备的原始数据做出决定的具有挑战性的任务,尤其是对于延时敏感的应用程序。在车辆网络(VANET)环境中,由于常见的拓扑变化,车辆的动态性质使当前的开放研究发出更具挑战性,这可能导致车辆之间断开连接。为此,已经在5G基础设施上计算了云和雾化的背景下提出了许多研究工作。另一方面,有多种研究提案旨在延长车辆之间的连接时间。已经定义了车辆社交网络(VSN)以减少车辆之间的连接时间的负担。本调查纸首先提供了关于雾,云和相关范例,如5G和SDN的必要背景信息和定义。然后,它将读者介绍给车辆社交网络,不同的指标和VSN和在线社交网络之间的主要差异。最后,本调查调查了在展示不同架构的VANET背景下的相关工作,以解决雾计算中的不同问题。此外,它提供了不同方法的分类,并在雾和云的上下文中讨论所需的指标,并将其与车辆社交网络进行比较。与VSN和雾计算领域的新研究挑战和趋势一起讨论了相关相关工程的比较。
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本文介绍了CAIR的设计和实施:为社会机器人和其他对话代理而设计的基于知识的自主互动的云系统。该系统对于低成本机器人和设备特别方便。为开发人员提供了一种可持续的解决方案,可以通过网络连接来管理口头和非语言互动,约有3,000个对话主题可以进行“闲聊”,并提供了一个预先煮熟的计划库,只需要将其接地到机器人的库中物理能力。该系统的结构为一组REST API端点,因此可以通过添加新的API来轻松扩展它,以提高连接到云的客户端的功能。该系统的另一个关键功能是它旨在使客户的开发变得直接:这样,可以轻松地赋予多个设备与用户自主交互的能力,了解何时执行特定的操作并利用云服务提供的所有信息。文章概述并讨论了为评估系统响应时间的性能而执行的实验结果,为研究和市场解决方案铺平了道路。提供了与ROS的客户的存储库的链接,并提供了诸如Pepper和Nao之类的流行机器人的链接。
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随着人工智能(AI)的积极发展,基于深神经网络(DNN)的智能应用会改变人们的生活方式和生产效率。但是,从网络边缘生成的大量计算和数据成为主要的瓶颈,传统的基于云的计算模式无法满足实时处理任务的要求。为了解决上述问题,通过将AI模型训练和推理功能嵌入网络边缘,Edge Intelligence(EI)成为AI领域的尖端方向。此外,云,边缘和终端设备之间的协作DNN推断提供了一种有希望的方法来增强EI。然而,目前,以EI为导向的协作DNN推断仍处于早期阶段,缺乏对现有研究工作的系统分类和讨论。因此,我们已经对有关以EI为导向的协作DNN推断的最新研究进行了全面调查。在本文中,我们首先回顾了EI的背景和动机。然后,我们为EI分类了四个典型的DNN推理范例,并分析其特征和关键技术。最后,我们总结了协作DNN推断的当前挑战,讨论未来的发展趋势并提供未来的研究方向。
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通过智能连接设备,技术正在逐步重塑国内环境,提高家庭安全和整体环境质量。然而,人口转移和流行病最近展示导致他们房屋中的老年人隔离,产生了可靠的辅助人物的需求。机器人助理是国内福利创新的新前沿。老年人监测只是一个可能的服务应用之一,智能机器人平台可以处理集体福祉。在本文中,我们展示了一个新的辅助机器人,我们通过模块化的基于层的架构开发,使灵活的机械设计与最先进的人工智能进行了灵活的人工智能,以便感知和声音控制。关于以前的机器人助手的作品,我们提出了一个设置有四个麦粉轮的全向平台,这使得自主导航与杂乱环境中的有效障碍物避免。此外,我们设计可控定位装置,以扩展传感器的视觉范围,并改善对用户界面的访问以进行远程呈现和连接。轻量级深度学习解决方案,用于视觉感知,人员姿势分类和声乐命令完全运行机器人的嵌入式硬件,避免了云服务私有数据收集产生的隐私问题。
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增加制药实验室和生产设施的自动化水平起着至关重要的作用。然而,这一领域的特殊要求使其挑战适应其他行业中存在的尖端技术。本文概述了相关方法以及如何在制药行业中使用,特别是在发展实验室中。最近的进步包括能够处理能够处理复杂任务的灵活移动机械手。然而,由于接口的多样性,将来自许多不同供应商的设备集成到端到端的自动化系统中是复杂的。因此,在本文中考虑了各种标准化方法,提出了一种概念来进一步服用一步。该概念使具有视觉系统的移动操纵器能够“学习”每个设备的姿势,并利用来自通用云数据库的条形码 - 获取接口信息。该信息包括控制和通信协议定义以及操作设备所需的机器人操作的表示。为了定义与设备相关的动作,设备必须具有 - 除了条形码 - 作为标准的基准标记。在随访论文中的适当研究活动之后,将详细阐述该概念。
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近年来,多机器人系统已受到行业和学术界的越来越多的关注。除了需要对相对本地化的准确和强大的估计,对系统的安全性和信任对于实现更广泛的采用至关重要。在本文中,我们提出了一个使用HyperLeDger Fabric在工业应用中进行多机器人协作的框架。我们依靠区块链身份来进行地面和空中机器人的相互作用,并使用智能合约进行协作决策。使用超宽带(UWB)本地化进行自动导航和机器人协作,这扩展了我们以前在基于面料的车队管理方面的工作。我们专注于使用地面机器人和空中机器人检查仓库般的环境,并存储有关区块链中发现的对象的信息。我们衡量添加区块链层,分析交易延迟的影响,并将与区块链相关过程的资源利用与已经运行的数据处理模块进行比较。
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随着自动机器人解决方案无处不在的越来越多,对它们的连通性和多机器人系统中的合作的兴趣正在上升。当前研究问题的两个方面是机器人安全性和对拜占庭代理商的确保多机器人协作。已提出了区块链和其他分布式分类帐技术(DLT)来应对两个领域的挑战。但是,一些关键挑战包括现实世界网络中的可扩展性和部署。本文提出了一种集成IOTA和ROS 2的方法,以实现更可扩展的基于DLT的机器人系统,同时允许部署后进行网络分区耐受性。据我们所知,这是机器人系统IOTA智能合约的首次实施,以及与ROS2的首次集成设计,这与依赖以太坊的绝大多数文献相比。我们提出了一般的IOTA+ROS 2体系结构,导致耐隔离的决策过程,该过程也从嵌入式区块链结构中继承了拜占庭式公差属性。我们证明了在具有间歇性网络连接的系统中进行合作映射应用程序的拟议框架的有效性。在存在网络分区的情况下,我们在以太坊方面表现出了卓越的性能,在计算资源利用方面的影响很小。这些结果为分布式机器人系统中的区块链解决方案更广泛地集成开辟了道路,其连接性和计算要求较少。
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随着智能机器人的广泛渗透,在多种领域,机器人中的同时定位和映射(SLAM)技术在社区中引起了不断的关注。然而,由于机器人的密集图形计算和机器人的有限计算能力之间的性能矛盾,在多个机器人上的合作仍然仍然具有挑战性。虽然传统的解决方案来到功能作为外部计算提供商的强大云服务器,但我们通过实际测量显示数据卸载中的显着通信开销可以防止其实际部署。为了解决这些挑战,本文将新兴边缘计算范例促进到多机器人SLAM中,提出了一种多机器人激光器SLAM系统,该系统专注于在机器人边缘云架构下加速映射施工过程。与传统的多机器人SLAM相比,在机器人上生成图形地图并完全合并它们在云上,recslam开发了一个分层地图融合技术,将机器人的原始数据指向用于实时融合的边缘服务器,然后发送到云端全球合并。为了优化整体管道,引入了一种有效的多机器人SLAM协作处理框架,以便自适应地优化针对异构边缘资源条件的机器人到边缘卸载,同时确保边缘服务器之间的工作量平衡。广泛的评估表明康复伍列可以通过最先进的延迟减少达到39%的处理延迟。此外,在真实场景中开发并部署了概念验证原型,以展示其有效性。
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机器人正在集成更大尺寸的模型以丰富功能并提高准确性,从而导致控制力计算压力。因此,机器人在计算功率和电池容量中遇到瓶颈。雾或云机器人技术是解决这些问题的最期待的理论之一。云机器人技术的方法已从系统级到节点级别开发。但是,当前的节点级系统不够灵活,无法动态适应变化的条件。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了Elasticros,该Elasticros将当前的节点级系统演变为算法级别。 Elasticros基于ROS和ROS2。对于FOG和Cloud Robotics,它是第一个具有算法级协作计算的机器人操作系统。 Elasticros开发弹性协作计算,以实现对动态条件的适应性。协作计算算法是Elasticros的核心和挑战。我们抽象问题,然后提出一种称为Elasaction的算法以解决。这是一种基于在线学习的动态行动决策算法,它决定了机器人和服务器的合作方式。该算法会动态更新参数,以适应机器人当前所在的条件的变化。它根据配置将计算任务的弹性分配到机器人和服务器上。此外,我们证明了弹性的遗憾上限是sublinear,它保证了其收敛性,因此使Elasticros在其弹性上保持稳定。最后,我们对机器人技术的常见任务进行了Elasticros进行实验,包括SLAM,GRASPING和HUMAN-OBOT对话,然后在延迟,CPU使用和功耗中测量其性能。算法级弹性弹性的性能明显优于当前的节点级系统。
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With the increasing growth of information through smart devices, increasing the quality level of human life requires various computational paradigms presentation including the Internet of Things, fog, and cloud. Between these three paradigms, the cloud computing paradigm as an emerging technology adds cloud layer services to the edge of the network so that resource allocation operations occur close to the end-user to reduce resource processing time and network traffic overhead. Hence, the resource allocation problem for its providers in terms of presenting a suitable platform, by using computational paradigms is considered a challenge. In general, resource allocation approaches are divided into two methods, including auction-based methods(goal, increase profits for service providers-increase user satisfaction and usability) and optimization-based methods(energy, cost, network exploitation, Runtime, reduction of time delay). In this paper, according to the latest scientific achievements, a comprehensive literature study (CLS) on artificial intelligence methods based on resource allocation optimization without considering auction-based methods in various computing environments are provided such as cloud computing, Vehicular Fog Computing, wireless, IoT, vehicular networks, 5G networks, vehicular cloud architecture,machine-to-machine communication(M2M),Train-to-Train(T2T) communication network, Peer-to-Peer(P2P) network. Since deep learning methods based on artificial intelligence are used as the most important methods in resource allocation problems; Therefore, in this paper, resource allocation approaches based on deep learning are also used in the mentioned computational environments such as deep reinforcement learning, Q-learning technique, reinforcement learning, online learning, and also Classical learning methods such as Bayesian learning, Cummins clustering, Markov decision process.
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In the Metaverse, the physical space and the virtual space co-exist, and interact simultaneously. While the physical space is virtually enhanced with information, the virtual space is continuously refreshed with real-time, real-world information. To allow users to process and manipulate information seamlessly between the real and digital spaces, novel technologies must be developed. These include smart interfaces, new augmented realities, efficient storage and data management and dissemination techniques. In this paper, we first discuss some promising co-space applications. These applications offer opportunities that neither of the spaces can realize on its own. We then discuss challenges. Finally, we discuss and envision what are likely to be required from the database and system perspectives.
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无线电接入网络(RAN)技术继续见证巨大的增长,开放式运行越来越最近的势头。在O-RAN规范中,RAN智能控制器(RIC)用作自动化主机。本文介绍了对O-RAN堆栈相关的机器学习(ML)的原则,特别是加强学习(RL)。此外,我们审查无线网络的最先进的研究,并将其投入到RAN框架和O-RAN架构的层次结构上。我们在整个开发生命周期中提供ML / RL模型面临的挑战的分类:从系统规范到生产部署(数据采集,模型设计,测试和管理等)。为了解决挑战,我们将一组现有的MLOPS原理整合,当考虑RL代理时,具有独特的特性。本文讨论了系统的生命周期模型开发,测试和验证管道,称为:RLOPS。我们讨论了RLOP的所有基本部分,包括:模型规范,开发和蒸馏,生产环境服务,运营监控,安全/安全和数据工程平台。根据这些原则,我们提出了最佳实践,以实现自动化和可重复的模型开发过程。
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