Video, as a key driver in the global explosion of digital information, can create tremendous benefits for human society. Governments and enterprises are deploying innumerable cameras for a variety of applications, e.g., law enforcement, emergency management, traffic control, and security surveillance, all facilitated by video analytics (VA). This trend is spurred by the rapid advancement of deep learning (DL), which enables more precise models for object classification, detection, and tracking. Meanwhile, with the proliferation of Internet-connected devices, massive amounts of data are generated daily, overwhelming the cloud. Edge computing, an emerging paradigm that moves workloads and services from the network core to the network edge, has been widely recognized as a promising solution. The resulting new intersection, edge video analytics (EVA), begins to attract widespread attention. Nevertheless, only a few loosely-related surveys exist on this topic. A dedicated venue for collecting and summarizing the latest advances of EVA is highly desired by the community. Besides, the basic concepts of EVA (e.g., definition, architectures, etc.) are ambiguous and neglected by these surveys due to the rapid development of this domain. A thorough clarification is needed to facilitate a consensus on these concepts. To fill in these gaps, we conduct a comprehensive survey of the recent efforts on EVA. In this paper, we first review the fundamentals of edge computing, followed by an overview of VA. The EVA system and its enabling techniques are discussed next. In addition, we introduce prevalent frameworks and datasets to aid future researchers in the development of EVA systems. Finally, we discuss existing challenges and foresee future research directions. We believe this survey will help readers comprehend the relationship between VA and edge computing, and spark new ideas on EVA.

In recent years, the exponential proliferation of smart devices with their intelligent applications poses severe challenges on conventional cellular networks. Such challenges can be potentially overcome by integrating communication, computing, caching, and control (i4C) technologies. In this survey, we first give a snapshot of different aspects of the i4C, comprising background, motivation, leading technological enablers, potential applications, and use cases. Next, we describe different models of communication, computing, caching, and control (4C) to lay the foundation of the integration approach. We review current state-of-the-art research efforts related to the i4C, focusing on recent trends of both conventional and artificial intelligence (AI)-based integration approaches. We also highlight the need for intelligence in resources integration. Then, we discuss integration of sensing and communication (ISAC) and classify the integration approaches into various classes. Finally, we propose open challenges and present future research directions for beyond 5G networks, such as 6G.

In this tutorial paper, we look into the evolution and prospect of network architecture and propose a novel conceptual architecture for the 6th generation (6G) networks. The proposed architecture has two key elements, i.e., holistic network virtualization and pervasive artificial intelligence (AI). The holistic network virtualization consists of network slicing and digital twin, from the aspects of service provision and service demand, respectively, to incorporate service-centric and user-centric networking. The pervasive network intelligence integrates AI into future networks from the perspectives of networking for AI and AI for networking, respectively. Building on holistic network virtualization and pervasive network intelligence, the proposed architecture can facilitate three types of interplay, i.e., the interplay between digital twin and network slicing paradigms, between model-driven and data-driven methods for network management, and between virtualization and AI, to maximize the flexibility, scalability, adaptivity, and intelligence for 6G networks. We also identify challenges and open issues related to the proposed architecture. By providing our vision, we aim to inspire further discussions and developments on the potential architecture of 6G.

Computer vision applications in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and autonomous driving (AD) have gravitated towards deep neural network architectures in recent years. While performance seems to be improving on benchmark datasets, many real-world challenges are yet to be adequately considered in research. This paper conducted an extensive literature review on the applications of computer vision in ITS and AD, and discusses challenges related to data, models, and complex urban environments. The data challenges are associated with the collection and labeling of training data and its relevance to real world conditions, bias inherent in datasets, the high volume of data needed to be processed, and privacy concerns. Deep learning (DL) models are commonly too complex for real-time processing on embedded hardware, lack explainability and generalizability, and are hard to test in real-world settings. Complex urban traffic environments have irregular lighting and occlusions, and surveillance cameras can be mounted at a variety of angles, gather dirt, shake in the wind, while the traffic conditions are highly heterogeneous, with violation of rules and complex interactions in crowded scenarios. Some representative applications that suffer from these problems are traffic flow estimation, congestion detection, autonomous driving perception, vehicle interaction, and edge computing for practical deployment. The possible ways of dealing with the challenges are also explored while prioritizing practical deployment.

随着人工智能（AI）的积极发展，基于深神经网络（DNN）的智能应用会改变人们的生活方式和生产效率。但是，从网络边缘生成的大量计算和数据成为主要的瓶颈，传统的基于云的计算模式无法满足实时处理任务的要求。为了解决上述问题，通过将AI模型训练和推理功能嵌入网络边缘，Edge Intelligence（EI）成为AI领域的尖端方向。此外，云，边缘和终端设备之间的协作DNN推断提供了一种有希望的方法来增强EI。然而，目前，以EI为导向的协作DNN推断仍处于早期阶段，缺乏对现有研究工作的系统分类和讨论。因此，我们已经对有关以EI为导向的协作DNN推断的最新研究进行了全面调查。在本文中，我们首先回顾了EI的背景和动机。然后，我们为EI分类了四个典型的DNN推理范例，并分析其特征和关键技术。最后，我们总结了协作DNN推断的当前挑战，讨论未来的发展趋势并提供未来的研究方向。

近年来，物联网设备的数量越来越快，这导致了用于管理，存储，分析和从不同物联网设备的原始数据做出决定的具有挑战性的任务，尤其是对于延时敏感的应用程序。在车辆网络（VANET）环境中，由于常见的拓扑变化，车辆的动态性质使当前的开放研究发出更具挑战性，这可能导致车辆之间断开连接。为此，已经在5G基础设施上计算了云和雾化的背景下提出了许多研究工作。另一方面，有多种研究提案旨在延长车辆之间的连接时间。已经定义了车辆社交网络（VSN）以减少车辆之间的连接时间的负担。本调查纸首先提供了关于雾，云和相关范例，如5G和SDN的必要背景信息和定义。然后，它将读者介绍给车辆社交网络，不同的指标和VSN和在线社交网络之间的主要差异。最后，本调查调查了在展示不同架构的VANET背景下的相关工作，以解决雾计算中的不同问题。此外，它提供了不同方法的分类，并在雾和云的上下文中讨论所需的指标，并将其与车辆社交网络进行比较。与VSN和雾计算领域的新研究挑战和趋势一起讨论了相关相关工程的比较。

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is transforming the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by enhancing the trust of end-users in machines. As the number of connected devices keeps on growing, the Internet of Things (IoT) market needs to be trustworthy for the end-users. However, existing literature still lacks a systematic and comprehensive survey work on the use of XAI for IoT. To bridge this lacking, in this paper, we address the XAI frameworks with a focus on their characteristics and support for IoT. We illustrate the widely-used XAI services for IoT applications, such as security enhancement, Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), Industrial IoT (IIoT), and Internet of City Things (IoCT). We also suggest the implementation choice of XAI models over IoT systems in these applications with appropriate examples and summarize the key inferences for future works. Moreover, we present the cutting-edge development in edge XAI structures and the support of sixth-generation (6G) communication services for IoT applications, along with key inferences. In a nutshell, this paper constitutes the first holistic compilation on the development of XAI-based frameworks tailored for the demands of future IoT use cases.

使用人工智能（AI）赋予无线网络中数据量的前所未有的数据量激增，为提供无处不在的数据驱动智能服务而开辟了新的视野。通过集中收集数据集和培训模型来实现传统的云彩中心学习（ML）基础的服务。然而，这种传统的训练技术包括两个挑战：（i）由于数据通信增加而导致的高通信和能源成本，（ii）通过允许不受信任的各方利用这些信息来威胁数据隐私。最近，鉴于这些限制，一种新兴的新兴技术，包括联合学习（FL），以使ML带到无线网络的边缘。通过以分布式方式培训全局模型，可以通过FL Server策划的全局模型来提取数据孤岛的好处。 FL利用分散的数据集和参与客户的计算资源，在不影响数据隐私的情况下开发广义ML模型。在本文中，我们介绍了对FL的基本面和能够实现技术的全面调查。此外，提出了一个广泛的研究，详细说明了无线网络中的流体的各种应用，并突出了他们的挑战和局限性。进一步探索了FL的疗效，其新兴的前瞻性超出了第五代（B5G）和第六代（6G）通信系统。本调查的目的是在关键的无线技术中概述了流动的技术，这些技术将作为建立对该主题的坚定了解的基础。最后，我们向未来的研究方向提供前进的道路。

数字化和自动化方面的快速进步导致医疗保健的加速增长，从而产生了新型模型，这些模型正在创造新的渠道，以降低成本。 Metaverse是一项在数字空间中的新兴技术，在医疗保健方面具有巨大的潜力，为患者和医生带来了现实的经验。荟萃分析是多种促成技术的汇合，例如人工智能，虚拟现实，增强现实，医疗设备，机器人技术，量子计算等。通过哪些方向可以探索提供优质医疗保健治疗和服务的新方向。这些技术的合并确保了身临其境，亲密和个性化的患者护理。它还提供自适应智能解决方案，以消除医疗保健提供者和接收器之间的障碍。本文对医疗保健的荟萃分析提供了全面的综述，强调了最新技术的状态，即采用医疗保健元元的能力技术，潜在的应用程序和相关项目。还确定了用于医疗保健应用的元元改编的问题，并强调了合理的解决方案作为未来研究方向的一部分。

随着物联网（IoT）和5G/6G无线通信的进步，近年来，移动计算的范式已经显着发展，从集中式移动云计算到分布式雾计算和移动边缘计算（MEC）。 MEC将计算密集型任务推向网络的边缘，并将资源尽可能接近端点，以解决有关存储空间，资源优化，计算性能和效率方面的移动设备缺点。与云计算相比，作为分布式和更紧密的基础架构，MEC与其他新兴技术的收敛性，包括元元，6G无线通信，人工智能（AI）和区块链，也解决了网络资源分配的问题，更多的网络负载，更多的网络负载，以及延迟要求。因此，本文研究了用于满足现代应用程序严格要求的计算范例。提供了MEC在移动增强现实（MAR）中的应用程序方案。此外，这项调查提出了基于MEC的元元的动机，并将MEC的应用介绍给了元元。特别强调上述一组技术融合，例如6G具有MEC范式，通过区块链加强MEC等。

信号处理是几乎任何传感器系统的基本组件，具有不同科学学科的广泛应用。时间序列数据，图像和视频序列包括可以增强和分析信息提取和量化的代表性形式的信号。人工智能和机器学习的最近进步正在转向智能，数据驱动，信号处理的研究。该路线图呈现了最先进的方法和应用程序的关键概述，旨在突出未来的挑战和对下一代测量系统的研究机会。它涵盖了广泛的主题，从基础到工业研究，以简明的主题部分组织，反映了每个研究领域的当前和未来发展的趋势和影响。此外，它为研究人员和资助机构提供了识别新前景的指导。

受到深入学习的巨大成功通过云计算和边缘芯片的快速发展的影响，人工智能研究（AI）的研究已经转移到计算范例，即云计算和边缘计算。近年来，我们目睹了在云服务器上开发更高级的AI模型，以超越传统的深度学习模型，以造成模型创新（例如，变压器，净化家庭），训练数据爆炸和飙升的计算能力。但是，边缘计算，尤其是边缘和云协同计算，仍然在其初期阶段，因为由于资源受限的IOT场景，因此由于部署了非常有限的算法而导致其成功。在本调查中，我们对云和边缘AI进行系统审查。具体而言，我们是第一个设置云和边缘建模的协作学习机制，通过彻底的审查使能够实现这种机制的架构。我们还讨论了一些正在进行的先进EDGE AI主题的潜在和实践经验，包括预先训练模型，图形神经网络和加强学习。最后，我们讨论了这一领域的有希望的方向和挑战。

The last decade witnessed increasingly rapid progress in self-driving vehicle technology, mainly backed up by advances in the area of deep learning and artificial intelligence. The objective of this paper is to survey the current state-of-the-art on deep learning technologies used in autonomous driving. We start by presenting AI-based self-driving architectures, convolutional and recurrent neural networks, as well as the deep reinforcement learning paradigm. These methodologies form a base for the surveyed driving scene perception, path planning, behavior arbitration and motion control algorithms. We investigate both the modular perception-planning-action pipeline, where each module is built using deep learning methods, as well as End2End systems, which directly map sensory information to steering commands. Additionally, we tackle current challenges encountered in designing AI architectures for autonomous driving, such as their safety, training data sources and computational hardware. The comparison presented in this survey helps to gain insight into the strengths and limitations of deep learning and AI approaches for autonomous driving and assist with design choices. 1

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms are considered as a promising technique for next-generation communication networks due to their flexibility, mobility, low cost, and the ability to collaboratively and autonomously provide services. Distributed learning (DL) enables UAV swarms to intelligently provide communication services, multi-directional remote surveillance, and target tracking. In this survey, we first introduce several popular DL algorithms such as federated learning (FL), multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), distributed inference, and split learning, and present a comprehensive overview of their applications for UAV swarms, such as trajectory design, power control, wireless resource allocation, user assignment, perception, and satellite communications. Then, we present several state-of-the-art applications of UAV swarms in wireless communication systems, such us reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), virtual reality (VR), semantic communications, and discuss the problems and challenges that DL-enabled UAV swarms can solve in these applications. Finally, we describe open problems of using DL in UAV swarms and future research directions of DL enabled UAV swarms. In summary, this survey provides a comprehensive survey of various DL applications for UAV swarms in extensive scenarios.

我们提出了一种新的四管齐下的方法，在文献中首次建立消防员的情境意识。我们构建了一系列深度学习框架，彼此之叠，以提高消防员在紧急首次响应设置中进行的救援任务的安全性，效率和成功完成。首先，我们使用深度卷积神经网络（CNN）系统，以实时地分类和识别来自热图像的感兴趣对象。接下来，我们将此CNN框架扩展了对象检测，跟踪，分割与掩码RCNN框架，以及具有多模级自然语言处理（NLP）框架的场景描述。第三，我们建立了一个深入的Q学习的代理，免受压力引起的迷失方向和焦虑，能够根据现场消防环境中观察和存储的事实来制定明确的导航决策。最后，我们使用了一种低计算无监督的学习技术，称为张量分解，在实时对异常检测进行有意义的特征提取。通过这些临时深度学习结构，我们建立了人工智能系统的骨干，用于消防员的情境意识。要将设计的系统带入消防员的使用，我们设计了一种物理结构，其中处理后的结果被用作创建增强现实的投入，这是一个能够建议他们所在地的消防员和周围的关键特征，这对救援操作至关重要在手头，以及路径规划功能，充当虚拟指南，以帮助迷彩的第一个响应者恢复安全。当组合时，这四种方法呈现了一种新颖的信息理解，转移和综合方法，这可能会大大提高消防员响应和功效，并降低寿命损失。

已经提出了高效和自适应计算机视觉系统以使计算机视觉任务，例如图像分类和对象检测，针对嵌入或移动设备进行了优化。这些解决方案最近的起源，专注于通过设计具有近似旋钮的自适应系统来优化模型（深神经网络，DNN）或系统。尽管最近的几项努力，但我们表明现有解决方案遭受了两个主要缺点。首先，系统不考虑模型的能量消耗，同时在制定要运行的模型的决定时。其次，由于其他共同居民工作负载，评估不考虑设备上的争用的实际情况。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种高效和自适应的视频对象检测系统，这是联合优化的精度，能量效率和延迟。底层Virtuoso是一个多分支执行内核，它能够在精度 - 能量 - 延迟轴上的不同运行点处运行，以及轻量级运行时调度程序，以选择最佳的执行分支以满足用户要求。要与Virtuoso相当比较，我们基准于15件最先进的或广泛使用的协议，包括更快的R-CNN（FRCNN），YOLO V3，SSD，培训台，SELSA，MEGA，REPP，FastAdapt和我们的内部FRCNN +，YOLO +，SSD +和高效+（我们的变体具有增强的手机效率）的自适应变体。通过这种全面的基准，Virtuoso对所有上述协议显示出优势，在NVIDIA Jetson Mobile GPU上的每一项效率水平上引领精度边界。具体而言，Virtuoso的准确性为63.9％，比一些流行的物体检测模型高于10％，51.1％，yolo为49.5％。

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are currently widely used for many artificial intelligence (AI) applications including computer vision, speech recognition, and robotics. While DNNs deliver state-of-the-art accuracy on many AI tasks, it comes at the cost of high computational complexity. Accordingly, techniques that enable efficient processing of DNNs to improve energy efficiency and throughput without sacrificing application accuracy or increasing hardware cost are critical to the wide deployment of DNNs in AI systems.This article aims to provide a comprehensive tutorial and survey about the recent advances towards the goal of enabling efficient processing of DNNs. Specifically, it will provide an overview of DNNs, discuss various hardware platforms and architectures that support DNNs, and highlight key trends in reducing the computation cost of DNNs either solely via hardware design changes or via joint hardware design and DNN algorithm changes. It will also summarize various development resources that enable researchers and practitioners to quickly get started in this field, and highlight important benchmarking metrics and design considerations that should be used for evaluating the rapidly growing number of DNN hardware designs, optionally including algorithmic co-designs, being proposed in academia and industry.The reader will take away the following concepts from this article: understand the key design considerations for DNNs; be able to evaluate different DNN hardware implementations with benchmarks and comparison metrics; understand the trade-offs between various hardware architectures and platforms; be able to evaluate the utility of various DNN design techniques for efficient processing; and understand recent implementation trends and opportunities.

In the Metaverse, the physical space and the virtual space co-exist, and interact simultaneously. While the physical space is virtually enhanced with information, the virtual space is continuously refreshed with real-time, real-world information. To allow users to process and manipulate information seamlessly between the real and digital spaces, novel technologies must be developed. These include smart interfaces, new augmented realities, efficient storage and data management and dissemination techniques. In this paper, we first discuss some promising co-space applications. These applications offer opportunities that neither of the spaces can realize on its own. We then discuss challenges. Finally, we discuss and envision what are likely to be required from the database and system perspectives.

自动化驾驶系统（广告）开辟了汽车行业的新领域，为未来的运输提供了更高的效率和舒适体验的新可能性。然而，在恶劣天气条件下的自主驾驶已经存在，使自动车辆（AVS）长时间保持自主车辆（AVS）或更高的自主权。本文评估了天气在分析和统计方式中为广告传感器带来的影响和挑战，并对恶劣天气条件进行了解决方案。彻底报道了关于对每种天气的感知增强的最先进技术。外部辅助解决方案如V2X技术，当前可用的数据集，模拟器和天气腔室的实验设施中的天气条件覆盖范围明显。通过指出各种主要天气问题，自主驾驶场目前正在面临，近年来审查硬件和计算机科学解决方案，这项调查概述了在不利的天气驾驶条件方面的障碍和方向的障碍和方向。

边缘计算广泛用于视频分析。为了减轻准确性和成本之间的固有张力，已经提出了各种视频分析管道，以优化GPU在边缘节点上的使用。但是，我们发现，由于视频内容的变化，在管道的不同位置的视频内容变化，亚次采样和过滤，因此为边缘节点提供的GPU计算资源通常被低估了。与模型和管道优化相反，在这项工作中，我们使用非确定性和分散的闲置GPU资源研究了机会数据增强的问题。具体而言，我们提出了一个特定于任务的歧视和增强模块以及一种模型感知的对抗性训练机制，提供了一种以准确有效的方式识别和转换特定于视频管道的低质量图像的方法。在延迟和GPU资源限制下，进一步开发了多个EXIT模型结构和资源感知调度程序，以做出在线增强决策和细粒度的执行。多个视频分析管道和数据集的实验表明，通过明智地分配少量的空闲资源，这些框架上倾向于通过增强而产生更大的边际收益，我们的系统将DNN对象检测准确性提高了7.3-11.3 \％，而不会产生任何潜行成本。