Dialogue summarization has recently garnered significant attention due to its wide range of applications. However, existing methods for summarizing dialogues are suboptimal because they do not take into account the inherent structure of dialogue and rely heavily on labeled data, which can lead to poor performance in new domains. In this work, we propose DIONYSUS (dynamic input optimization in pre-training for dialogue summarization), a pre-trained encoder-decoder model for summarizing dialogues in any new domain. To pre-train DIONYSUS, we create two pseudo summaries for each dialogue example: one is produced by a fine-tuned summarization model, and the other is a collection of dialogue turns that convey important information. We then choose one of these pseudo summaries based on the difference in information distribution across different types of dialogues. This selected pseudo summary serves as the objective for pre-training DIONYSUS using a self-supervised approach on a large dialogue corpus. Our experiments show that DIONYSUS outperforms existing methods on six datasets, as demonstrated by its ROUGE scores in zero-shot and few-shot settings.
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由于缺乏培训数据和异质知识来源,知识接地的对话系统是挑战的。由于培训数据中涵盖的有限主题,现有系统在不良主题上表现不佳。此外,异构知识源使系统概括到其他任务的系统,因为不同知识表示中的知识来源需要不同的知识编码器。为了解决这些挑战,我们呈现插头,将不同知识来源均匀化为知识接地的对话生成任务的统一知识来源的语言模型。插头在对话生成任务上进行预先培训,调节统一的基本知识表示。它可以通过一些培训示例概括到不同下游知识接地的对话一代任务。两个基准测试的实证评估表明,我们的模型越好跨越不同的知识接地任务。它可以在完全监督的设置下实现具有最先进的方法的可比性,并且显着优于零拍摄和少量拍摄设置中的其他方法。
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Aspect or query-based summarization has recently caught more attention, as it can generate differentiated summaries based on users' interests. However, the current dataset for aspect or query-based summarization either focuses on specific domains, contains relatively small-scale instances, or includes only a few aspect types. Such limitations hinder further explorations in this direction. In this work, we take advantage of crowd-sourcing knowledge on Wikipedia.org and automatically create a high-quality, large-scale open-domain aspect-based summarization dataset named OASum, which contains more than 3.7 million instances with around 1 million different aspects on 2 million Wikipedia pages. We provide benchmark results on OAsum and demonstrate its ability for diverse aspect-based summarization generation. To overcome the data scarcity problem on specific domains, we also perform zero-shot, few-shot, and fine-tuning on seven downstream datasets. Specifically, zero/few-shot and fine-tuning results show that the model pre-trained on our corpus demonstrates a strong aspect or query-focused generation ability compared with the backbone model. Our dataset and pre-trained checkpoints are publicly available.
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在本文中,我们建议利用对话的独特特征,共享参与者的常识性知识,以解决总结它们的困难。我们提出了病态的框架,该框架使用常识推论作为其他背景。与以前仅依赖于输入对话的工作相比,Sick使用外部知识模型来生成丰富的常识推断,并选择具有基于相似性选择方法的最可能的推理。基于生病的,病人++的理解为监督,在总结多任务学习环境中的对话时,添加了产生常识推断的任务。实验结果表明,通过注入常识性知识,我们的框架比现有方法产生更多信息和一致的摘要。
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对话是人类沟通与合作的重要组成部分。现有研究主要关注一对一时尚的短对话情景。然而,现实世界中的多人互动,例如会议或访谈,经常超过几千个字。仍然缺乏相应的研究和强大的工具来了解和处理这么长的对话。因此,在这项工作中,我们为长时间对话理解和总结提供了预先培训框架。考虑到长期交谈的性质,我们提出了一种基于窗口的去噪方法,用于生成预训练。对于对话框,它损坏了一个带有对话激发灵感噪声的文本窗口,并指导模型基于剩余对话的内容来重建此窗口。此外,为了更长的输入,我们增加了稀疏关注模型,这些模型以混合方式与传统的关注相结合。我们在长对话的五个数据集进行广泛的实验,涵盖对话摘要的任务,抽象问题回答和主题分割。实验,我们表明,我们的预先训练的模型DialogLM显着超越了数据集和任务的最先进的模型。我们的GitHub存储库(HTTPS:/github.com/microsoft/dialoglm上有源代码和所有预先训练的型号。
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In long document controllable summarization, where labeled data is scarce, pretrained models struggle to adapt to the task and effectively respond to user queries. In this paper, we introduce Socratic pretraining, a question-driven, unsupervised pretraining objective specifically designed to improve controllability in summarization tasks. By training a model to generate and answer relevant questions in a given context, Socratic pretraining enables the model to more effectively adhere to user-provided queries and identify relevant content to be summarized. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach through extensive experimentation on two summarization domains, short stories and dialogue, and multiple control strategies: keywords, questions, and factoid QA pairs. Our pretraining method relies only on unlabeled documents and a question generation system and outperforms pre-finetuning approaches that use additional supervised data. Furthermore, our results show that Socratic pretraining cuts task-specific labeled data requirements in half, is more faithful to user-provided queries, and achieves state-of-the-art performance on QMSum and SQuALITY.
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预先训练的语言模型已经建立了有关各种自然语言处理任务的最新技术,包括对话摘要,这使读者可以在会议,访谈或电话中的长时间对话中快速访问关键信息。但是,这种对话仍然很难使用当前的模型来处理,因为语言的自发性涉及在用于预先培训语言模型的语料库中很少存在的表达式。此外,在这一领域完成的绝大多数工作都集中在英语上。在这项工作中,我们介绍了一项研究,使用几种特定语言的预培训模型:Barthez和Belgpt-2以及多语言预培训的模型:MBART,MBARTHEZ和MT5。实验是在Decoda(呼叫中心)对话语料库上进行的,其任务是根据情况在呼叫中心与一个或几个代理之间的呼叫中心对话中产生抽象介绍。结果表明,Barthez型号的性能最佳,远远超过了Decoda先前的最新性能。我们进一步讨论了此类预训练模型的局限性以及总结自发对话所需的挑战。
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查询聚焦的文本摘要(QFTS)任务旨在构建基于给定查询的文本文档摘要的构建系统。解决此任务的关键挑战是缺乏培训摘要模型的大量标记数据。在本文中,我们通过探索一系列域适应技术来解决这一挑战。鉴于最近在广泛的自然语言处理任务中进行预先接受的变压器模型的成功,我们利用此类模型为单文档和多文件方案的QFTS任务产生抽象摘要。对于域适应,我们使用预先训练的变压器的摘要模型应用了各种技术,包括转移学习,弱监督学习和远程监督。六个数据集的广泛实验表明,我们所提出的方法非常有效地为QFTS任务产生抽象摘要,同时在一组自动和人类评估指标上设置新的最先进的结果。
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Narrative summarization aims to produce a distilled version of a narrative to describe its most salient events and characters. Summarizing a narrative is challenging as it requires an understanding of event causality and character behaviors. To encourage research in this direction, we propose NarraSum, a large-scale narrative summarization dataset. It contains 122K narrative documents, which are collected from plot descriptions of movies and TV episodes with diverse genres, and their corresponding abstractive summaries. Experiments show that there is a large performance gap between humans and the state-of-the-art summarization models on NarraSum. We hope that this dataset will promote future research in summarization, as well as broader studies of natural language understanding and generation. The dataset is available at https://github.com/zhaochaocs/narrasum.
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本文介绍了Z-Code ++,这是一种针对抽象文本摘要优化的新的预训练的语言模型。该模型使用三种技术扩展了艺术编码器模型的状态。首先,我们使用两阶段的预训练过程来改善模型在低资源摘要任务上的性能。该模型首先是使用文本语料库进行语言理解的预先培训的,然后在汇总语料库中不断预先培训,以进行基础文本生成。其次,我们用分离的注意力层代替编码器中的自我发项层,其中每个单词都使用两个向量分别代表其内容和位置。第三,我们使用融合编码器,这是一种以层次方式编码长序列的简单而有效的方法。 Z-Code ++在13个文本摘要任务中的9个跨5种语言中创建了新的艺术状态。我们的模型的参数有效,因为它的表现优于XSUM上600倍较大的Palm-540b,并且在Samsum上的易经的200倍GPT3-175B较大。在零射击和少量设置中,我们的模型大大优于竞争模型。
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输出长度对于对话摘要系统至关重要。对话摘要长度由多个因素决定,包括对话复杂性,摘要目标和个人偏好。在这项工作中,我们从三个角度来对话摘要长度。首先,我们分析了现有模型的输出与相应的人类参考之间的长度差异,并发现摘要模型由于其预训练的目标而倾向于产生更多的详细摘要。其次,我们通过比较不同的模型设置来确定摘要长度预测的显着特征。第三,我们尝试使用长度意识的摘要,并在现有模型上显示出显着改进,如果汇总长度可以很好地整合。分析和实验是在流行的对话和Samsum数据集中进行的,以验证我们的发现。
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The diverse demands of different summarization tasks and their high annotation costs are driving a need for few-shot summarization. However, despite the emergence of many summarization tasks and datasets, the current training paradigm for few-shot summarization systems ignores potentially shareable knowledge in heterogeneous datasets. To this end, we propose \textsc{UniSumm}, a unified few-shot summarization model pre-trained with multiple summarization tasks and can be prefix-tuned to excel at any few-shot summarization datasets. Meanwhile, to better evaluate few-shot summarization systems, under the principles of diversity and robustness, we assemble and publicize a new benchmark \textsc{SummZoo}. It consists of $8$ diverse summarization tasks with multiple sets of few-shot samples for each task, covering both monologue and dialogue domains. Experimental results and ablation studies show that \textsc{UniSumm} outperforms strong baseline systems by a large margin across all tasks in \textsc{SummZoo} under both automatic and human evaluations. We release our code and benchmark at \url{https://github.com/microsoft/UniSumm}.
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Information overloading requires the need for summarizers to extract salient information from the text. Currently, there is an overload of dialogue data due to the rise of virtual communication platforms. The rise of Covid-19 has led people to rely on online communication platforms like Zoom, Slack, Microsoft Teams, Discord, etc. to conduct their company meetings. Instead of going through the entire meeting transcripts, people can use meeting summarizers to select useful data. Nevertheless, there is a lack of comprehensive surveys in the field of meeting summarizers. In this survey, we aim to cover recent meeting summarization techniques. Our survey offers a general overview of text summarization along with datasets and evaluation metrics for meeting summarization. We also provide the performance of each summarizer on a leaderboard. We conclude our survey with different challenges in this domain and potential research opportunities for future researchers.
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The research on text summarization for low-resource Indian languages has been limited due to the availability of relevant datasets. This paper presents a summary of various deep-learning approaches used for the ILSUM 2022 Indic language summarization datasets. The ISUM 2022 dataset consists of news articles written in Indian English, Hindi, and Gujarati respectively, and their ground-truth summarizations. In our work, we explore different pre-trained seq2seq models and fine-tune those with the ILSUM 2022 datasets. In our case, the fine-tuned SoTA PEGASUS model worked the best for English, the fine-tuned IndicBART model with augmented data for Hindi, and again fine-tuned PEGASUS model along with a translation mapping-based approach for Gujarati. Our scores on the obtained inferences were evaluated using ROUGE-1, ROUGE-2, and ROUGE-4 as the evaluation metrics.
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深度学习的最新进展,尤其是编码器架构的发明,已大大改善了抽象性摘要系统的性能。尽管大多数研究都集中在书面文件上,但我们观察到过去几年对对话和多方对话的总结越来越兴趣。一个可以可靠地将人类对话的音频或笔录转换为删节版本的系统,该版本在讨论中最重要的一点上可以在各种现实世界中,从商务会议到医疗咨询再到客户都有价值服务电话。本文着重于多党会议的抽象性摘要,对与此任务相关的挑战,数据集和系统进行了调查,并讨论了未来研究的有希望的方向。
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上下文化的单词嵌入会导致自然语言理解中最新的表演。最近,诸如BERT之类的预先训练的深层上下文化的文本编码器显示了其在改善包括抽象性摘要在内的自然语言任务方面的潜力。对话摘要中的现有方法着重于将大型语言模型纳入摘要任务,该任务是在大规模语料库中培训的,这些任务由新闻文章组成,而不是多个演讲者的对话。在本文中,我们介绍了自我监督的方法,以补偿培训对话摘要模型的缺点。我们的原则是使用借口对话文本检测不一致的信息流,以增强伯特对对话文本表示形式的上下文能力。我们使用增强的BERT在共享的编码器架构上构建并微调一个抽象的对话摘要模型。我们通过Samsum语料库(Samsum copus)进行了验证评估我们的抽象对话摘要,这是一个最近介绍的带有抽象性对话摘要的数据集。我们所有的方法都为在胭脂分数中测得的抽象摘要做出了改进。通过一项广泛的消融研究,我们还向关键模型超参数,切换话语和掩盖对话者的概率提出了灵敏度分析。
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生成摘要中的事实不一致严重限制了抽象对话摘要的实际应用。尽管通过使用预先训练的模型实现了显着进展,但在人类评估期间发现了大量的幻觉含量。预先接受的模型最常见的是微调文本摘要的跨熵损失,这可能不是最佳策略。在这项工作中,我们为带注释数据提供了事实错误的类型,以突出显示错误的类型并远离对事实的二进制了解。我们进一步提出了一种培训策略,通过新颖的对比微调,改善了摘要的事实一致性和整体素质。基于我们的语言信息的错误类型,我们设计了各个目标的不同模块化目标。具体而言,我们利用硬阴性样本具有误差,以减少事实不一致的产生。为了捕获扬声器之间的关键信息,我们还设计了特定于对话的损失。使用人类评估和自动忠实度量指标,我们表明我们的模型在对话摘要,Samsum语料库中大大降低了各种事实错误。此外,我们的模型可以推广到会议概述,AMI语料库,它产生的分数明显高于两个数据集关于单词 - 重叠度量标准的基线。
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跨语性摘要是用一种语言(例如英语)以不同语言(例如中文)生成一种语言(例如英语)的摘要。在全球化背景下,这项任务吸引了计算语言学界的越来越多的关注。然而,对于这项任务仍然缺乏全面的审查。因此,我们在该领域的数据集,方法和挑战上介绍了第一个系统的批判性审查。具体而言,我们分别根据不同的构造方法和解决方案范例仔细组织现有的数据集和方法。对于每种类型的数据集或方法,我们彻底介绍并总结了以前的努力,并将它们相互比较以提供更深入的分析。最后,我们还讨论了有希望的方向,并提供了我们的思想,以促进未来的研究。这项调查适用于跨语性摘要的初学者和专家,我们希望它将成为起点,也可以为对该领域感兴趣的研究人员和工程师提供新的想法。
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诸如学术文章和商业报告之类的长期文件一直是详细说明重要问题和需要额外关注的复杂主题的标准格式。自动汇总系统可以有效地将长文档置于简短而简洁的文本中,以封装最重要的信息,从而在帮助读者的理解中很重要。最近,随着神经体系结构的出现,已经做出了重大的研究工作,以推动自动文本摘要系统,以及有关将这些系统扩展到长期文档领域的挑战的大量研究。在这项调查中,我们提供了有关长期文档摘要的研究的全面概述,以及其研究环境的三个主要组成部分的系统评估:基准数据集,汇总模型和评估指标。对于每个组成部分,我们在长期汇总的背景下组织文献,并进行经验分析,以扩大有关当前研究进度的观点。实证分析包括一项研究基准数据集的内在特征,摘要模型的多维分析以及摘要评估指标的综述。根据总体发现,我们通过提出可能在这个快速增长的领域中提出未来探索的方向来得出结论。
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对话摘要已被广泛研究和应用,其中,先前的作品主要集中在探索卓越的模型结构方面,以对准输入对话和输出摘要。然而,对于专业对话(例如,法律辩论和医学诊断),语义/统计对齐可能几乎不会填补输入对话话语话语和外部知识的摘要输出之间的逻辑/事实差距。在本文中,我们主要研究了非预介绍和预用环境下对话检验摘要(DIS)的事实不一致问题。创新的端到端对话摘要生成框架是有两个辅助任务:预期事实方面正规化(EFAR)和缺少事实实体歧视(MFED)。综合实验表明,该模型可以以准确的事实方面的覆盖率来产生更可读的总结,以及通知用户从输入对话中检测到的潜在缺失事实以获得进一步的人为干预。
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