推荐系统是机器学习系统的子类，它们采用复杂的信息过滤策略来减少搜索时间，并向任何特定用户建议最相关的项目。混合建议系统以不同的方式结合了多种建议策略，以从其互补的优势中受益。一些混合推荐系统已经结合了协作过滤和基于内容的方法来构建更强大的系统。在本文中，我们提出了一个混合推荐系统，该系统将基于最小二乘（ALS）的交替正方（ALS）的协作过滤与深度学习结合在一起，以增强建议性能，并克服与协作过滤方法相关的限制，尤其是关于其冷启动问题。本质上，我们使用ALS（协作过滤）的输出来影响深度神经网络（DNN）的建议，该建议结合了大数据处理框架中的特征，上下文，结构和顺序信息。我们已经进行了几项实验，以测试拟议混合体架构向潜在客户推荐智能手机的功效，并将其性能与其他开源推荐人进行比较。结果表明，所提出的系统的表现优于几个现有的混合推荐系统。

在这个大数据时代，当前一代很难从在线平台中包含的大量数据中找到正确的数据。在这种情况下，需要一个信息过滤系统，可以帮助他们找到所需的信息。近年来，出现了一个称为推荐系统的研究领域。推荐人变得重要，因为他们拥有许多现实生活应用。本文回顾了推荐系统在电子商务，电子商务，电子资源，电子政务，电子学习和电子生活中的不同技术和发展。通过分析有关该主题的最新工作，我们将能够详细概述当前的发展，并确定建议系统中的现有困难。最终结果为从业者和研究人员提供了对建议系统及其应用的必要指导和见解。

受到计算机愿景和语言理解的深度学习的巨大成功的影响，建议的研究已经转移到发明基于神经网络的新推荐模型。近年来，我们在开发神经推荐模型方面目睹了显着进展，这概括和超越了传统的推荐模型，由于神经网络的强烈代表性。在本调查论文中，我们从建议建模与准确性目标的角度进行了系统审查，旨在总结该领域，促进研究人员和从业者在推荐系统上工作的研究人员和从业者。具体而具体基于推荐建模期间的数据使用，我们将工作划分为协作过滤和信息丰富的建议：1）协作滤波，其利用用户项目交互数据的关键来源; 2）内容丰富的建议，其另外利用与用户和项目相关的侧面信息，如用户配置文件和项目知识图; 3）时间/顺序推荐，其考虑与交互相关的上下文信息，例如时间，位置和过去的交互。在为每种类型审查代表性工作后，我们终于讨论了这一领域的一些有希望的方向。

随着人格计算的出现作为与人工智能和人格心理有关的新研究领域，我们目睹了一个前所未有的人格意识推荐系统的扩散。与传统推荐系统不同，这些新系统解决了传统问题，如冷启动和数据稀疏问题。该调查旨在研究和系统地分类人格意识推荐系统。据我们所知，这项调查是第一个重点关注人格意识推荐系统。通过比较其个性建模方法以及其推荐技术，我们探索了人格感知推荐系统的不同设计选择。此外，我们介绍了常用的数据集，并指出了人格感知推荐系统的一些挑战。

推荐兴趣点是一个困难的问题，需要从基于位置的社交媒体平台中提取精确的位置信息。对于这种位置感知的推荐系统而言，另一个具有挑战性和关键的问题是根据用户的历史行为对用户的偏好进行建模。我们建议使用Transformers的双向编码器表示的位置感知建议系统，以便为用户提供基于位置的建议。提出的模型包含位置数据和用户偏好。与在序列中预测每个位置的下一项（位置）相比，我们的模型可以为用户提供更相关的结果。基准数据集上的广泛实验表明，我们的模型始终优于各种最新的顺序模型。

In recent years, deep neural networks have yielded immense success on speech recognition, computer vision and natural language processing. However, the exploration of deep neural networks on recommender systems has received relatively less scrutiny. In this work, we strive to develop techniques based on neural networks to tackle the key problem in recommendation -collaborative filtering -on the basis of implicit feedback.Although some recent work has employed deep learning for recommendation, they primarily used it to model auxiliary information, such as textual descriptions of items and acoustic features of musics. When it comes to model the key factor in collaborative filtering -the interaction between user and item features, they still resorted to matrix factorization and applied an inner product on the latent features of users and items.By replacing the inner product with a neural architecture that can learn an arbitrary function from data, we present a general framework named NCF, short for Neural networkbased Collaborative Filtering. NCF is generic and can express and generalize matrix factorization under its framework. To supercharge NCF modelling with non-linearities, we propose to leverage a multi-layer perceptron to learn the user-item interaction function. Extensive experiments on two real-world datasets show significant improvements of our proposed NCF framework over the state-of-the-art methods. Empirical evidence shows that using deeper layers of neural networks offers better recommendation performance.

传统的推荐系统面临两个长期存在的障碍，即数据稀疏性和冷启动问题，这些问题促进了跨域建议（CDR）的出现和发展。 CDR的核心思想是利用从其他领域收集的信息来减轻一个域中的两个问题。在过去的十年中，许多努力进行了跨域建议。最近，随着深度学习和神经网络的发展，出现了许多方法。但是，关于CDR的系统调查数量有限，尤其是关于最新提出的方法以及他们解决的建议方案和建议任务。在本调查文件中，我们首先提出了跨域建议的两级分类法，该分类法对不同的建议方案和建议任务进行了分类。然后，我们以结构化的方式介绍并总结了不同建议方案下的现有跨域推荐方法。我们还组织了常用的数据集。我们通过提供有关该领域的几个潜在研究方向来结束这项调查。

Any organization needs to improve their products, services, and processes. In this context, engaging with customers and understanding their journey is essential. Organizations have leveraged various techniques and technologies to support customer engagement, from call centres to chatbots and virtual agents. Recently, these systems have used Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) to analyze large volumes of customer feedback and engagement data. The goal is to understand customers in context and provide meaningful answers across various channels. Despite multiple advances in Conversational Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Recommender Systems (RS), it is still challenging to understand the intent behind customer questions during the customer journey. To address this challenge, in this paper, we study and analyze the recent work in Conversational Recommender Systems (CRS) in general and, more specifically, in chatbot-based CRS. We introduce a pipeline to contextualize the input utterances in conversations. We then take the next step towards leveraging reverse feature engineering to link the contextualized input and learning model to support intent recognition. Since performance evaluation is achieved based on different ML models, we use transformer base models to evaluate the proposed approach using a labelled dialogue dataset (MSDialogue) of question-answering interactions between information seekers and answer providers.

With information systems becoming larger scale, recommendation systems are a topic of growing interest in machine learning research and industry. Even though progress on improving model design has been rapid in research, we argue that many advances fail to translate into practice because of two limiting assumptions. First, most approaches focus on a transductive learning setting which cannot handle unseen users or items and second, many existing methods are developed for static settings that cannot incorporate new data as it becomes available. We argue that these are largely impractical assumptions on real-world platforms where new user interactions happen in real time. In this survey paper, we formalize both concepts and contextualize recommender systems work from the last six years. We then discuss why and how future work should move towards inductive learning and incremental updates for recommendation model design and evaluation. In addition, we present best practices and fundamental open challenges for future research.

A comprehensive pharmaceutical recommendation system was designed based on the patients and drugs features extracted from Drugs.com and Druglib.com. First, data from these databases were combined, and a dataset of patients and drug information was built. Secondly, the patients and drugs were clustered, and then the recommendation was performed using different ratings provided by patients, and importantly by the knowledge obtained from patients and drug specifications, and considering drug interactions. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first group to consider patients conditions and history in the proposed approach for selecting a specific medicine appropriate for that particular user. Our approach applies artificial intelligence (AI) models for the implementation. Sentiment analysis using natural language processing approaches is employed in pre-processing along with neural network-based methods and recommender system algorithms for modeling the system. In our work, patients conditions and drugs features are used for making two models based on matrix factorization. Then we used drug interaction to filter drugs with severe or mild interactions with other drugs. We developed a deep learning model for recommending drugs by using data from 2304 patients as a training set, and then we used data from 660 patients as our validation set. After that, we used knowledge from critical information about drugs and combined the outcome of the model into a knowledge-based system with the rules obtained from constraints on taking medicine.

多臂匪徒（MAB）提供了一种原则性的在线学习方法，以达到探索和剥削之间的平衡。由于表现出色和反馈学习低，没有学习在多种情况下采取行动，因此多臂匪徒在诸如推荐系统等应用程序中引起了广泛的关注。同样，在推荐系统中，协作过滤（CF）可以说是推荐系统中最早，最具影响力的方法。至关重要的是，新用户和不断变化的推荐项目池是推荐系统需要解决的挑战。对于协作过滤，经典方法是训练模型离线，然后执行在线测试，但是这种方法无法再处理用户偏好的动态变化，即所谓的冷启动。那么，如何在没有有效信息的情况下有效地向用户推荐项目？为了解决上述问题，已经提出了一个基于多臂强盗的协作过滤推荐系统，名为BanditMF。 BANDITMF旨在解决多军强盗算法和协作过滤中的两个挑战：（1）如何在有效信息稀缺的条件下解决冷启动问题以进行协作过滤，（2）强大社会关系域中的强盗算法问题是由独立估计与每个用户相关的未知参数并忽略用户之间的相关性引起的。

A large number of empirical studies on applying self-attention models in the domain of recommender systems are based on offline evaluation and metrics computed on standardized datasets, without insights on how these models perform in real life scenarios. Moreover, many of them do not consider information such as item and customer metadata, although deep-learning recommenders live up to their full potential only when numerous features of heterogeneous types are included. Also, typically recommendation models are designed to serve well only a single use case, which increases modeling complexity and maintenance costs, and may lead to inconsistent customer experience. In this work, we present a reusable Attention-based Fashion Recommendation Algorithm (AFRA), that utilizes various interaction types with different fashion entities such as items (e.g., shirt), outfits and influencers, and their heterogeneous features. Moreover, we leverage temporal and contextual information to address both short and long-term customer preferences. We show its effectiveness on outfit recommendation use cases, in particular: 1) personalized ranked feed; 2) outfit recommendations by style; 3) similar item recommendation and 4) in-session recommendations inspired by most recent customer actions. We present both offline and online experimental results demonstrating substantial improvements in customer retention and engagement.

In this chapter, we review and discuss the transformation of AI technology in HCI/UX work and assess how AI technology will change how we do the work. We first discuss how AI can be used to enhance the result of user research and design evaluation. We then discuss how AI technology can be used to enhance HCI/UX design. Finally, we discuss how AI-enabled capabilities can improve UX when users interact with computing systems, applications, and services.

社交媒体营销在向广泛的受众群体推广品牌和产品价值方面起着至关重要的作用。为了提高其广告收入，诸如Facebook广告之类的全球媒体购买平台不断减少品牌有机帖子的覆盖范围，推动品牌在付费媒体广告上花费更多。为了有效地运行有机和付费社交媒体营销，有必要了解受众，调整内容以适合其兴趣和在线行为，这是不可能大规模手动进行的。同时，各种人格类型分类方案（例如Myers-Briggs人格类型指标）使得通过以统一和结构化的方式对受众行为进行分类，可以在更广泛的范围内揭示人格特质和用户内容偏好之间的依赖性。研究界尚待深入研究这个问题，而到目前为止，尚未广泛使用和全面评估，而不同人格特征对内容建议准确性的影响水平尚未得到广泛的利用和全面评估。具体而言，在这项工作中，我们通过应用一种新型人格驱动的多视图内容推荐系统，研究人格特征对内容推荐模型的影响，称为人格内容营销推荐引擎或Persic。我们的实验结果和现实世界案例研究不仅表明Persic执行有效的人格驱动的多视图内容建议，而且还允许采用可行的数字广告策略建议，当部署时能够提高数字广告效率超过420 ％与原始的人类指导方法相比。

共享符号跨域顺序推荐（SCSR）任务旨在通过利用多个域中的混合用户行为推荐下一个项目。随着越来越多的用户倾向于在不同的平台上注册并与他人共享访问特定于域的服务，它正在引起极大的研究关注。现有关于SCSR的作品主要依赖于基于复发的神经网络（RNN）模型的采矿顺序模式，这些模型受到以下局限性：1）基于RNN的方法，基于RNN的方法绝大多数目标是发现单用户行为中的顺序依赖性。它们的表现不足以捕获SCSR中多个实体之间的关系。 2）所有现有方法通过潜在空间中的知识转移桥接两个域，并忽略显式的跨域图结构。 3）没有现有研究考虑项目之间的时间间隔信息，这对于表征不同项目和学习判别性表示的顺序建议至关重要。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种新的基于图的解决方案，即TIDA-GCN，以应对上述挑战。具体来说，我们首先将每个域中的用户和项目链接为图。然后，我们设计了一个域感知图形卷积网络，以学习用户特异性节点表示。为了充分说明用户对项目的域特异性偏好，进一步开发了两个有效的注意机制，以选择性地指导消息传递过程。此外，为了进一步增强项目和帐户级的表示学习，我们将时间间隔纳入消息传递中，并为学习项目的交互式特征设计一个帐户意识的自我发项模块。实验证明了我们提出的方法从各个方面的优越性。

In this paper, we study item advertisements for small businesses. This application recommends prospective customers to specific items requested by businesses. From analysis, we found that the existing Recommender Systems (RS) were ineffective for small/new businesses with a few sales history. Training samples in RS can be highly biased toward popular businesses with sufficient sales and can decrease advertising performance for small businesses. We propose a meta-learning-based RS to improve advertising performance for small/new businesses and shops: Meta-Shop. Meta-Shop leverages an advanced meta-learning optimization framework and builds a model for a shop-level recommendation. It also integrates and transfers knowledge between large and small shops, consequently learning better features in small shops. We conducted experiments on a real-world E-commerce dataset and a public benchmark dataset. Meta-Shop outperformed a production baseline and the state-of-the-art RS models. Specifically, it achieved up to 16.6% relative improvement of Recall@1M and 40.4% relative improvement of nDCG@3 for user recommendations to new shops compared to the other RS models.

在媒体流媒体的普及之后，许多视频流服务是不断购买新的视频内容来挖掘它们的潜在利润。因此，必须处理新添加的内容，以便建议给合适的用户。在本文中，我们通过探索各种深度学习功能提供视频建议的潜力来解决新的项目冷启动问题。调查的深度学习功能包括从视频内容中捕获视觉外观，音频和运动信息的功能。我们还探讨了不同的融合方法来评估这些功能模式如何组合以完全利用它们捕获的互补信息。关于电影建议的真实视频数据集的实验表明，深度学习功能优于手工制作的功能。特别是，使用深度学习音频功能和以自行信型的深度学习功能生成的建议优于MFCC和最先进的IDT功能。此外，与手工制作特征和文本元数据的各种深度学习特征的组合产生了显着的建议改善，而不是仅相结合的前者。

Self-attentive transformer models have recently been shown to solve the next item recommendation task very efficiently. The learned attention weights capture sequential dynamics in user behavior and generalize well. Motivated by the special structure of learned parameter space, we question if it is possible to mimic it with an alternative and more lightweight approach. We develop a new tensor factorization-based model that ingrains the structural knowledge about sequential data within the learning process. We demonstrate how certain properties of a self-attention network can be reproduced with our approach based on special Hankel matrix representation. The resulting model has a shallow linear architecture and compares competitively to its neural counterpart.

In recent years, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), which can naturally integrate node information and topological structure, have been demonstrated to be powerful in learning on graph data. These advantages of GNNs provide great potential to advance social recommendation since data in social recommender systems can be represented as user-user social graph and user-item graph; and learning latent factors of users and items is the key. However, building social recommender systems based on GNNs faces challenges. For example, the user-item graph encodes both interactions and their associated opinions; social relations have heterogeneous strengths; users involve in two graphs (e.g., the useruser social graph and the user-item graph). To address the three aforementioned challenges simultaneously, in this paper, we present a novel graph neural network framework (GraphRec) for social recommendations. In particular, we provide a principled approach to jointly capture interactions and opinions in the user-item graph and propose the framework GraphRec, which coherently models two graphs and heterogeneous strengths. Extensive experiments on two real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework GraphRec.

用户评估包括跨在线平台的大量信息。尽管大多数现有推荐系统都可以缓解稀疏性问题并提高建议质量，但大多数现有推荐系统都忽略了此信息源。这项工作为同时学习项目属性和用户行为提供了一个深层模型。深层合作神经网络（DeepConn）是建议的模型，该模型由两个平行的神经网络组成，这些神经网络在其最终层中相连。其中一个网络专注于从用户提交的评论中学习用户行为，而另一个网络从用户评论中学习项目属性。最重要的是，添加了共享层以连接这两个网络。与分解机方法类似，共享层允许获得的潜在因素和事物相互互动。根据实验发现，在许多数据集上，DeepConn超过所有基线推荐系统。