与单个机器人相比，多个移动操纵器在需要移动性和灵活性的任务中表现出优势，尤其是在操纵/运输笨重的物体时。当对象和操纵器紧密地连接时，将形成闭合链，整个系统的运动将被限制在较低的歧管上。但是，当前对多机器人运动计划的研究并未完全考虑整个系统的形成，移动操纵器的冗余以及环境中的障碍，这使得任务具有挑战性。因此，本文提出了一个层次结构框架，以有效地解决上述挑战，其中集中式层计划离线运动的运动和分散层独立地实时探索每个机器人的冗余。此外，在集中式层中保证了封闭链，避免障碍物和地层限制的下限，其他计划者无法同时实现。此外，代表编队约束的分布的能力图可用于加快两层。仿真和实验结果都表明，所提出的框架的表现明显优于基准规划师。该系统可以在混乱的环境中绕过或跨越障碍物，并且该框架可以应用于不同数量的异质移动操纵器。

多机器人运输（MRT）是通过多个机器人的合作将对象运送到目的地。在物体运输过程中，避免障碍是一个不可或缺的特征。在传统的当地规划师中，障碍通常被认为是不可克服的，所以机器人团队绕过整个障碍。然而，许多障碍可以在真实情况下越过。研究机器人团队的障碍交叉能力可以提高MRT的效率，并提高复杂环境中的规划成功率。通过患者转移通过床单的灵感，本文侧重于多移动机器人的物体运输，具有可变形的纸张。提出了一种具有障碍交叉能力的新的本地计划者，其中包括三个部分：可变形的纸张建模，形成优化和局部路径。它可以成功找到在其他规划者失败的复杂情景中的障碍交叉路径。策划者的有效性和多功能性通过实验中的三个移动机器人进行了案例研究，以及具有四个机器人的模拟。

在本文中，提出了显式线性模型预测控制（MPC）的分离和结合晶格分段仿射（PWA）。训练数据是在感兴趣的领域均匀生成的，由状态样本和相应的仿射控制定律组成，基于晶格PWA近似值。还提出了对数据的重新采样，以确保晶格PWA近似与包含样品点作为内部点的唯一顺序（UO）区域相同。另外，在轻度假设下，两个晶格PWA的等效性确保了感兴趣域中的近似值无错误。提出了针对显式线性MPC的无统计误差近似的算法，并分析了整个过程的复杂性，这是相对于样品数量的多项式。通过两个仿真示例测试了所提出的近似策略的性能，结果表明，有了适量的样品点，我们可以构造与显式线性MPC的最佳控制法相等的晶格PWA近似值。

Given the increasingly intricate forms of partial differential equations (PDEs) in physics and related fields, computationally solving PDEs without analytic solutions inevitably suffers from the trade-off between accuracy and efficiency. Recent advances in neural operators, a kind of mesh-independent neural-network-based PDE solvers, have suggested the dawn of overcoming this challenge. In this emerging direction, Koopman neural operator (KNO) is a representative demonstration and outperforms other state-of-the-art alternatives in terms of accuracy and efficiency. Here we present KoopmanLab, a self-contained and user-friendly PyTorch module of the Koopman neural operator family for solving partial differential equations. Beyond the original version of KNO, we develop multiple new variants of KNO based on different neural network architectures to improve the general applicability of our module. These variants are validated by mesh-independent and long-term prediction experiments implemented on representative PDEs (e.g., the Navier-Stokes equation and the Bateman-Burgers equation) and ERA5 (i.e., one of the largest high-resolution data sets of global-scale climate fields). These demonstrations suggest the potential of KoopmanLab to be considered in diverse applications of partial differential equations.

Temporal sentence grounding (TSG) aims to identify the temporal boundary of a specific segment from an untrimmed video by a sentence query. All existing works first utilize a sparse sampling strategy to extract a fixed number of video frames and then conduct multi-modal interactions with query sentence for reasoning. However, we argue that these methods have overlooked two indispensable issues: 1) Boundary-bias: The annotated target segment generally refers to two specific frames as corresponding start and end timestamps. The video downsampling process may lose these two frames and take the adjacent irrelevant frames as new boundaries. 2) Reasoning-bias: Such incorrect new boundary frames also lead to the reasoning bias during frame-query interaction, reducing the generalization ability of model. To alleviate above limitations, in this paper, we propose a novel Siamese Sampling and Reasoning Network (SSRN) for TSG, which introduces a siamese sampling mechanism to generate additional contextual frames to enrich and refine the new boundaries. Specifically, a reasoning strategy is developed to learn the inter-relationship among these frames and generate soft labels on boundaries for more accurate frame-query reasoning. Such mechanism is also able to supplement the absent consecutive visual semantics to the sampled sparse frames for fine-grained activity understanding. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of SSRN on three challenging datasets.

Time-series anomaly detection is an important task and has been widely applied in the industry. Since manual data annotation is expensive and inefficient, most applications adopt unsupervised anomaly detection methods, but the results are usually sub-optimal and unsatisfactory to end customers. Weak supervision is a promising paradigm for obtaining considerable labels in a low-cost way, which enables the customers to label data by writing heuristic rules rather than annotating each instance individually. However, in the time-series domain, it is hard for people to write reasonable labeling functions as the time-series data is numerically continuous and difficult to be understood. In this paper, we propose a Label-Efficient Interactive Time-Series Anomaly Detection (LEIAD) system, which enables a user to improve the results of unsupervised anomaly detection by performing only a small amount of interactions with the system. To achieve this goal, the system integrates weak supervision and active learning collaboratively while generating labeling functions automatically using only a few labeled data. All of these techniques are complementary and can promote each other in a reinforced manner. We conduct experiments on three time-series anomaly detection datasets, demonstrating that the proposed system is superior to existing solutions in both weak supervision and active learning areas. Also, the system has been tested in a real scenario in industry to show its practicality.

This paper investigates the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to solve differential equations (DEs) and the construction of the loss function which meets both differential equation and its initial/boundary condition of a certain DE. In section 2, the loss function is generalized to $n^\text{th}$ order ordinary differential equation(ODE). Other methods of construction are examined in Section 3 and applied to three different models to assess their effectiveness.

Kernels are efficient in representing nonlocal dependence and they are widely used to design operators between function spaces. Thus, learning kernels in operators from data is an inverse problem of general interest. Due to the nonlocal dependence, the inverse problem can be severely ill-posed with a data-dependent singular inversion operator. The Bayesian approach overcomes the ill-posedness through a non-degenerate prior. However, a fixed non-degenerate prior leads to a divergent posterior mean when the observation noise becomes small, if the data induces a perturbation in the eigenspace of zero eigenvalues of the inversion operator. We introduce a data-adaptive prior to achieve a stable posterior whose mean always has a small noise limit. The data-adaptive prior's covariance is the inversion operator with a hyper-parameter selected adaptive to data by the L-curve method. Furthermore, we provide a detailed analysis on the computational practice of the data-adaptive prior, and demonstrate it on Toeplitz matrices and integral operators. Numerical tests show that a fixed prior can lead to a divergent posterior mean in the presence of any of the four types of errors: discretization error, model error, partial observation and wrong noise assumption. In contrast, the data-adaptive prior always attains posterior means with small noise limits.

Deep learning has been widely used for protein engineering. However, it is limited by the lack of sufficient experimental data to train an accurate model for predicting the functional fitness of high-order mutants. Here, we develop SESNet, a supervised deep-learning model to predict the fitness for protein mutants by leveraging both sequence and structure information, and exploiting attention mechanism. Our model integrates local evolutionary context from homologous sequences, the global evolutionary context encoding rich semantic from the universal protein sequence space and the structure information accounting for the microenvironment around each residue in a protein. We show that SESNet outperforms state-of-the-art models for predicting the sequence-function relationship on 26 deep mutational scanning datasets. More importantly, we propose a data augmentation strategy by leveraging the data from unsupervised models to pre-train our model. After that, our model can achieve strikingly high accuracy in prediction of the fitness of protein mutants, especially for the higher order variants (> 4 mutation sites), when finetuned by using only a small number of experimental mutation data (<50). The strategy proposed is of great practical value as the required experimental effort, i.e., producing a few tens of experimental mutation data on a given protein, is generally affordable by an ordinary biochemical group and can be applied on almost any protein.

Inferring knowledge from clinical trials using knowledge graph embedding is an emerging area. However, customizing graph embeddings for different use cases remains a significant challenge. We propose custom2vec, an algorithmic framework to customize graph embeddings by incorporating user preferences in training the embeddings. It captures user preferences by adding custom nodes and links derived from manually vetted results of a separate information retrieval method. We propose a joint learning objective to preserve the original network structure while incorporating the user's custom annotations. We hypothesize that the custom training improves user-expected predictions, for example, in link prediction tasks. We demonstrate the effectiveness of custom2vec for clinical trials related to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with two customization scenarios: recommending immuno-oncology trials evaluating PD-1 inhibitors and exploring similar trials that compare new therapies with a standard of care. The results show that custom2vec training achieves better performance than the conventional training methods. Our approach is a novel way to customize knowledge graph embeddings and enable more accurate recommendations and predictions.