While it has long been empirically observed that adversarial robustness may be at odds with standard accuracy and may have further disparate impacts on different classes, it remains an open question to what extent such observations hold and how the class imbalance plays a role within. In this paper, we attempt to understand this question of accuracy disparity by taking a closer look at linear classifiers under a Gaussian mixture model. We decompose the impact of adversarial robustness into two parts: an inherent effect that will degrade the standard accuracy on all classes, and the other caused by the class imbalance ratio, which will increase the accuracy disparity compared to standard training. Furthermore, we also extend our model to the general family of stable distributions. We demonstrate that while the constraint of adversarial robustness consistently degrades the standard accuracy in the balanced class setting, the class imbalance ratio plays a fundamentally different role in accuracy disparity compared to the Gaussian case, due to the heavy tail of the stable distribution. We additionally perform experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets. The empirical results not only corroborate our theoretical findings, but also suggest that the implications may extend to nonlinear models over real-world datasets.

我们考虑垂直逻辑回归（VLR）接受了迷你批次梯度下降训练，这种环境吸引了行业日益增长的兴趣，并被证明在包括金融和医学研究在内的广泛应用中很有用。我们在一系列开源联合学习框架中提供了对VLR的全面和严格的隐私分析，其中协议之间可能会有所不同，但是获得了获得本地梯度的过程。我们首先考虑了诚实而有趣的威胁模型，其中忽略了协议的详细实施，并且仅假定共享过程，我们将其作为甲骨文提取。我们发现，即使在这种一般环境下，在适当的批处理大小约束下，仍然可以从另一方恢复单维功能和标签，从而证明了遵循相同理念的所有框架的潜在脆弱性。然后，我们研究基于同态加密（HE）的协议的流行实例。我们提出了一种主动攻击，该攻击通过生成和压缩辅助密文来显着削弱对先前分析中批处理大小的约束。为了解决基于HE的协议中的隐私泄漏，我们基于差异隐私（DP）开发了一种简单的对策，并为更新的算法提供实用程序和隐私保证。最后，我们从经验上验证了我们对基准数据集的攻击和防御的有效性。总之，我们的发现表明，仅依靠他的所有垂直联合学习框架可能包含严重的隐私风险，而DP已经证明了其在水平联合学习中的力量，也可以在垂直环境中起着至关重要的作用，尤其是当耦合时使用HE或安全的多方计算（MPC）技术。

在本文中，我们介绍了战术边缘（水合物）的高维可重构分析，使用低S型嵌入式硬件可以在利用非MAC的边缘进行实时重新配置（不含浮点多裂动作）（无浮点多裂动作）（深神经网络）（ DNN）结合了高度（HD）计算加速器。我们描述了算法，经过训练的量化模型生成以及功能提取器的模拟性能，不含多重蓄能的供您喂养基于高维逻辑的分类器。然后，我们展示了性能如何随着超数的数量而增加。我们将与传统DNN相比，描述已实现的低压FPGA硬件和嵌入式软件系统，并详细介绍实现的硬件加速器。我们讨论了测量的系统延迟和功率，由于使用可学习的量化和高清计算而引起的噪声稳健性，用于视频活动分类任务的实际和模拟系统性能以及在同一数据集上进行重新配置的演示。我们表明，仅使用梯度下降反向传播（无梯度）的馈电HD分类器（无梯度），可以通过使用几乎没有射击的新课程来实现现场的可重构性。最初的工作使用了LRCN DNN，目前已扩展到使用具有改进性能的两流DNN。

In reinforcement learning applications like robotics, agents usually need to deal with various input/output features when specified with different state/action spaces by their developers or physical restrictions. This indicates unnecessary re-training from scratch and considerable sample inefficiency, especially when agents follow similar solution steps to achieve tasks. In this paper, we aim to transfer similar high-level goal-transition knowledge to alleviate the challenge. Specifically, we propose PILoT, i.e., Planning Immediate Landmarks of Targets. PILoT utilizes the universal decoupled policy optimization to learn a goal-conditioned state planner; then, distills a goal-planner to plan immediate landmarks in a model-free style that can be shared among different agents. In our experiments, we show the power of PILoT on various transferring challenges, including few-shot transferring across action spaces and dynamics, from low-dimensional vector states to image inputs, from simple robot to complicated morphology; and we also illustrate a zero-shot transfer solution from a simple 2D navigation task to the harder Ant-Maze task.

High-quality traffic flow generation is the core module in building simulators for autonomous driving. However, the majority of available simulators are incapable of replicating traffic patterns that accurately reflect the various features of real-world data while also simulating human-like reactive responses to the tested autopilot driving strategies. Taking one step forward to addressing such a problem, we propose Realistic Interactive TrAffic flow (RITA) as an integrated component of existing driving simulators to provide high-quality traffic flow for the evaluation and optimization of the tested driving strategies. RITA is developed with fidelity, diversity, and controllability in consideration, and consists of two core modules called RITABackend and RITAKit. RITABackend is built to support vehicle-wise control and provide traffic generation models from real-world datasets, while RITAKit is developed with easy-to-use interfaces for controllable traffic generation via RITABackend. We demonstrate RITA's capacity to create diversified and high-fidelity traffic simulations in several highly interactive highway scenarios. The experimental findings demonstrate that our produced RITA traffic flows meet all three design goals, hence enhancing the completeness of driving strategy evaluation. Moreover, we showcase the possibility for further improvement of baseline strategies through online fine-tuning with RITA traffic flows.

仅国家模仿学习的最新进展将模仿学习的适用性扩展到现实世界中的范围，从而减轻了观察专家行动的需求。但是，现有的解决方案只学会从数据中提取州对行动映射策略，而无需考虑专家如何计划到目标。这阻碍了利用示威游行并限制政策的灵活性的能力。在本文中，我们介绍了解耦政策优化（DEPO），该策略优化（DEPO）明确将策略脱离为高级状态计划者和逆动力学模型。借助嵌入式的脱钩策略梯度和生成对抗训练，DEPO可以将知识转移到不同的动作空间或状态过渡动态，并可以将规划师推广到无示威的状态区域。我们的深入实验分析表明，DEPO在学习最佳模仿性能的同时学习通用目标状态计划者的有效性。我们证明了DEPO通过预训练跨任务转移的吸引力，以及与各种技能共同培训的潜力。

Masked image modeling (MIM) performs strongly in pre-training large vision Transformers (ViTs). However, small models that are critical for real-world applications cannot or only marginally benefit from this pre-training approach. In this paper, we explore distillation techniques to transfer the success of large MIM-based pre-trained models to smaller ones. We systematically study different options in the distillation framework, including distilling targets, losses, input, network regularization, sequential distillation, etc, revealing that: 1) Distilling token relations is more effective than CLS token- and feature-based distillation; 2) An intermediate layer of the teacher network as target perform better than that using the last layer when the depth of the student mismatches that of the teacher; 3) Weak regularization is preferred; etc. With these findings, we achieve significant fine-tuning accuracy improvements over the scratch MIM pre-training on ImageNet-1K classification, using all the ViT-Tiny, ViT-Small, and ViT-base models, with +4.2%/+2.4%/+1.4% gains, respectively. Our TinyMIM model of base size achieves 52.2 mIoU in AE20K semantic segmentation, which is +4.1 higher than the MAE baseline. Our TinyMIM model of tiny size achieves 79.6% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet-1K image classification, which sets a new record for small vision models of the same size and computation budget. This strong performance suggests an alternative way for developing small vision Transformer models, that is, by exploring better training methods rather than introducing inductive biases into architectures as in most previous works. Code is available at https://github.com/OliverRensu/TinyMIM.

The recent increase in public and academic interest in preserving biodiversity has led to the growth of the field of conservation technology. This field involves designing and constructing tools that utilize technology to aid in the conservation of wildlife. In this article, we will use case studies to demonstrate the importance of designing conservation tools with human-wildlife interaction in mind and provide a framework for creating successful tools. These case studies include a range of complexities, from simple cat collars to machine learning and game theory methodologies. Our goal is to introduce and inform current and future researchers in the field of conservation technology and provide references for educating the next generation of conservation technologists. Conservation technology not only has the potential to benefit biodiversity but also has broader impacts on fields such as sustainability and environmental protection. By using innovative technologies to address conservation challenges, we can find more effective and efficient solutions to protect and preserve our planet's resources.

Different people speak with diverse personalized speaking styles. Although existing one-shot talking head methods have made significant progress in lip sync, natural facial expressions, and stable head motions, they still cannot generate diverse speaking styles in the final talking head videos. To tackle this problem, we propose a one-shot style-controllable talking face generation framework. In a nutshell, we aim to attain a speaking style from an arbitrary reference speaking video and then drive the one-shot portrait to speak with the reference speaking style and another piece of audio. Specifically, we first develop a style encoder to extract dynamic facial motion patterns of a style reference video and then encode them into a style code. Afterward, we introduce a style-controllable decoder to synthesize stylized facial animations from the speech content and style code. In order to integrate the reference speaking style into generated videos, we design a style-aware adaptive transformer, which enables the encoded style code to adjust the weights of the feed-forward layers accordingly. Thanks to the style-aware adaptation mechanism, the reference speaking style can be better embedded into synthesized videos during decoding. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method is capable of generating talking head videos with diverse speaking styles from only one portrait image and an audio clip while achieving authentic visual effects. Project Page: https://github.com/FuxiVirtualHuman/styletalk.

Decompilation aims to transform a low-level program language (LPL) (eg., binary file) into its functionally-equivalent high-level program language (HPL) (e.g., C/C++). It is a core technology in software security, especially in vulnerability discovery and malware analysis. In recent years, with the successful application of neural machine translation (NMT) models in natural language processing (NLP), researchers have tried to build neural decompilers by borrowing the idea of NMT. They formulate the decompilation process as a translation problem between LPL and HPL, aiming to reduce the human cost required to develop decompilation tools and improve their generalizability. However, state-of-the-art learning-based decompilers do not cope well with compiler-optimized binaries. Since real-world binaries are mostly compiler-optimized, decompilers that do not consider optimized binaries have limited practical significance. In this paper, we propose a novel learning-based approach named NeurDP, that targets compiler-optimized binaries. NeurDP uses a graph neural network (GNN) model to convert LPL to an intermediate representation (IR), which bridges the gap between source code and optimized binary. We also design an Optimized Translation Unit (OTU) to split functions into smaller code fragments for better translation performance. Evaluation results on datasets containing various types of statements show that NeurDP can decompile optimized binaries with 45.21% higher accuracy than state-of-the-art neural decompilation frameworks.