We present a lightweight post-processing method to refine the semantic segmentation results of point cloud sequences. Most existing methods usually segment frame by frame and encounter the inherent ambiguity of the problem: based on a measurement in a single frame, labels are sometimes difficult to predict even for humans. To remedy this problem, we propose to explicitly train a network to refine these results predicted by an existing segmentation method. The network, which we call the P2Net, learns the consistency constraints between coincident points from consecutive frames after registration. We evaluate the proposed post-processing method both qualitatively and quantitatively on the SemanticKITTI dataset that consists of real outdoor scenes. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by comparing the results predicted by two representative networks with and without the refinement by the post-processing network. Specifically, qualitative visualization validates the key idea that labels of the points that are difficult to predict can be corrected with P2Net. Quantitatively, overall mIoU is improved from 10.5% to 11.7% for PointNet [1] and from 10.8% to 15.9% for PointNet++ [2].
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Mobile stereo-matching systems have become an important part of many applications, such as automated-driving vehicles and autonomous robots. Accurate stereo-matching methods usually lead to high computational complexity; however, mobile platforms have only limited hardware resources to keep their power consumption low; this makes it difficult to maintain both an acceptable processing speed and accuracy on mobile platforms. To resolve this trade-off, we herein propose a novel acceleration approach for the well-known zero-means normalized cross correlation (ZNCC) matching cost calculation algorithm on a Jetson Tx2 embedded GPU. In our method for accelerating ZNCC, target images are scanned in a zigzag fashion to efficiently reuse one pixel's computation for its neighboring pixels; this reduces the amount of data transmission and increases the utilization of on-chip registers, thus increasing the processing speed. As a result, our method is 2X faster than the traditional image scanning method, and 26% faster than the latest NCC method. By combining this technique with the domain transformation (DT) algorithm, our system show real-time processing speed of 32 fps, on a Jetson Tx2 GPU for 1,280x384 pixel images with a maximum disparity of 128. Additionally, the evaluation results on the KITTI 2015 benchmark show that our combined system is more accurate than the same algorithm combined with census by 7.26%, while maintaining almost the same processing speed.
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3D点云可以灵活地表示连续表面,可用于各种应用;但是,缺乏结构信息使点云识别具有挑战性。最近的边缘感知方法主要使用边缘信息作为描述局部结构以促进学习的额外功能。尽管这些方法表明,将边缘纳入网络设计是有益的,但它们通常缺乏解释性,使用户想知道边缘如何有所帮助。为了阐明这一问题,在这项研究中,我们提出了以可解释方式处理边缘的扩散单元(DU),同时提供了不错的改进。我们的方法可以通过三种方式解释。首先,我们从理论上表明,DU学会了执行任务呈纤维边缘的增强和抑制作用。其次,我们通过实验观察并验证边缘增强和抑制行为。第三,我们从经验上证明,这种行为有助于提高绩效。在具有挑战性的基准上进行的广泛实验验证了DU在可解释性和绩效增长方面的优势。具体而言,我们的方法使用S3DIS使用Shapenet零件和场景分割来实现对象零件分割的最新性能。我们的源代码将在https://github.com/martianxiu/diffusionunit上发布。
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阐明并准确预测分子的吸毒性和生物活性在药物设计和发现中起关键作用,并且仍然是一个开放的挑战。最近,图神经网络(GNN)在基于图的分子属性预测方面取得了显着进步。但是,当前基于图的深度学习方法忽略了分子的分层信息以及特征通道之间的关系。在这项研究中,我们提出了一个精心设计的分层信息图神经网络框架(称为hignn),用于通过利用分子图和化学合成的可见的无限元素片段来预测分子特性。此外,首先在Hignn体系结构中设计了一个插件功能的注意块,以适应消息传递阶段后自适应重新校准原子特征。广泛的实验表明,Hignn在许多具有挑战性的药物发现相关基准数据集上实现了最先进的预测性能。此外,我们设计了一种分子碎片的相似性机制,以全面研究Hignn模型在子图水平上的解释性,表明Hignn作为强大的深度学习工具可以帮助化学家和药剂师识别出设计更好分子的关键分子,以设计更好的分子,以设计出所需的更好分子。属性或功能。源代码可在https://github.com/idruglab/hignn上公开获得。
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基于视频的自动化手术技能评估是协助年轻的外科学员,尤其是在资源贫乏地区的一项有前途的任务。现有作品通常诉诸CNN-LSTM联合框架,该框架对LSTM的长期关系建模在空间汇总的短期CNN功能上。但是,这种做法将不可避免地忽略了空间维度中工具,组织和背景等语义概念之间的差异,从而阻碍了随后的时间关系建模。在本文中,我们提出了一个新型的技能评估框架,视频语义聚合(Visa),该框架发现了不同的语义部分,并将它们汇总在时空维度上。语义部分的明确发现提供了一种解释性的可视化,以帮助理解神经网络的决策。它还使我们能够进一步合并辅助信息,例如运动学数据,以改善表示和性能。与最新方法相比,两个数据集的实验显示了签证的竞争力。源代码可在以下网址获得:bit.ly/miccai2022visa。
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由于缺乏连接性信息,对局部表面几何形状进行建模在3D点云的理解中具有挑战性。大多数先前的作品使用各种卷积操作模拟本地几何形状。我们观察到,卷积可以等效地分解为局部和全球成分的加权组合。通过这种观察,我们明确地将这两个组件解散了,以便可以增强局部的组件并促进局部表面几何形状的学习。具体而言,我们提出了Laplacian单元(LU),这是一个简单而有效的建筑单元,可以增强局部几何学的学习。广泛的实验表明,配备有LU的网络在典型的云理解任务上实现了竞争性或卓越的性能。此外,通过建立平均曲率流之间的连接,基于曲率的LU进行了进一步研究,以解释LU的自适应平滑和锐化效果。代码将可用。
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由于缺乏连接性信息,即边缘,学习点云是具有挑战性的。尽管现有的边缘感知方法可以通过建模边缘来改善性能,但边缘如何促进改进尚不清楚。在这项研究中,我们提出了一种自动学习以增强/抑制边缘的方法,同时保持其工作机制清晰。首先,我们从理论上弄清楚边缘增强/抑制作用是如何工作的。其次,我们通过实验验证边缘增强/抑制行为。第三,我们从经验上表明这种行为可以提高性能。通常,我们观察到所提出的方法在点云分类和细分任务中实现了竞争性能。
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该属性方法通过识别和可视化占据网络输出的输入区域/像素来提供用于以可视化方式解释不透明神经网络的方向。关于视觉上解释视频理解网络的归因方法,由于视频输入中存在的独特的时空依赖性以及视频理解网络的特殊3D卷积或经常性结构,它具有具有挑战性。然而,大多数现有的归因方法专注于解释拍摄单个图像的网络作为输入,并且少量设计用于视频归属的作品来处理视频理解网络的多样化结构。在本文中,我们调查了与多样化视频理解网络兼容的基于通用扰动的归因方法。此外,我们提出了一种新的正则化术语来增强方法,通过限制其归属的平滑度导致空间和时间维度。为了评估不同视频归因方法的有效性而不依赖于手动判断,我们引入了通过新提出的可靠性测量检查的可靠的客观度量。我们通过主观和客观评估和与多种重要归因方法进行比较验证了我们的方法的有效性。
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本文提出了一种新颖的语义场景变化检测方案,只有弱监督。该任务的一种直接方法是直接以端到端的方式从大规模数据集训练语义变更检测网络。但是,该任务的特定数据集通常是劳动密集型且耗时的,这是必不可少的。为了避免此问题,我们建议通过将此任务分为变化检测和语义提取来训练现有数据集的这种网络。另一方面,例如,相机观点的差异,例如,在不同时间点从车辆安装的相机捕获的同一场景的图像,通常会给变更检测任务带来挑战。为了应对这一挑战,我们通过引入相关层提出了一种新的暹罗网络结构。此外,我们收集并注释了公开可用的数据集,以评估所提出的方法。实验结果验证了变化检测任务的鲁棒性与观点差异以及提出网络的语义变化检测有效性。我们的代码和数据集可在https://kensakurada.github.io/pscd上找到。
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The concept of walkable urban development has gained increased attention due to its public health, economic, and environmental sustainability benefits. Unfortunately, land zoning and historic under-investment have resulted in spatial inequality in walkability and social inequality among residents. We tackle the problem of Walkability Optimization through the lens of combinatorial optimization. The task is to select locations in which additional amenities (e.g., grocery stores, schools, restaurants) can be allocated to improve resident access via walking while taking into account existing amenities and providing multiple options (e.g., for restaurants). To this end, we derive Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) and Constraint Programming (CP) models. Moreover, we show that the problem's objective function is submodular in special cases, which motivates an efficient greedy heuristic. We conduct a case study on 31 underserved neighborhoods in the City of Toronto, Canada. MILP finds the best solutions in most scenarios but does not scale well with network size. The greedy algorithm scales well and finds near-optimal solutions. Our empirical evaluation shows that neighbourhoods with low walkability have a great potential for transformation into pedestrian-friendly neighbourhoods by strategically placing new amenities. Allocating 3 additional grocery stores, schools, and restaurants can improve the "WalkScore" by more than 50 points (on a scale of 100) for 4 neighbourhoods and reduce the walking distances to amenities for 75% of all residential locations to 10 minutes for all amenity types. Our code and paper appendix are available at https://github.com/khalil-research/walkability.
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