近年来，卷积神经网络（CNN）证明了它们在许多领域解决问题的能力，并且以前无法进行准确性。但是，这带有广泛的计算要求，这使得普通CPU无法提供所需的实时性能。同时，FPGA对加速CNN推断的兴趣激增。这是由于他们有能力创建具有不同级别的并行性的自定义设计。此外，与GPU相比，FPGA提供每瓦的性能更好。基于FPGA的CNN加速器的当前趋势是实现多个卷积层处理器（CLP），每个处理器都针对一层层量身定制。但是，CNN体系结构的日益增长的复杂性使得优化目标FPGA设备上可用的资源，以使最佳性能更具挑战性。在本文中，我们提出了CNN加速器和随附的自动设计方法，该方法采用元启发式学来分区可用的FPGA资源来设计多CLP加速器。具体而言，提出的设计工具采用模拟退火（SA）和禁忌搜索（TS）算法来查找所需的CLP数量及其各自的配置，以在给定的目标FPGA设备上实现最佳性能。在这里，重点是关键规格和硬件资源，包括数字信号处理器，阻止RAM和芯片内存储器带宽。提出了使用四个众所周知的基准CNN的实验结果和比较，表明所提出的加速框架既令人鼓舞又有前途。基于SA-/TS的多CLP比在加速Alexnet，Squeezenet 1.1，VGGNET和Googlenet架构上的最新单个/多CLP方法高1.31x-2.37倍高2.37倍。和VC709 FPGA板。

离散的Hahn多项式（DHP）及其时刻被认为是高效的正交矩之一，并且它们应用于各种科学领域，例如图像处理和特征提取。通常，DHP用作对象表示;然而，当瞬间顺序变大时，它们遭受数值不稳定性的问题。在本文中，提出了一种用于计算HAHN正交基础的有效方法，并应用于高订单。本文开发了一种用于计算DHP初始值的新数学模型，以及用于DHP参数的不同值（$ \ alpha $和$ \ beta $）。另外，所提出的方法由两个复发算法组成，具有自适应阈值，以稳定DHP系数的产生。它与在计算成本和可以正确生成的最大尺寸方面与最先进的算法进行比较。实验结果表明，该算法在（$ \ alpha $和$ \ beta $）和多项式大小的宽范围范围内的参数中表现更好。

新的冠状病毒造成了超过一百万的死亡，并继续迅速传播。这种病毒靶向肺部，导致呼吸窘迫，这可以轻度或严重。肺的X射线或计算机断层扫描（CT）图像可以揭示患者是否感染Covid-19。许多研究人员正在尝试使用人工智能改善Covid-19检测。我们的动机是开发一种可以应对的自动方法，该方法可以应对标记数据的方案是耗时或昂贵的。在本文中，我们提出了使用依赖于Sobel边缘检测和生成对冲网络（GANS）的有限标记数据（SCLLD）的半监督分类来自动化Covid-19诊断。 GaN鉴别器输出是一种概率值，用于在这项工作中进行分类。建议的系统使用从Omid Hosparing收集的10,000 CT扫描培训，而公共数据集也用于验证我们的系统。将该方法与其他最先进的监督方法进行比较，例如高斯过程。据我们所知，这是第一次提出了对Covid-19检测的半监督方法。我们的系统能够从有限标记和未标记数据的混合学习，该数据由于缺乏足够量的标记数据而导致的监督学习者失败。因此，我们的半监督训练方法显着优于卷积神经网络（CNN）的监督培训，当标记的训练数据稀缺时。在精度，敏感性和特异性方面，我们的方法的95％置信区间分别为99.56±0.20％，99.88±0.24％和99.40±0.1.18％，而CNN的间隔（训练有素的监督）为68.34 + - 4.11％，91.2 + - 6.15％，46.40 + - 5.21％。

The recent increase in public and academic interest in preserving biodiversity has led to the growth of the field of conservation technology. This field involves designing and constructing tools that utilize technology to aid in the conservation of wildlife. In this article, we will use case studies to demonstrate the importance of designing conservation tools with human-wildlife interaction in mind and provide a framework for creating successful tools. These case studies include a range of complexities, from simple cat collars to machine learning and game theory methodologies. Our goal is to introduce and inform current and future researchers in the field of conservation technology and provide references for educating the next generation of conservation technologists. Conservation technology not only has the potential to benefit biodiversity but also has broader impacts on fields such as sustainability and environmental protection. By using innovative technologies to address conservation challenges, we can find more effective and efficient solutions to protect and preserve our planet's resources.

We present the interpretable meta neural ordinary differential equation (iMODE) method to rapidly learn generalizable (i.e., not parameter-specific) dynamics from trajectories of multiple dynamical systems that vary in their physical parameters. The iMODE method learns meta-knowledge, the functional variations of the force field of dynamical system instances without knowing the physical parameters, by adopting a bi-level optimization framework: an outer level capturing the common force field form among studied dynamical system instances and an inner level adapting to individual system instances. A priori physical knowledge can be conveniently embedded in the neural network architecture as inductive bias, such as conservative force field and Euclidean symmetry. With the learned meta-knowledge, iMODE can model an unseen system within seconds, and inversely reveal knowledge on the physical parameters of a system, or as a Neural Gauge to "measure" the physical parameters of an unseen system with observed trajectories. We test the validity of the iMODE method on bistable, double pendulum, Van der Pol, Slinky, and reaction-diffusion systems.

While the brain connectivity network can inform the understanding and diagnosis of developmental dyslexia, its cause-effect relationships have not yet enough been examined. Employing electroencephalography signals and band-limited white noise stimulus at 4.8 Hz (prosodic-syllabic frequency), we measure the phase Granger causalities among channels to identify differences between dyslexic learners and controls, thereby proposing a method to calculate directional connectivity. As causal relationships run in both directions, we explore three scenarios, namely channels' activity as sources, as sinks, and in total. Our proposed method can be used for both classification and exploratory analysis. In all scenarios, we find confirmation of the established right-lateralized Theta sampling network anomaly, in line with the temporal sampling framework's assumption of oscillatory differences in the Theta and Gamma bands. Further, we show that this anomaly primarily occurs in the causal relationships of channels acting as sinks, where it is significantly more pronounced than when only total activity is observed. In the sink scenario, our classifier obtains 0.84 and 0.88 accuracy and 0.87 and 0.93 AUC for the Theta and Gamma bands, respectively.

Variational autoencoders model high-dimensional data by positing low-dimensional latent variables that are mapped through a flexible distribution parametrized by a neural network. Unfortunately, variational autoencoders often suffer from posterior collapse: the posterior of the latent variables is equal to its prior, rendering the variational autoencoder useless as a means to produce meaningful representations. Existing approaches to posterior collapse often attribute it to the use of neural networks or optimization issues due to variational approximation. In this paper, we consider posterior collapse as a problem of latent variable non-identifiability. We prove that the posterior collapses if and only if the latent variables are non-identifiable in the generative model. This fact implies that posterior collapse is not a phenomenon specific to the use of flexible distributions or approximate inference. Rather, it can occur in classical probabilistic models even with exact inference, which we also demonstrate. Based on these results, we propose a class of latent-identifiable variational autoencoders, deep generative models which enforce identifiability without sacrificing flexibility. This model class resolves the problem of latent variable non-identifiability by leveraging bijective Brenier maps and parameterizing them with input convex neural networks, without special variational inference objectives or optimization tricks. Across synthetic and real datasets, latent-identifiable variational autoencoders outperform existing methods in mitigating posterior collapse and providing meaningful representations of the data.

There are multiple scales of abstraction from which we can describe the same image, depending on whether we are focusing on fine-grained details or a more global attribute of the image. In brain mapping, learning to automatically parse images to build representations of both small-scale features (e.g., the presence of cells or blood vessels) and global properties of an image (e.g., which brain region the image comes from) is a crucial and open challenge. However, most existing datasets and benchmarks for neuroanatomy consider only a single downstream task at a time. To bridge this gap, we introduce a new dataset, annotations, and multiple downstream tasks that provide diverse ways to readout information about brain structure and architecture from the same image. Our multi-task neuroimaging benchmark (MTNeuro) is built on volumetric, micrometer-resolution X-ray microtomography images spanning a large thalamocortical section of mouse brain, encompassing multiple cortical and subcortical regions. We generated a number of different prediction challenges and evaluated several supervised and self-supervised models for brain-region prediction and pixel-level semantic segmentation of microstructures. Our experiments not only highlight the rich heterogeneity of this dataset, but also provide insights into how self-supervised approaches can be used to learn representations that capture multiple attributes of a single image and perform well on a variety of downstream tasks. Datasets, code, and pre-trained baseline models are provided at: https://mtneuro.github.io/ .

We derive a set of causal deep neural networks whose architectures are a consequence of tensor (multilinear) factor analysis. Forward causal questions are addressed with a neural network architecture composed of causal capsules and a tensor transformer. The former estimate a set of latent variables that represent the causal factors, and the latter governs their interaction. Causal capsules and tensor transformers may be implemented using shallow autoencoders, but for a scalable architecture we employ block algebra and derive a deep neural network composed of a hierarchy of autoencoders. An interleaved kernel hierarchy preprocesses the data resulting in a hierarchy of kernel tensor factor models. Inverse causal questions are addressed with a neural network that implements multilinear projection and estimates the causes of effects. As an alternative to aggressive bottleneck dimension reduction or regularized regression that may camouflage an inherently underdetermined inverse problem, we prescribe modeling different aspects of the mechanism of data formation with piecewise tensor models whose multilinear projections are well-defined and produce multiple candidate solutions. Our forward and inverse neural network architectures are suitable for asynchronous parallel computation.

Landing an unmanned aerial vehicle unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) on top of an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) in harsh open waters is a challenging problem, owing to forces that can damage the UAV due to a severe roll and/or pitch angle of the USV during touchdown. To tackle this, we propose a novel model predictive control (MPC) approach enabling a UAV to land autonomously on a USV in these harsh conditions. The MPC employs a novel objective function and an online decomposition of the oscillatory motion of the vessel to predict, attempt, and accomplish the landing during near-zero tilt of the landing platform. The nonlinear prediction of the motion of the vessel is performed using visual data from an onboard camera. Therefore, the system does not require any communication with the USV or a control station. The proposed method was analyzed in numerous robotics simulations in harsh and extreme conditions and further validated in various real-world scenarios.