我们提出了一种算法，以估计反向和前向kullback-leibler差异的路径梯度，以明显可逆地归一流。与标准的总梯度估计器相比，所得的路径梯度估计器可直接实施，具有较低的差异，不仅可以提高训练的速度更快，而且导致总体近似结果更好。我们还证明，路径梯度训练不太容易受到模式折叠的影响。鉴于我们的结果，我们期望路径梯度估计器将成为训练归一化流量的新标准方法。

最近的工作已经为简单的高斯分布建立了一个路径梯度估计量，并认为该路径梯度在变化分布接近确切目标分布的状态下尤其有益。但是，在许多应用中，这种制度无法通过简单的高斯分布来达到。在这项工作中，我们通过提出一个途径梯度估计量来克服这一关键限制，以使连续归一化流的表达性变异家族更加表现力。我们概述了一种有效的算法来计算该估计器并通过经验建立其出色的性能。

反事实可以以人类的可解释方式解释神经网络的分类决策。我们提出了一种简单但有效的方法来产生这种反事实。更具体地说，我们执行合适的差异坐标转换，然后在这些坐标中执行梯度上升，以查找反事实，这些反事实是由置信度良好的指定目标类别分类的。我们提出了两种方法来利用生成模型来构建完全或大约差异的合适坐标系。我们使用Riemannian差异几何形状分析了生成过程，并使用各种定性和定量测量方法验证了生成的反事实质量。

估计自由能，以及其他热力学可观察，是格子田间理论中的关键任务。最近，已经指出，可以在这种情况下使用深生成的模型。至关重要的是，这些模型允许在参数空间中的给定点处直接估计自由能。这与基于Markov链条的现有方法形成对比，这些方法通常需要通过参数空间集成。在这一贡献中，我们将审查这种基于机器学习的估算方法。我们将详细讨论模式崩溃问题和大纲缓解技术，这些技术特别适用于有限温度的应用。

传统上，基于标度律维模型已被用于参数对流换热岩类地行星像地球，火星，水星和金星的内部，以解决二维或三维高保真前插的计算瓶颈。然而，这些在物理它们可以建模（例如深度取决于材料特性），并预测只平均量的量的限制，例如平均温度地幔。我们最近发现，前馈神经网络（FNN），使用了大量的二维模拟可以克服这个限制和可靠地预测整个1D横向平均温度分布的演变，及时为复杂的模型训练。我们现在扩展该方法以预测的完整2D温度字段，它包含在对流结构如热羽状和冷downwellings的形式的信息。使用的地幔热演化的10,525二维模拟数据集火星般的星球，我们表明，深度学习技术能够产生可靠的参数代理人（即代理人即预测仅基于参数状态变量，如温度）底层偏微分方程。我们首先使用卷积自动编码由142倍以压缩温度场，然后使用FNN和长短期存储器网络（LSTM）来预测所述压缩字段。平均起来，FNN预测是99.30％，并且LSTM预测是准确相对于看不见模拟99.22％。在LSTM和FNN预测显示，尽管较低的绝对平均相对精度，LSTMs捕捉血流动力学优于FNNS适当的正交分解（POD）。当求和，从FNN预测和从LSTM预测量至96.51％，相对97.66％到原始模拟的系数，分别与POD系数。

Blind image quality assessment (BIQA) remains challenging due to the diversity of distortion and image content variation, which complicate the distortion patterns crossing different scales and aggravate the difficulty of the regression problem for BIQA. However, existing BIQA methods often fail to consider multi-scale distortion patterns and image content, and little research has been done on learning strategies to make the regression model produce better performance. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective Progressive Multi-Task Image Quality Assessment (PMT-IQA) model, which contains a multi-scale feature extraction module (MS) and a progressive multi-task learning module (PMT), to help the model learn complex distortion patterns and better optimize the regression issue to align with the law of human learning process from easy to hard. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed PMT-IQA model, we conduct experiments on four widely used public datasets, and the experimental results indicate that the performance of PMT-IQA is superior to the comparison approaches, and both MS and PMT modules improve the model's performance.

In this paper, we study the problem of knowledge-intensive text-to-SQL, in which domain knowledge is necessary to parse expert questions into SQL queries over domain-specific tables. We formalize this scenario by building a new Chinese benchmark KnowSQL consisting of domain-specific questions covering various domains. We then address this problem by presenting formulaic knowledge, rather than by annotating additional data examples. More concretely, we construct a formulaic knowledge bank as a domain knowledge base and propose a framework (ReGrouP) to leverage this formulaic knowledge during parsing. Experiments using ReGrouP demonstrate a significant 28.2% improvement overall on KnowSQL.

Temporal sentence grounding (TSG) aims to identify the temporal boundary of a specific segment from an untrimmed video by a sentence query. All existing works first utilize a sparse sampling strategy to extract a fixed number of video frames and then conduct multi-modal interactions with query sentence for reasoning. However, we argue that these methods have overlooked two indispensable issues: 1) Boundary-bias: The annotated target segment generally refers to two specific frames as corresponding start and end timestamps. The video downsampling process may lose these two frames and take the adjacent irrelevant frames as new boundaries. 2) Reasoning-bias: Such incorrect new boundary frames also lead to the reasoning bias during frame-query interaction, reducing the generalization ability of model. To alleviate above limitations, in this paper, we propose a novel Siamese Sampling and Reasoning Network (SSRN) for TSG, which introduces a siamese sampling mechanism to generate additional contextual frames to enrich and refine the new boundaries. Specifically, a reasoning strategy is developed to learn the inter-relationship among these frames and generate soft labels on boundaries for more accurate frame-query reasoning. Such mechanism is also able to supplement the absent consecutive visual semantics to the sampled sparse frames for fine-grained activity understanding. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of SSRN on three challenging datasets.

We introduce Argoverse 2 (AV2) - a collection of three datasets for perception and forecasting research in the self-driving domain. The annotated Sensor Dataset contains 1,000 sequences of multimodal data, encompassing high-resolution imagery from seven ring cameras, and two stereo cameras in addition to lidar point clouds, and 6-DOF map-aligned pose. Sequences contain 3D cuboid annotations for 26 object categories, all of which are sufficiently-sampled to support training and evaluation of 3D perception models. The Lidar Dataset contains 20,000 sequences of unlabeled lidar point clouds and map-aligned pose. This dataset is the largest ever collection of lidar sensor data and supports self-supervised learning and the emerging task of point cloud forecasting. Finally, the Motion Forecasting Dataset contains 250,000 scenarios mined for interesting and challenging interactions between the autonomous vehicle and other actors in each local scene. Models are tasked with the prediction of future motion for "scored actors" in each scenario and are provided with track histories that capture object location, heading, velocity, and category. In all three datasets, each scenario contains its own HD Map with 3D lane and crosswalk geometry - sourced from data captured in six distinct cities. We believe these datasets will support new and existing machine learning research problems in ways that existing datasets do not. All datasets are released under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.

As an important variant of entity alignment (EA), multi-modal entity alignment (MMEA) aims to discover identical entities across different knowledge graphs (KGs) with multiple modalities like images. However, current MMEA algorithms all adopt KG-level modality fusion strategies but ignore modality differences among individual entities, hurting the robustness to potential noise involved in modalities (e.g., unidentifiable images and relations). In this paper we present MEAformer, a multi-modal entity alignment transformer approach for meta modality hybrid, to dynamically predict the mutual correlation coefficients among modalities for instance-level feature fusion. A modal-aware hard entity replay strategy is also proposed for addressing vague entity details. Extensive experimental results show that our model not only achieves SOTA performance on multiple training scenarios including supervised, unsupervised, iterative, and low resource, but also has limited parameters, optimistic speed, and good interpretability. Our code will be available soon.