在过去的几年中，卷积神经网络（CNN）证明了它们直接从孔隙空间几何形状直接预测多孔媒体研究中的特征数量的能力。由于与经典计算方法相比，经常观察到的计算时间显着减少，因此通过CNNS进行的批量参数预测特别令人信服，例如有效扩散。尽管目前的文献主要集中在完全饱和的多孔介质上，但部分饱和的情况也引起了人们的兴趣。由于在这种情况下可用于扩散传输的域的质量不同且更复杂的几何形状，因此标准CNN倾向于以较低的饱和速率失去稳健性和准确性。在本文中，我们证明了CNN直接从完整的孔隙空间几何形状进行相对扩散的预测能力。因此，我们的CNN便利地融合了扩散预测和一个完善的形态模型，该模型描述了部分饱和多孔介质中的相分布。

Understanding customer feedback is becoming a necessity for companies to identify problems and improve their products and services. Text classification and sentiment analysis can play a major role in analyzing this data by using a variety of machine and deep learning approaches. In this work, different transformer-based models are utilized to explore how efficient these models are when working with a German customer feedback dataset. In addition, these pre-trained models are further analyzed to determine if adapting them to a specific domain using unlabeled data can yield better results than off-the-shelf pre-trained models. To evaluate the models, two downstream tasks from the GermEval 2017 are considered. The experimental results show that transformer-based models can reach significant improvements compared to a fastText baseline and outperform the published scores and previous models. For the subtask Relevance Classification, the best models achieve a micro-averaged $F1$-Score of 96.1 % on the first test set and 95.9 % on the second one, and a score of 85.1 % and 85.3 % for the subtask Polarity Classification.

诗歌的语音综合是由于诗意语音固有的特定语调模式而具有挑战性的。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种将诗歌与几乎像人类一样自然的综合诗作的方法，以使文学学者能够系统地检查有关文本，口头实现和听众对诗歌的相互作用的假设。为了满足文学研究的这些特殊要求，我们通过从人类参考朗诵中克隆韵律价值来重新合成诗，然后利用细粒度的韵律控制来操纵在人类的环境中的合成语音以改变朗诵W.R.T.具体现象。我们发现，对诗歌的TTS模型进行鉴定会在很大程度上捕捉诗歌语调模式，这对韵律克隆和操纵是有益的，并在客观评估和人类研究中都验证了我们方法的成功。

结合添加剂模型和神经网络可以通过同时通过可解释的结构化添加剂预测变量扩大统计回归的范围并扩展基于深度学习的方法。但是，将两种建模方法统一的现有尝试仅限于非常具体的组合，更重要的是涉及可识别性问题。结果，通常会丢失可解释性和稳定的估计。我们提出了一个通用框架，将结构化回归模型和深层神经网络组合到统一的网络体系结构中。为了克服不同模型零件之间固有的可识别性问题，我们构建了一个正交的单元，该细胞将深层神经网络投射到统计模型预测因子的正交补体中。这可以正确估计结构化模型零件，从而可以解释性。我们在数值实验中演示了该框架的功效，并在基准和现实世界应用中说明了其特殊优点。

These notes were compiled as lecture notes for a course developed and taught at the University of the Southern California. They should be accessible to a typical engineering graduate student with a strong background in Applied Mathematics. The main objective of these notes is to introduce a student who is familiar with concepts in linear algebra and partial differential equations to select topics in deep learning. These lecture notes exploit the strong connections between deep learning algorithms and the more conventional techniques of computational physics to achieve two goals. First, they use concepts from computational physics to develop an understanding of deep learning algorithms. Not surprisingly, many concepts in deep learning can be connected to similar concepts in computational physics, and one can utilize this connection to better understand these algorithms. Second, several novel deep learning algorithms can be used to solve challenging problems in computational physics. Thus, they offer someone who is interested in modeling a physical phenomena with a complementary set of tools.

Modelling and forecasting real-life human behaviour using online social media is an active endeavour of interest in politics, government, academia, and industry. Since its creation in 2006, Twitter has been proposed as a potential laboratory that could be used to gauge and predict social behaviour. During the last decade, the user base of Twitter has been growing and becoming more representative of the general population. Here we analyse this user base in the context of the 2021 Mexican Legislative Election. To do so, we use a dataset of 15 million election-related tweets in the six months preceding election day. We explore different election models that assign political preference to either the ruling parties or the opposition. We find that models using data with geographical attributes determine the results of the election with better precision and accuracy than conventional polling methods. These results demonstrate that analysis of public online data can outperform conventional polling methods, and that political analysis and general forecasting would likely benefit from incorporating such data in the immediate future. Moreover, the same Twitter dataset with geographical attributes is positively correlated with results from official census data on population and internet usage in Mexico. These findings suggest that we have reached a period in time when online activity, appropriately curated, can provide an accurate representation of offline behaviour.

Representing and synthesizing novel views in real-world dynamic scenes from casual monocular videos is a long-standing problem. Existing solutions typically approach dynamic scenes by applying geometry techniques or utilizing temporal information between several adjacent frames without considering the underlying background distribution in the entire scene or the transmittance over the ray dimension, limiting their performance on static and occlusion areas. Our approach $\textbf{D}$istribution-$\textbf{D}$riven neural radiance fields offers high-quality view synthesis and a 3D solution to $\textbf{D}$etach the background from the entire $\textbf{D}$ynamic scene, which is called $\text{D}^4$NeRF. Specifically, it employs a neural representation to capture the scene distribution in the static background and a 6D-input NeRF to represent dynamic objects, respectively. Each ray sample is given an additional occlusion weight to indicate the transmittance lying in the static and dynamic components. We evaluate $\text{D}^4$NeRF on public dynamic scenes and our urban driving scenes acquired from an autonomous-driving dataset. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach outperforms previous methods in rendering texture details and motion areas while also producing a clean static background. Our code will be released at https://github.com/Luciferbobo/D4NeRF.

Code generation models have achieved impressive performance. However, they tend to be brittle as slight edits to a prompt could lead to very different generations; these robustness properties, critical for user experience when deployed in real-life applications, are not well understood. Most existing works on robustness in text or code tasks have focused on classification, while robustness in generation tasks is an uncharted area and to date there is no comprehensive benchmark for robustness in code generation. In this paper, we propose ReCode, a comprehensive robustness evaluation benchmark for code generation models. We customize over 30 transformations specifically for code on docstrings, function and variable names, code syntax, and code format. They are carefully designed to be natural in real-life coding practice, preserve the original semantic meaning, and thus provide multifaceted assessments of a model's robustness performance. With human annotators, we verified that over 90% of the perturbed prompts do not alter the semantic meaning of the original prompt. In addition, we define robustness metrics for code generation models considering the worst-case behavior under each type of perturbation, taking advantage of the fact that executing the generated code can serve as objective evaluation. We demonstrate ReCode on SOTA models using HumanEval, MBPP, as well as function completion tasks derived from them. Interesting observations include: better robustness for CodeGen over InCoder and GPT-J; models are most sensitive to syntax perturbations; more challenging robustness evaluation on MBPP over HumanEval.

Modeling perception sensors is key for simulation based testing of automated driving functions. Beyond weather conditions themselves, sensors are also subjected to object dependent environmental influences like tire spray caused by vehicles moving on wet pavement. In this work, a novel modeling approach for spray in lidar data is introduced. The model conforms to the Open Simulation Interface (OSI) standard and is based on the formation of detection clusters within a spray plume. The detections are rendered with a simple custom ray casting algorithm without the need of a fluid dynamics simulation or physics engine. The model is subsequently used to generate training data for object detection algorithms. It is shown that the model helps to improve detection in real-world spray scenarios significantly. Furthermore, a systematic real-world data set is recorded and published for analysis, model calibration and validation of spray effects in active perception sensors. Experiments are conducted on a test track by driving over artificially watered pavement with varying vehicle speeds, vehicle types and levels of pavement wetness. All models and data of this work are available open source.

With the success of neural volume rendering in novel view synthesis, neural implicit reconstruction with volume rendering has become popular. However, most methods optimize per-scene functions and are unable to generalize to novel scenes. We introduce VolRecon, a generalizable implicit reconstruction method with Signed Ray Distance Function (SRDF). To reconstruct with fine details and little noise, we combine projection features, aggregated from multi-view features with a view transformer, and volume features interpolated from a coarse global feature volume. A ray transformer computes SRDF values of all the samples along a ray to estimate the surface location, which are used for volume rendering of color and depth. Extensive experiments on DTU and ETH3D demonstrate the effectiveness and generalization ability of our method. On DTU, our method outperforms SparseNeuS by about 30% in sparse view reconstruction and achieves comparable quality as MVSNet in full view reconstruction. Besides, our method shows good generalization ability on the large-scale ETH3D benchmark. Project page: https://fangjinhuawang.github.io/VolRecon.