To facilitate research on text generation, this paper presents a comprehensive and unified library, TextBox 2.0, focusing on the use of pre-trained language models (PLMs). To be comprehensive, our library covers $13$ common text generation tasks and their corresponding $83$ datasets and further incorporates $45$ PLMs covering general, translation, Chinese, dialogue, controllable, distilled, prompting, and lightweight PLMs. We also implement $4$ efficient training strategies and provide $4$ generation objectives for pre-training new PLMs from scratch. To be unified, we design the interfaces to support the entire research pipeline (from data loading to training and evaluation), ensuring that each step can be fulfilled in a unified way. Despite the rich functionality, it is easy to use our library, either through the friendly Python API or command line. To validate the effectiveness of our library, we conduct extensive experiments and exemplify four types of research scenarios. The project is released at the link: https://github.com/RUCAIBox/TextBox.
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The security of artificial intelligence (AI) is an important research area towards safe, reliable, and trustworthy AI systems. To accelerate the research on AI security, the Artificial Intelligence Security Competition (AISC) was organized by the Zhongguancun Laboratory, China Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Tsinghua University, and RealAI as part of the Zhongguancun International Frontier Technology Innovation Competition (https://www.zgc-aisc.com/en). The competition consists of three tracks, including Deepfake Security Competition, Autonomous Driving Security Competition, and Face Recognition Security Competition. This report will introduce the competition rules of these three tracks and the solutions of top-ranking teams in each track.
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Automatically fixing software bugs is a challenging task. While recent work showed that natural language context is useful in guiding bug-fixing models, the approach required prompting developers to provide this context, which was simulated through commit messages written after the bug-fixing code changes were made. We instead propose using bug report discussions, which are available before the task is performed and are also naturally occurring, avoiding the need for any additional information from developers. For this, we augment standard bug-fixing datasets with bug report discussions. Using these newly compiled datasets, we demonstrate that various forms of natural language context derived from such discussions can aid bug-fixing, even leading to improved performance over using commit messages corresponding to the oracle bug-fixing commits.
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Myocardial pathology segmentation (MyoPS) can be a prerequisite for the accurate diagnosis and treatment planning of myocardial infarction. However, achieving this segmentation is challenging, mainly due to the inadequate and indistinct information from an image. In this work, we develop an end-to-end deep neural network, referred to as MyoPS-Net, to flexibly combine five-sequence cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images for MyoPS. To extract precise and adequate information, we design an effective yet flexible architecture to extract and fuse cross-modal features. This architecture can tackle different numbers of CMR images and complex combinations of modalities, with output branches targeting specific pathologies. To impose anatomical knowledge on the segmentation results, we first propose a module to regularize myocardium consistency and localize the pathologies, and then introduce an inclusiveness loss to utilize relations between myocardial scars and edema. We evaluated the proposed MyoPS-Net on two datasets, i.e., a private one consisting of 50 paired multi-sequence CMR images and a public one from MICCAI2020 MyoPS Challenge. Experimental results showed that MyoPS-Net could achieve state-of-the-art performance in various scenarios. Note that in practical clinics, the subjects may not have full sequences, such as missing LGE CMR or mapping CMR scans. We therefore conducted extensive experiments to investigate the performance of the proposed method in dealing with such complex combinations of different CMR sequences. Results proved the superiority and generalizability of MyoPS-Net, and more importantly, indicated a practical clinical application.
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GPT-3等模型的零和少量提示的最新成功导致了NLP研究的范式转移。在本文中,我们研究了其对文本摘要的影响,重点是新闻摘要的经典基准领域。首先,我们研究了零击GPT-3与在大型摘要数据集中训练的微调模型的比较。我们表明,不仅人类压倒性地更喜欢GPT-3摘要,而且这些摘要也不遭受普通数据集特异性问题(例如事实差的问题)。接下来,我们研究这对评估意味着什么,尤其是黄金标准测试集的作用。我们的实验表明,基于参考和无参考的自动指标,例如最近提出的基于质量检查或基于质量的事实方法无法可靠地评估零击摘要。最后,我们讨论了未来的研究挑战,除了通用摘要之外,特别是基于关键字和方面的摘要,表明了优势微调方法与零拍的提示相比如何。为了支持进一步的研究,我们发布:(a)在4个标准摘要基准中,从微调和零摄像模型中产生的10K生成的摘要,(b)1K人类偏好判断和比较不同系统的普通系统,以进行通用和关键字的不同系统。基于摘要。
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当个人指出或谈论其他人的话语时,语言永久不平等的能力最为明显。尽管当前对NLP中偏见的研究主要依赖于对特定群体的仇恨言论或偏见,但我们认为我们可以通过建模说话者,文本和目标来对偏见与语言使用之间的相互作用的相互作用更加微妙和细微的理解在文字中。在本文中,我们介绍了一个由美国国会议员注释的3033个英语推文的数据集,并介绍了人际情绪的注释,并对人际关系成员标签进行了“找到监督”。我们发现,诸如愤怒和厌恶之类的负面情绪主要用于群体外部情况,主要针对对方领导人。虽然人类可以表现出色,而不是鉴定人际群体成员资格的机会,但神经模型的表现要好得多。此外,人际关系成员资格和人际关系情感之间的共同编码使后者有一些表现的提高。这项工作旨在将NLP中偏见的研究从特定的偏见中重新调整为封装说话者,文本,目标和社会动态之间关系的偏见。本文的数据和代码可从https://github.com/venkatasg/interpersonal-dynamics获得
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接受高等教育对于少数族裔和新兴双语学生至关重要。但是,高等教育机构用来与准学生交流的语言通常太复杂了。具体而言,美国的许多机构发布录取申请指令远远高于典型高中毕业生的平均阅读水平,通常接近13年级或14年级。这导致学生之间不必要的障碍和获得高等教育。这项工作旨在通过简化文本来应对这一挑战。我们介绍PSAT(专业简化的录取文本),这是一个数据集,其中有112条从美国的高等教育机构中随机选择的录取说明。然后,这些文本将被专业地简化,并被各个机构招生办公室的专职员工专家进行了验证和接受。此外,PSAT带有1,883个原始简化句子对的手动对齐。结果是在与现有简化资源不同的高风险流派中评估和微调文本简化系统的首个语料库。
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网络安全漏洞是分布式网络物理系统(CPS)的常见异常。但是,即使使用尖端人工智能(AI)方法,网络安全漏洞分类仍然是一个困难的问题。在本文中,我们研究了网络安全性的多类分类问题,以进行攻击检测。考虑了一个具有挑战性的多节点数据审查案例。在这种情况下,当本地数据不完整时,每个数据中心/节点中的数据都无法共享。特别是,本地节点仅包含多个类别的一部分。为了培训全球多级分类器而不在所有节点上共享原始数据,我们研究的主要结果是设计多节点多级分类合奏方法。通过从每个局部节点收集二进制分类器和数据密度的估计参数,每个局部节点的丢失信息都可以完成,以构建全局多类分类器。进行数值实验以验证在多节点数据审查情况下提出的方法的有效性。在这种情况下,我们甚至显示了对全数据ATA方法的拟议方法的表现。
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预审前的语言模型已被证明在许多与软件有关的一代任务中都是有效的。但是,它们不适合编辑任务,因为它们不是为了推理编辑的原因。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一个新颖的预处理目标,该目标明确地对编辑进行了建模并使用它来构建Coditt5,这是一种用于软件相关编辑任务的大型语言模型,该任务是在大量源代码和自然语言评论中鉴定的。我们将其对各种下游编辑任务进行微调,包括评论更新,错误修复和自动代码审核。通过优于基于纯生成的模型,我们证明了方法的普遍性及其对编辑任务的适用性。我们还展示了纯生成模型和我们的基于编辑的模型如何通过简单的重读策略相互补充,我们可以通过该策略实现三个下游编辑任务的最新性能。
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人对象相互作用(HOI)检测在活动理解中起着至关重要的作用。尽管已经取得了重大进展,但交互性学习仍然是HOI检测的一个具有挑战性的问题:现有方法通常会产生冗余的负H-O对提案,并且无法有效提取交互式对。尽管已经在整个身体和部分级别研究了互动率,并促进了H-O配对,但以前的作品仅专注于目标人一次(即,从本地角度来看)并忽略了其他人的信息。在本文中,我们认为同时比较多人的身体零件可以使我们更有用,更补充的互动提示。也就是说,从全球的角度学习身体部分的互动:当对目标人的身体零件互动进行分类时,不仅要从自己/他本人,而且还从图像中的其他人那里探索视觉提示。我们基于自我注意力来构建身体的显着性图,以挖掘交叉人物的信息线索,并学习所有身体零件之间的整体关系。我们评估了广泛使用的基准曲线和V-Coco的建议方法。从我们的新角度来看,整体的全部本地人体互动互动学习可以对最先进的发展取得重大改进。我们的代码可从https://github.com/enlighten0707/body-part-map-for-interactimence获得。
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