The security of artificial intelligence (AI) is an important research area towards safe, reliable, and trustworthy AI systems. To accelerate the research on AI security, the Artificial Intelligence Security Competition (AISC) was organized by the Zhongguancun Laboratory, China Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Tsinghua University, and RealAI as part of the Zhongguancun International Frontier Technology Innovation Competition (https://www.zgc-aisc.com/en). The competition consists of three tracks, including Deepfake Security Competition, Autonomous Driving Security Competition, and Face Recognition Security Competition. This report will introduce the competition rules of these three tracks and the solutions of top-ranking teams in each track.
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To assess the vulnerability of deep learning in the physical world, recent works introduce adversarial patches and apply them on different tasks. In this paper, we propose another kind of adversarial patch: the Meaningful Adversarial Sticker, a physically feasible and stealthy attack method by using real stickers existing in our life. Unlike the previous adversarial patches by designing perturbations, our method manipulates the sticker's pasting position and rotation angle on the objects to perform physical attacks. Because the position and rotation angle are less affected by the printing loss and color distortion, adversarial stickers can keep good attacking performance in the physical world. Besides, to make adversarial stickers more practical in real scenes, we conduct attacks in the black-box setting with the limited information rather than the white-box setting with all the details of threat models. To effectively solve for the sticker's parameters, we design the Region based Heuristic Differential Evolution Algorithm, which utilizes the new-found regional aggregation of effective solutions and the adaptive adjustment strategy of the evaluation criteria. Our method is comprehensively verified in the face recognition and then extended to the image retrieval and traffic sign recognition. Extensive experiments show the proposed method is effective and efficient in complex physical conditions and has a good generalization for different tasks.
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在过去的十年中,深度学习急剧改变了传统的手工艺特征方式,具有强大的功能学习能力,从而极大地改善了传统任务。然而,最近已经证明了深层神经网络容易受到对抗性例子的影响,这种恶意样本由小型设计的噪音制作,误导了DNNs做出错误的决定,同时仍然对人类无法察觉。对抗性示例可以分为数字对抗攻击和物理对抗攻击。数字对抗攻击主要是在实验室环境中进行的,重点是改善对抗性攻击算法的性能。相比之下,物理对抗性攻击集中于攻击物理世界部署的DNN系统,这是由于复杂的物理环境(即亮度,遮挡等),这是一项更具挑战性的任务。尽管数字对抗和物理对抗性示例之间的差异很小,但物理对抗示例具有特定的设计,可以克服复杂的物理环境的效果。在本文中,我们回顾了基于DNN的计算机视觉任务任务中的物理对抗攻击的开发,包括图像识别任务,对象检测任务和语义细分。为了完整的算法演化,我们将简要介绍不涉及身体对抗性攻击的作品。我们首先提出一个分类方案,以总结当前的物理对抗攻击。然后讨论现有的物理对抗攻击的优势和缺点,并专注于用于维持对抗性的技术,当应用于物理环境中时。最后,我们指出要解决的当前身体对抗攻击的问题并提供有前途的研究方向。
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Although Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved impressive results in computer vision, their exposed vulnerability to adversarial attacks remains a serious concern. A series of works has shown that by adding elaborate perturbations to images, DNNs could have catastrophic degradation in performance metrics. And this phenomenon does not only exist in the digital space but also in the physical space. Therefore, estimating the security of these DNNs-based systems is critical for safely deploying them in the real world, especially for security-critical applications, e.g., autonomous cars, video surveillance, and medical diagnosis. In this paper, we focus on physical adversarial attacks and provide a comprehensive survey of over 150 existing papers. We first clarify the concept of the physical adversarial attack and analyze its characteristics. Then, we define the adversarial medium, essential to perform attacks in the physical world. Next, we present the physical adversarial attack methods in task order: classification, detection, and re-identification, and introduce their performance in solving the trilemma: effectiveness, stealthiness, and robustness. In the end, we discuss the current challenges and potential future directions.
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Adversarial patch is an important form of real-world adversarial attack that brings serious risks to the robustness of deep neural networks. Previous methods generate adversarial patches by either optimizing their perturbation values while fixing the pasting position or manipulating the position while fixing the patch's content. This reveals that the positions and perturbations are both important to the adversarial attack. For that, in this paper, we propose a novel method to simultaneously optimize the position and perturbation for an adversarial patch, and thus obtain a high attack success rate in the black-box setting. Technically, we regard the patch's position, the pre-designed hyper-parameters to determine the patch's perturbations as the variables, and utilize the reinforcement learning framework to simultaneously solve for the optimal solution based on the rewards obtained from the target model with a small number of queries. Extensive experiments are conducted on the Face Recognition (FR) task, and results on four representative FR models show that our method can significantly improve the attack success rate and query efficiency. Besides, experiments on the commercial FR service and physical environments confirm its practical application value. We also extend our method to the traffic sign recognition task to verify its generalization ability.
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Recent years witnessed the breakthrough of face recognition with deep convolutional neural networks. Dozens of papers in the field of FR are published every year. Some of them were applied in the industrial community and played an important role in human life such as device unlock, mobile payment, and so on. This paper provides an introduction to face recognition, including its history, pipeline, algorithms based on conventional manually designed features or deep learning, mainstream training, evaluation datasets, and related applications. We have analyzed and compared state-of-the-art works as many as possible, and also carefully designed a set of experiments to find the effect of backbone size and data distribution. This survey is a material of the tutorial named The Practical Face Recognition Technology in the Industrial World in the FG2023.
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基于深度学习的面部识别(FR)模型在过去几年中表现出最先进的性能,即使在佩戴防护医疗面罩时,面膜在Covid-19大流行期间变得普遍。鉴于这些模型的出色表现,机器学习研究界已经表明对挑战其稳健性越来越令人兴趣。最初,研究人员在数字域中呈现了对抗性攻击,后来将攻击转移到物理领域。然而,在许多情况下,物理领域的攻击是显眼的,例如,需要在脸上放置贴纸,因此可能会在真实环境中引起怀疑(例如,机场)。在本文中,我们提出了对伪装在面部面罩的最先进的FR模型的身体对抗性掩模,以仔细制作的图案的形式施加在面部面具上。在我们的实验中,我们检查了我们的对抗掩码对广泛的FR模型架构和数据集的可转移性。此外,我们通过在织物医疗面罩上印刷对抗性模式来验证了我们的对抗性面膜效果,使FR系统仅识别穿面膜的3.34%的参与者(相比最低83.34%其他评估的面具)。
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光保护综合技术的快速进展达到了真实和操纵图像之间的边界开始模糊的临界点。最近,一个由Mega-Scale Deep Face Forgery DataSet,由290万个图像组成和221,247个视频的伪造网络已被释放。它是迄今为止的数据规模,操纵(7个图像级别方法,8个视频级别方法),扰动(36个独立和更混合的扰动)和注释(630万个分类标签,290万操纵区域注释和221,247个时间伪造段标签)。本文报告了Forgerynet-Face Forgery Analysis挑战2021的方法和结果,它采用了伪造的基准。模型评估在私人测试集上执行离线。共有186名参加比赛的参与者,11名队伍提交了有效的提交。我们将分析排名排名的解决方案,并展示一些关于未来工作方向的讨论。
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与令人印象深刻的进步触动了我们社会的各个方面,基于深度神经网络(DNN)的AI技术正在带来越来越多的安全问题。虽然在考试时间运行的攻击垄断了研究人员的初始关注,但是通过干扰培训过程来利用破坏DNN模型的可能性,代表了破坏训练过程的可能性,这是破坏AI技术的可靠性的进一步严重威胁。在后门攻击中,攻击者损坏了培训数据,以便在测试时间诱导错误的行为。然而,测试时间误差仅在存在与正确制作的输入样本对应的触发事件的情况下被激活。通过这种方式,损坏的网络继续正常输入的预期工作,并且只有当攻击者决定激活网络内隐藏的后门时,才会发生恶意行为。在过去几年中,后门攻击一直是强烈的研究活动的主题,重点是新的攻击阶段的发展,以及可能对策的提议。此概述文件的目标是审查发表的作品,直到现在,分类到目前为止提出的不同类型的攻击和防御。指导分析的分类基于攻击者对培训过程的控制量,以及防御者验证用于培训的数据的完整性,并监控DNN在培训和测试中的操作时间。因此,拟议的分析特别适合于参考他们在运营的应用方案的攻击和防御的强度和弱点。
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人群计数已被广泛用于估计安全至关重要的场景中的人数,被证明很容易受到物理世界中对抗性例子的影响(例如,对抗性斑块)。尽管有害,但对抗性例子也很有价值,对于评估和更好地理解模型的鲁棒性也很有价值。但是,现有的对抗人群计算的对抗性示例生成方法在不同的黑盒模型之间缺乏强大的可传递性,这限制了它们对现实世界系统的实用性。本文提出了与模型不变特征正相关的事实,本文提出了感知的对抗贴片(PAP)生成框架,以使用模型共享的感知功能来定制对对抗性的扰动。具体来说,我们将一种自适应人群密度加权方法手工制作,以捕获各种模型中不变的量表感知特征,并利用密度引导的注意力来捕获模型共享的位置感知。证明它们都可以提高我们对抗斑块的攻击性转移性。广泛的实验表明,我们的PAP可以在数字世界和物理世界中实现最先进的进攻性能,并且以大幅度的优于以前的提案(最多+685.7 MAE和+699.5 MSE)。此外,我们从经验上证明,对我们的PAP进行的对抗训练可以使香草模型的性能受益,以减轻人群计数的几个实际挑战,包括跨数据集的概括(高达-376.0 MAE和-376.0 MAE和-354.9 MSE)和对复杂背景的鲁棒性(上升)至-10.3 MAE和-16.4 MSE)。
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最近,面部生物识别是对传统认证系统的方便替代的巨大关注。因此,检测恶意尝试已经发现具有重要意义,导致面部抗欺骗〜(FAS),即面部呈现攻击检测。与手工制作的功能相反,深度特色学习和技术已经承诺急剧增加FAS系统的准确性,解决了实现这种系统的真实应用的关键挑战。因此,处理更广泛的发展以及准确的模型的新研究区越来越多地引起了研究界和行业的关注。在本文中,我们为自2017年以来对与基于深度特征的FAS方法相关的文献综合调查。在这一主题上阐明,基于各种特征和学习方法的语义分类。此外,我们以时间顺序排列,其进化进展和评估标准(数据集内集和数据集互联集合中集)覆盖了FAS的主要公共数据集。最后,我们讨论了开放的研究挑战和未来方向。
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面部演示攻击检测(PAD)由于欺骗欺骗性被广泛认可的脆弱性而受到越来越长。在2011年,2013年,2017年,2019年,2020年和2021年与主要生物识别和计算机视觉会议结合的八个国际竞赛中,在八个国际竞赛中评估了一系列国际竞争中的八种国际竞争中的艺术状态。研究界。在本章中,我们介绍了2019年的五个最新竞赛的设计和结果直到2021年。前两项挑战旨在评估近红外(NIR)和深度方式的多模态设置中面板的有效性。彩色相机数据,而最新的三个竞争专注于评估在传统彩色图像和视频上运行的面部垫算法的域和攻击型泛化能力。我们还讨论了从竞争中吸取的经验教训以及领域的未来挑战。
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近年来,由于深度神经网络的发展,面部识别取得了很大的进步,但最近发现深神经网络容易受到对抗性例子的影响。这意味着基于深神经网络的面部识别模型或系统也容易受到对抗例子的影响。但是,现有的攻击面部识别模型或具有对抗性示例的系统可以有效地完成白色盒子攻击,而不是黑盒模仿攻击,物理攻击或方便的攻击,尤其是在商业面部识别系统上。在本文中,我们提出了一种攻击面部识别模型或称为RSTAM的系统的新方法,该方法可以使用由移动和紧凑型打印机打印的对抗性面膜进行有效的黑盒模仿攻击。首先,RSTAM通过我们提出的随机相似性转换策略来增强对抗性面罩的可传递性。此外,我们提出了一种随机的元优化策略,以结合几种预训练的面部模型来产生更一般的对抗性掩模。最后,我们在Celeba-HQ,LFW,化妆转移(MT)和CASIA-FACEV5数据集上进行实验。还对攻击的性能进行了最新的商业面部识别系统的评估:Face ++,Baidu,Aliyun,Tencent和Microsoft。广泛的实验表明,RSTAM可以有效地对面部识别模型或系统进行黑盒模仿攻击。
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深度神经网络容易受到来自对抗性投入的攻击,并且最近,特洛伊木马误解或劫持模型的决定。我们通过探索有界抗逆性示例空间和生成的对抗网络内的自然输入空间来揭示有界面的对抗性实例 - 通用自然主义侵害贴片的兴趣类 - 我们呼叫TNT。现在,一个对手可以用一个自然主义的补丁来手臂自己,不太恶意,身体上可实现,高效 - 实现高攻击成功率和普遍性。 TNT是普遍的,因为在场景中的TNT中捕获的任何输入图像都将:i)误导网络(未确定的攻击);或ii)迫使网络进行恶意决定(有针对性的攻击)。现在,有趣的是,一个对抗性补丁攻击者有可能发挥更大的控制水平 - 选择一个独立,自然的贴片的能力,与被限制为嘈杂的扰动的触发器 - 到目前为止只有可能与特洛伊木马攻击方法有可能干扰模型建设过程,以嵌入风险发现的后门;但是,仍然意识到在物理世界中部署的补丁。通过对大型视觉分类任务的广泛实验,想象成在其整个验证集50,000张图像中进行评估,我们展示了TNT的现实威胁和攻击的稳健性。我们展示了攻击的概括,以创建比现有最先进的方法实现更高攻击成功率的补丁。我们的结果表明,攻击对不同的视觉分类任务(CIFAR-10,GTSRB,PUBFIG)和多个最先进的深神经网络,如WieredEnet50,Inception-V3和VGG-16。
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机器学习模型通常会遇到与训练分布不同的样本。无法识别分布(OOD)样本,因此将该样本分配给课堂标签会显着损害模​​型的可靠性。由于其对在开放世界中的安全部署模型的重要性,该问题引起了重大关注。由于对所有可能的未知分布进行建模的棘手性,检测OOD样品是具有挑战性的。迄今为止,一些研究领域解决了检测陌生样本的问题,包括异常检测,新颖性检测,一级学习,开放式识别识别和分布外检测。尽管有相似和共同的概念,但分别分布,开放式检测和异常检测已被独立研究。因此,这些研究途径尚未交叉授粉,创造了研究障碍。尽管某些调查打算概述这些方法,但它们似乎仅关注特定领域,而无需检查不同领域之间的关系。这项调查旨在在确定其共同点的同时,对各个领域的众多著名作品进行跨域和全面的审查。研究人员可以从不同领域的研究进展概述中受益,并协同发展未来的方法。此外,据我们所知,虽然进行异常检测或单级学习进行了调查,但没有关于分布外检测的全面或最新的调查,我们的调查可广泛涵盖。最后,有了统一的跨域视角,我们讨论并阐明了未来的研究线,打算将这些领域更加紧密地融为一体。
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深面识别(FR)在几个具有挑战性的数据集上取得了很高的准确性,并促进了成功的现实世界应用程序,甚至表现出对照明变化的高度鲁棒性,通常被认为是对FR系统的主要威胁。但是,在现实世界中,有限的面部数据集无法完全涵盖由不同的照明条件引起的照明变化。在本文中,我们从新角度(即对抗性攻击)研究对FR的照明的威胁,并确定一项新任务,即对对抗性的重视。鉴于面部图像,对抗性的重新获得旨在在欺骗最先进的深FR方法的同时产生自然重新的对应物。为此,我们首先提出了基于物理模型的对抗重新攻击(ARA),称为反照率基于反击的对抗性重新攻击(AQ-ARA)。它在物理照明模型和FR系统的指导下生成了自然的对抗光,并合成了对抗性重新重新确认的面部图像。此外,我们通过训练对抗性重新确定网络(ARNET)提出自动预测性的对抗重新攻击(AP-ARA),以根据不同的输入面自动以一步的方式自动预测对抗光,从而允许对效率敏感的应用。更重要的是,我们建议将上述数字攻击通过精确的重新确定设备将上述数字攻击转移到物理ARA(PHY-AARA)上,从而使估计的对抗照明条件在现实世界中可再现。我们在两个公共数据集上验证了三种最先进的深FR方法(即面部,街道和符号)的方法。广泛而有见地的结果表明,我们的工作可以产生逼真的对抗性重新贴心的面部图像,轻松地欺骗了fr,从而揭示了特定的光方向和优势的威胁。
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The 1$^{\text{st}}$ Workshop on Maritime Computer Vision (MaCVi) 2023 focused on maritime computer vision for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV), and organized several subchallenges in this domain: (i) UAV-based Maritime Object Detection, (ii) UAV-based Maritime Object Tracking, (iii) USV-based Maritime Obstacle Segmentation and (iv) USV-based Maritime Obstacle Detection. The subchallenges were based on the SeaDronesSee and MODS benchmarks. This report summarizes the main findings of the individual subchallenges and introduces a new benchmark, called SeaDronesSee Object Detection v2, which extends the previous benchmark by including more classes and footage. We provide statistical and qualitative analyses, and assess trends in the best-performing methodologies of over 130 submissions. The methods are summarized in the appendix. The datasets, evaluation code and the leaderboard are publicly available at https://seadronessee.cs.uni-tuebingen.de/macvi.
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Video classification systems are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which can create severe security problems in video verification. Current black-box attacks need a large number of queries to succeed, resulting in high computational overhead in the process of attack. On the other hand, attacks with restricted perturbations are ineffective against defenses such as denoising or adversarial training. In this paper, we focus on unrestricted perturbations and propose StyleFool, a black-box video adversarial attack via style transfer to fool the video classification system. StyleFool first utilizes color theme proximity to select the best style image, which helps avoid unnatural details in the stylized videos. Meanwhile, the target class confidence is additionally considered in targeted attacks to influence the output distribution of the classifier by moving the stylized video closer to or even across the decision boundary. A gradient-free method is then employed to further optimize the adversarial perturbations. We carry out extensive experiments to evaluate StyleFool on two standard datasets, UCF-101 and HMDB-51. The experimental results demonstrate that StyleFool outperforms the state-of-the-art adversarial attacks in terms of both the number of queries and the robustness against existing defenses. Moreover, 50% of the stylized videos in untargeted attacks do not need any query since they can already fool the video classification model. Furthermore, we evaluate the indistinguishability through a user study to show that the adversarial samples of StyleFool look imperceptible to human eyes, despite unrestricted perturbations.
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深度神经网络在人类分析中已经普遍存在,增强了应用的性能,例如生物识别识别,动作识别以及人重新识别。但是,此类网络的性能通过可用的培训数据缩放。在人类分析中,对大规模数据集的需求构成了严重的挑战,因为数据收集乏味,廉价,昂贵,并且必须遵守数据保护法。当前的研究研究了\ textit {合成数据}的生成,作为在现场收集真实数据的有效且具有隐私性的替代方案。这项调查介绍了基本定义和方法,在生成和采用合成数据进行人类分析时必不可少。我们进行了一项调查,总结了当前的最新方法以及使用合成数据的主要好处。我们还提供了公开可用的合成数据集和生成模型的概述。最后,我们讨论了该领域的局限性以及开放研究问题。这项调查旨在为人类分析领域的研究人员和从业人员提供。
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深度学习大大提高了单眼深度估计(MDE)的性能,这是完全基于视觉的自主驾驶(AD)系统(例如特斯拉和丰田)的关键组成部分。在这项工作中,我们对基于学习的MDE产生了攻击。特别是,我们使用基于优化的方法系统地生成隐形的物理对象贴片来攻击深度估计。我们通过面向对象的对抗设计,敏感的区域定位和自然风格的伪装来平衡攻击的隐身和有效性。使用现实世界的驾驶场景,我们评估了对并发MDE模型的攻击和AD的代表下游任务(即3D对象检测)。实验结果表明,我们的方法可以为不同的目标对象和模型生成隐形,有效和健壮的对抗贴片,并在物体检测中以1/1/的斑点检测到超过6米的平均深度估计误差和93%的攻击成功率(ASR)车辆后部9个。具有实际车辆的三个不同驾驶路线上的现场测试表明,在连续视频帧中,我们导致超过6米的平均深度估计误差,并将对象检测率从90.70%降低到5.16%。
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