传入/传出车辆的记录是根本原因分析的关键信息，以打击各种敏感组织中的安全违规事件。 RFID标记会阻碍物流和技术方面的车辆跟踪解决方案的可扩展性。例如，要求标记为RFID的每个传入车辆（部门或私人）是严重的限制，并且与RFID一起检测异常车辆运动的视频分析是不平凡的。我们利用公开可用的计算机视觉算法实现，使用有限状态机形式主义开发可解释的车辆跟踪算法。国家机器将用于状态转换的级联对象检测和光学特征识别（OCR）模型中的输入。我们从系统部署站点中评估了75个285辆车的视频片段中提出的方法。我们观察到检测率受速度和车辆类型的影响最大。当车辆运动仅限于在检查点类似于RFID标记的检查点时，将达到最高的检测率。我们进一步分析了700个对Live DATA的车辆跟踪预测，并确定大多数车辆数量预测误差是由于无法辨认的文本，图像布鲁尔，文本遮挡，文本遮挡和vecab外字母引起的。为了进行系统部署和性能增强，我们希望我们正在进行的系统监控能够提供证据，以在安全检查点上建立更高的车辆通知SOP，并将已部署的计算机视觉模型和状态模型的微调驱动为建立拟议的方法作为RFID标记的有希望的替代方法。

我们通过策略提取（MSVIPER）提出了多种可验证的增强学习，这是一种策略蒸馏到决策树以改进机器人导航的新方法。 MSVIPER使用任何强化学习（RL）技术来学习一项“专家”政策，涉及学习国家行动映射，然后使用模仿学习来从中学习决策树策略。我们证明，MSVIPER会导致有效的决策树，并可以准确模仿专家政策的行为。此外，我们提出了有效的政策蒸馏和树修改技术，这些技术利用决策树结构，可以改进政策而无需再培训。我们使用我们的方法来改善用于室内和室外场景的基于RL的机器人导航算法的性能。我们证明了在减少冻结和振荡行为（减少95 \％降低）方面的好处。

在联合学习（FL）中，通过跨设备的模型更新进行合作学习全球模型的目的倾向于通过本地信息反对个性化的目标。在这项工作中，我们通过基于多准则优化的框架以定量的方式校准了这一权衡，我们将其作为一个受约束的程序进行了：设备的目标是其本地目标，它试图最大程度地减少在满足非线性约束的同时，以使其满足非线性约束，这些目标是其本地目标。量化本地模型和全局模型之间的接近度。通过考虑该问题的拉格朗日放松，我们开发了一种算法，该算法允许每个节点通过查询到一阶梯度Oracle将其Lagrangian的本地组件最小化。然后，服务器执行Lagrange乘法器上升步骤，然后进行Lagrange乘法器加权步骤。我们称这种实例化的原始偶对方法是联合学习超出共识（$ \ texttt {fedBc} $）的实例。从理论上讲，我们确定$ \ texttt {fedBc} $以与最算好状态相匹配的速率收敛到一阶固定点，直到额外的错误项，取决于由于接近性约束而产生的公差参数。总体而言，该分析是针对非凸鞍点问题的原始偶对偶的方法的新颖表征。最后，我们证明了$ \ texttt {fedBc} $平衡了整个数据集（合成，MNIST，CIFAR-10，莎士比亚）的全球和本地模型测试精度指标，从而与艺术现状达到了竞争性能。

声学和视觉感测可以在人操纵时支持容器重量和其内容量的非接触式估计。但是，Opaquent和透明度（包括容器和内容的透明度）以及材料，形状和尺寸的可变性都会使这个问题具有挑战性。在本文中，我们向基准方法提出了一个开放框架，用于估计容器的容量，以及其内容的类型，质量和量。该框架包括数据集，明确定义的任务和性能测量，基线和最先进的方法，以及对这些方法的深入比较分析。使用单独的音频或音频和视觉数据的组合使用具有音频的神经网络的深度学习，用于分类内容的类型和数量，无论是独立的还是共同。具有视觉数据的回归和几何方法是优选的，以确定容器的容量。结果表明，使用仅使用Audio作为输入模块的方法对内容类型和级别进行分类，可分别获得加权平均F1-得分高达81％和97％。估计仅具有视觉视觉的近似接近和填充质量的容器容量，具有视听，多级算法达到65％的加权平均容量和质量分数。

The recent increase in public and academic interest in preserving biodiversity has led to the growth of the field of conservation technology. This field involves designing and constructing tools that utilize technology to aid in the conservation of wildlife. In this article, we will use case studies to demonstrate the importance of designing conservation tools with human-wildlife interaction in mind and provide a framework for creating successful tools. These case studies include a range of complexities, from simple cat collars to machine learning and game theory methodologies. Our goal is to introduce and inform current and future researchers in the field of conservation technology and provide references for educating the next generation of conservation technologists. Conservation technology not only has the potential to benefit biodiversity but also has broader impacts on fields such as sustainability and environmental protection. By using innovative technologies to address conservation challenges, we can find more effective and efficient solutions to protect and preserve our planet's resources.

Supervised Question Answering systems (QA systems) rely on domain-specific human-labeled data for training. Unsupervised QA systems generate their own question-answer training pairs, typically using secondary knowledge sources to achieve this outcome. Our approach (called PIE-QG) uses Open Information Extraction (OpenIE) to generate synthetic training questions from paraphrased passages and uses the question-answer pairs as training data for a language model for a state-of-the-art QA system based on BERT. Triples in the form of <subject, predicate, object> are extracted from each passage, and questions are formed with subjects (or objects) and predicates while objects (or subjects) are considered as answers. Experimenting on five extractive QA datasets demonstrates that our technique achieves on-par performance with existing state-of-the-art QA systems with the benefit of being trained on an order of magnitude fewer documents and without any recourse to external reference data sources.

We present the interpretable meta neural ordinary differential equation (iMODE) method to rapidly learn generalizable (i.e., not parameter-specific) dynamics from trajectories of multiple dynamical systems that vary in their physical parameters. The iMODE method learns meta-knowledge, the functional variations of the force field of dynamical system instances without knowing the physical parameters, by adopting a bi-level optimization framework: an outer level capturing the common force field form among studied dynamical system instances and an inner level adapting to individual system instances. A priori physical knowledge can be conveniently embedded in the neural network architecture as inductive bias, such as conservative force field and Euclidean symmetry. With the learned meta-knowledge, iMODE can model an unseen system within seconds, and inversely reveal knowledge on the physical parameters of a system, or as a Neural Gauge to "measure" the physical parameters of an unseen system with observed trajectories. We test the validity of the iMODE method on bistable, double pendulum, Van der Pol, Slinky, and reaction-diffusion systems.

While the brain connectivity network can inform the understanding and diagnosis of developmental dyslexia, its cause-effect relationships have not yet enough been examined. Employing electroencephalography signals and band-limited white noise stimulus at 4.8 Hz (prosodic-syllabic frequency), we measure the phase Granger causalities among channels to identify differences between dyslexic learners and controls, thereby proposing a method to calculate directional connectivity. As causal relationships run in both directions, we explore three scenarios, namely channels' activity as sources, as sinks, and in total. Our proposed method can be used for both classification and exploratory analysis. In all scenarios, we find confirmation of the established right-lateralized Theta sampling network anomaly, in line with the temporal sampling framework's assumption of oscillatory differences in the Theta and Gamma bands. Further, we show that this anomaly primarily occurs in the causal relationships of channels acting as sinks, where it is significantly more pronounced than when only total activity is observed. In the sink scenario, our classifier obtains 0.84 and 0.88 accuracy and 0.87 and 0.93 AUC for the Theta and Gamma bands, respectively.

Variational autoencoders model high-dimensional data by positing low-dimensional latent variables that are mapped through a flexible distribution parametrized by a neural network. Unfortunately, variational autoencoders often suffer from posterior collapse: the posterior of the latent variables is equal to its prior, rendering the variational autoencoder useless as a means to produce meaningful representations. Existing approaches to posterior collapse often attribute it to the use of neural networks or optimization issues due to variational approximation. In this paper, we consider posterior collapse as a problem of latent variable non-identifiability. We prove that the posterior collapses if and only if the latent variables are non-identifiable in the generative model. This fact implies that posterior collapse is not a phenomenon specific to the use of flexible distributions or approximate inference. Rather, it can occur in classical probabilistic models even with exact inference, which we also demonstrate. Based on these results, we propose a class of latent-identifiable variational autoencoders, deep generative models which enforce identifiability without sacrificing flexibility. This model class resolves the problem of latent variable non-identifiability by leveraging bijective Brenier maps and parameterizing them with input convex neural networks, without special variational inference objectives or optimization tricks. Across synthetic and real datasets, latent-identifiable variational autoencoders outperform existing methods in mitigating posterior collapse and providing meaningful representations of the data.

There are multiple scales of abstraction from which we can describe the same image, depending on whether we are focusing on fine-grained details or a more global attribute of the image. In brain mapping, learning to automatically parse images to build representations of both small-scale features (e.g., the presence of cells or blood vessels) and global properties of an image (e.g., which brain region the image comes from) is a crucial and open challenge. However, most existing datasets and benchmarks for neuroanatomy consider only a single downstream task at a time. To bridge this gap, we introduce a new dataset, annotations, and multiple downstream tasks that provide diverse ways to readout information about brain structure and architecture from the same image. Our multi-task neuroimaging benchmark (MTNeuro) is built on volumetric, micrometer-resolution X-ray microtomography images spanning a large thalamocortical section of mouse brain, encompassing multiple cortical and subcortical regions. We generated a number of different prediction challenges and evaluated several supervised and self-supervised models for brain-region prediction and pixel-level semantic segmentation of microstructures. Our experiments not only highlight the rich heterogeneity of this dataset, but also provide insights into how self-supervised approaches can be used to learn representations that capture multiple attributes of a single image and perform well on a variety of downstream tasks. Datasets, code, and pre-trained baseline models are provided at: https://mtneuro.github.io/ .