无监督的深度学习最近证明了生产高质量样本的希望。尽管它具有促进图像着色任务的巨大潜力,但由于数据歧管和模型能力的高维度,性能受到限制。这项研究提出了一种新的方案,该方案利用小波域中的基于得分的生成模型来解决这些问题。通过利用通过小波变换来利用多尺度和多渠道表示,该模型可以共同有效地从堆叠的粗糙小波系数组件中了解较富裕的先验。该策略还降低了原始歧管的维度,并减轻了维度的诅咒,这对估计和采样有益。此外,设计了小波域中的双重一致性项,即数据一致性和结构一致性,以更好地利用着色任务。具体而言,在训练阶段,一组由小波系数组成的多通道张量被用作训练网络以denoising得分匹配的输入。在推论阶段,样品是通过具有数据和结构一致性的退火Langevin动力学迭代生成的。实验证明了所提出的方法在发电和着色质量方面的显着改善,尤其是在着色鲁棒性和多样性方面。
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With the development of convolutional neural networks, hundreds of deep learning based dehazing methods have been proposed. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on supervised, semi-supervised, and unsupervised single image dehazing. We first discuss the physical model, datasets, network modules, loss functions, and evaluation metrics that are commonly used. Then, the main contributions of various dehazing algorithms are categorized and summarized. Further, quantitative and qualitative experiments of various baseline methods are carried out. Finally, the unsolved issues and challenges that can inspire the future research are pointed out. A collection of useful dehazing materials is available at \url{https://github.com/Xiaofeng-life/AwesomeDehazing}.
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图像超分辨率(SR)是重要的图像处理方法之一,可改善计算机视野领域的图像分辨率。在过去的二十年中,在超级分辨率领域取得了重大进展,尤其是通过使用深度学习方法。这项调查是为了在深度学习的角度进行详细的调查,对单像超分辨率的最新进展进行详细的调查,同时还将告知图像超分辨率的初始经典方法。该调查将图像SR方法分类为四个类别,即经典方法,基于学习的方法,无监督学习的方法和特定领域的SR方法。我们还介绍了SR的问题,以提供有关图像质量指标,可用参考数据集和SR挑战的直觉。使用参考数据集评估基于深度学习的方法。一些审查的最先进的图像SR方法包括增强的深SR网络(EDSR),周期循环gan(Cincgan),多尺度残留网络(MSRN),Meta残留密度网络(META-RDN) ,反复反射网络(RBPN),二阶注意网络(SAN),SR反馈网络(SRFBN)和基于小波的残留注意网络(WRAN)。最后,这项调查以研究人员将解决SR的未来方向和趋势和开放问题的未来方向和趋势。
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随着深度学习(DL)的出现,超分辨率(SR)也已成为一个蓬勃发展的研究领域。然而,尽管结果有希望,但该领域仍然面临需要进一步研究的挑战,例如,允许灵活地采样,更有效的损失功能和更好的评估指标。我们根据最近的进步来回顾SR的域,并检查最新模型,例如扩散(DDPM)和基于变压器的SR模型。我们对SR中使用的当代策略进行了批判性讨论,并确定了有前途但未开发的研究方向。我们通过纳入该领域的最新发展,例如不确定性驱动的损失,小波网络,神经体系结构搜索,新颖的归一化方法和最新评估技术来补充先前的调查。我们还为整章中的模型和方法提供了几种可视化,以促进对该领域趋势的全球理解。最终,这篇综述旨在帮助研究人员推动DL应用于SR的界限。
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面部超分辨率(FSR),也称为面部幻觉,其旨在增强低分辨率(LR)面部图像以产生高分辨率(HR)面部图像的分辨率,是特定于域的图像超分辨率问题。最近,FSR获得了相当大的关注,并目睹了深度学习技术的发展炫目。迄今为止,有很少有基于深入学习的FSR的研究摘要。在本次调查中,我们以系统的方式对基于深度学习的FSR方法进行了全面审查。首先,我们总结了FSR的问题制定,并引入了流行的评估度量和损失功能。其次,我们详细说明了FSR中使用的面部特征和流行数据集。第三,我们根据面部特征的利用大致分类了现有方法。在每个类别中,我们从设计原则的一般描述开始,然后概述代表方法,然后讨论其中的利弊。第四,我们评估了一些最先进的方法的表现。第五,联合FSR和其他任务以及与FSR相关的申请大致介绍。最后,我们设想了这一领域进一步的技术进步的前景。在\ URL {https://github.com/junjun-jiang/face-hallucination-benchmark}上有一个策划的文件和资源的策划文件和资源清单
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One of the main challenges in deep learning-based underwater image enhancement is the limited availability of high-quality training data. Underwater images are difficult to capture and are often of poor quality due to the distortion and loss of colour and contrast in water. This makes it difficult to train supervised deep learning models on large and diverse datasets, which can limit the model's performance. In this paper, we explore an alternative approach to supervised underwater image enhancement. Specifically, we propose a novel unsupervised underwater image enhancement framework that employs a conditional variational autoencoder (cVAE) to train a deep learning model with probabilistic adaptive instance normalization (PAdaIN) and statistically guided multi-colour space stretch that produces realistic underwater images. The resulting framework is composed of a U-Net as a feature extractor and a PAdaIN to encode the uncertainty, which we call UDnet. To improve the visual quality of the images generated by UDnet, we use a statistically guided multi-colour space stretch module that ensures visual consistency with the input image and provides an alternative to training using a ground truth image. The proposed model does not need manual human annotation and can learn with a limited amount of data and achieves state-of-the-art results on underwater images. We evaluated our proposed framework on eight publicly-available datasets. The results show that our proposed framework yields competitive performance compared to other state-of-the-art approaches in quantitative as well as qualitative metrics. Code available at https://github.com/alzayats/UDnet .
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Face Restoration (FR) aims to restore High-Quality (HQ) faces from Low-Quality (LQ) input images, which is a domain-specific image restoration problem in the low-level computer vision area. The early face restoration methods mainly use statistic priors and degradation models, which are difficult to meet the requirements of real-world applications in practice. In recent years, face restoration has witnessed great progress after stepping into the deep learning era. However, there are few works to study deep learning-based face restoration methods systematically. Thus, this paper comprehensively surveys recent advances in deep learning techniques for face restoration. Specifically, we first summarize different problem formulations and analyze the characteristic of the face image. Second, we discuss the challenges of face restoration. Concerning these challenges, we present a comprehensive review of existing FR methods, including prior based methods and deep learning-based methods. Then, we explore developed techniques in the task of FR covering network architectures, loss functions, and benchmark datasets. We also conduct a systematic benchmark evaluation on representative methods. Finally, we discuss future directions, including network designs, metrics, benchmark datasets, applications,etc. We also provide an open-source repository for all the discussed methods, which is available at https://github.com/TaoWangzj/Awesome-Face-Restoration.
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Dynamic magnetic resonance image reconstruction from incomplete k-space data has generated great research interest due to its capability to reduce scan time. Never-theless, the reconstruction problem is still challenging due to its ill-posed nature. Recently, diffusion models espe-cially score-based generative models have exhibited great potential in algorithm robustness and usage flexi-bility. Moreover, the unified framework through the variance exploding stochastic differential equation (VE-SDE) is proposed to enable new sampling methods and further extend the capabilities of score-based gener-ative models. Therefore, by taking advantage of the uni-fied framework, we proposed a k-space and image Du-al-Domain collaborative Universal Generative Model (DD-UGM) which combines the score-based prior with low-rank regularization penalty to reconstruct highly under-sampled measurements. More precisely, we extract prior components from both image and k-space domains via a universal generative model and adaptively handle these prior components for faster processing while maintaining good generation quality. Experimental comparisons demonstrated the noise reduction and detail preservation abilities of the proposed method. Much more than that, DD-UGM can reconstruct data of differ-ent frames by only training a single frame image, which reflects the flexibility of the proposed model.
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近年来,基于深度学习的平行成像(PI)取得了巨大进展,以加速磁共振成像(MRI)。然而,现有方法的性能和鲁棒性仍然可以是不受欢迎的。在这项工作中,我们建议通过柔性PI重建,创建的重量K-Space Genera-Tive模型(WKGM)来探索K空间域学习。具体而言,WKGM是一种通用的K空间域模型,在其中有效地纳入了K空间加权技术和高维空间增强设计,用于基于得分的Genererative模型训练,从而实现良好和强大的重建。此外,WKGM具有灵活性,因此可以与各种传统的K空间PI模型协同结合,从而产生基于学习的先验以产生高保真重建。在具有不同采样模式和交流电因子的数据集上进行实验性重新构建表明,WKGM可以通过先验良好的K-Space生成剂获得最新的重建结果。
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移动设备上的低光成像通常是由于不足的孔径穿过相对较小的孔径而挑战,导致信噪比较低。以前的大多数关于低光图像处理的作品仅关注单个任务,例如照明调整,颜色增强或删除噪声;或在密切依赖于从特定的摄像机模型中收集的长时间曝光图像对的关节照明调整和降解任务上,因此,这些方法在需要摄像机特定的关节增强和恢复的现实环境中不太实用且可推广。为了解决这个问题,在本文中,我们提出了一个低光图像处理框架,该框架可以执行关节照明调整,增强色彩和降解性。考虑到模型特异性数据收集的难度和捕获图像的超高定义,我们设计了两个分支:系数估计分支以及关节增强和denoising分支。系数估计分支在低分辨率空间中起作用,并预测通过双边学习增强的系数,而关节增强和去核分支在全分辨率空间中工作,并逐步执行关节增强和脱氧。与现有方法相反,我们的框架在适应另一个摄像机模型时不需要回忆大量数据,这大大减少了微调我们用于实际使用方法所需的努力。通过广泛的实验,与当前的最新方法相比,我们在现实世界中的低光成像应用中证明了它的巨大潜力。
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我们提出了一种增强的多尺度网络,被称为GriddehazeNet +,用于单图像脱水。所提出的去吸收方法不依赖于大气散射模型(ASM),并提供为什么不一定执行该模型提供的尺寸减少的原因。 Griddehazenet +由三个模块组成:预处理,骨干和后处理。与手工选定的预处理方法产生的那些导出的输入相比,可训练的预处理模块可以生成具有更好分集和更相关的功能的学习输入。骨干模块实现了两种主要增强功能的多尺度估计:1)一种新颖的网格结构,有效地通过不同尺度的密集连接来减轻瓶颈问题; 2)一种空间通道注意力块,可以通过巩固脱水相关特征来促进自适应融合。后处理模块有助于减少最终输出中的伪像。由于域移位,在合成数据上培训的模型可能在真实数据上概括。为了解决这个问题,我们塑造了合成数据的分布以匹配真实数据的分布,并使用所产生的翻译数据来到Finetune我们的网络。我们还提出了一种新的任务内部知识转移机制,可以记住和利用综合域知识,以协助学习过程对翻译数据。实验结果表明,所提出的方法优于几种合成脱色数据集的最先进,并在FineTuning之后实现了现实世界朦胧图像的优越性。
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基于深度学习的彩色图像隐写术是彩色图像中隐藏信息的艺术。其中,近年来,图像隐藏的隐藏隐身(躲藏图像)近年来引起了很多关注,因为它的书签容量很大。然而,由图像隐藏的隐藏术产生的图像可以显示一些明显的颜色失真或人为纹理迹线。我们提出了一种基于频率子带选择的彩色图像隐写模型,以解决上述问题。首先,我们讨论了不同颜色空间/频率子带的特征与所生成的图像质量之间的关系。然后,我们选择RGB图像的B沟道作为嵌入信道和高频子频带作为嵌入域。 DWT(离散小波变换)将B信道信息和秘密灰度图像变换为频域信息,然后嵌入秘密图像并在频域中提取。综合实验表明,我们的模型产生的图像具有更好的图像质量,并且难以察觉率显着增加。
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基于分数的扩散模型为使用数据分布的梯度建模图像提供了一种强大的方法。利用学到的分数函数为先验,在这里,我们引入了一种从条件分布中进行测量的方法,以便可以轻松地用于求解成像中的反问题,尤其是用于加速MRI。简而言之,我们通过denoising得分匹配来训练连续的时间依赖分数函数。然后,在推论阶段,我们在数值SDE求解器和数据一致性投影步骤之间进行迭代以实现重建。我们的模型仅需要用于训练的幅度图像,但能够重建复杂值数据,甚至扩展到并行成像。所提出的方法是不可知论到子采样模式,可以与任何采样方案一起使用。同样,由于其生成性质,我们的方法可以量化不确定性,这是标准回归设置不可能的。最重要的是,我们的方法还具有非常强大的性能,甚至击败了经过全面监督训练的模型。通过广泛的实验,我们在质量和实用性方面验证了我们方法的优势。
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Although recent deep learning methods, especially generative models, have shown good performance in fast magnetic resonance imaging, there is still much room for improvement in high-dimensional generation. Considering that internal dimensions in score-based generative models have a critical impact on estimating the gradient of the data distribution, we present a new idea, low-rank tensor assisted k-space generative model (LR-KGM), for parallel imaging reconstruction. This means that we transform original prior information into high-dimensional prior information for learning. More specifically, the multi-channel data is constructed into a large Hankel matrix and the matrix is subsequently folded into tensor for prior learning. In the testing phase, the low-rank rotation strategy is utilized to impose low-rank constraints on tensor output of the generative network. Furthermore, we alternately use traditional generative iterations and low-rank high-dimensional tensor iterations for reconstruction. Experimental comparisons with the state-of-the-arts demonstrated that the proposed LR-KGM method achieved better performance.
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Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based image super-resolution (SR) has exhibited impressive success on known degraded low-resolution (LR) images. However, this type of approach is hard to hold its performance in practical scenarios when the degradation process is unknown. Despite existing blind SR methods proposed to solve this problem using blur kernel estimation, the perceptual quality and reconstruction accuracy are still unsatisfactory. In this paper, we analyze the degradation of a high-resolution (HR) image from image intrinsic components according to a degradation-based formulation model. We propose a components decomposition and co-optimization network (CDCN) for blind SR. Firstly, CDCN decomposes the input LR image into structure and detail components in feature space. Then, the mutual collaboration block (MCB) is presented to exploit the relationship between both two components. In this way, the detail component can provide informative features to enrich the structural context and the structure component can carry structural context for better detail revealing via a mutual complementary manner. After that, we present a degradation-driven learning strategy to jointly supervise the HR image detail and structure restoration process. Finally, a multi-scale fusion module followed by an upsampling layer is designed to fuse the structure and detail features and perform SR reconstruction. Empowered by such degradation-based components decomposition, collaboration, and mutual optimization, we can bridge the correlation between component learning and degradation modelling for blind SR, thereby producing SR results with more accurate textures. Extensive experiments on both synthetic SR datasets and real-world images show that the proposed method achieves the state-of-the-art performance compared to existing methods.
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在恶劣天气下的图像修复是一项艰巨的任务。过去的大多数作品都集中在消除图像中的雨水和阴霾现象。但是,雪也是一种极为普遍的大气现象,它将严重影响高级计算机视觉任务的性能,例如对象检测和语义分割。最近,已经提出了一些用于降雪的方法,大多数方法直接将雪图像作为优化对象。但是,雪地点和形状的分布很复杂。因此,未能有效地检测雪花 /雪连胜将影响降雪并限制模型性能。为了解决这些问题,我们提出了一个雪地掩模的自适应残留网络(SMGARN)。具体而言,SMGARN由三个部分组成,即Mask-Net,Guidance-Fusion Network(GF-NET)和重建-NET。首先,我们构建了一个以自像素的注意(SA)和跨像素的注意(CA),以捕获雪花的特征并准确地定位了雪的位置,从而预测了准确的雪山。其次,预测的雪面被发送到专门设计的GF-NET中,以适应指导模型去除雪。最后,使用有效的重建网络来消除面纱效果并纠正图像以重建最终的无雪图像。广泛的实验表明,我们的SMGARN数值优于所有现有的降雪方法,并且重建的图像在视觉对比度上更清晰。所有代码都将可用。
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Images with haze of different varieties often pose a significant challenge to dehazing. Therefore, guidance by estimates of haze parameters related to the variety would be beneficial and their progressive update jointly with haze reduction will allow effective dehazing. To this end, we propose a multi-network dehazing framework containing novel interdependent dehazing and haze parameter updater networks that operate in a progressive manner. The haze parameters, transmission map and atmospheric light, are first estimated using specific convolutional networks allowing color-cast handling. The estimated parameters are then used to guide our dehazing module, where the estimates are progressively updated by novel convolutional networks. The updating takes place jointly with progressive dehazing by a convolutional network that invokes inter-step dependencies. The joint progressive updating and dehazing gradually modify the haze parameter estimates toward achieving effective dehazing. Through different studies, our dehazing framework is shown to be more effective than image-to-image mapping or predefined haze formation model based dehazing. Our dehazing framework is qualitatively and quantitatively found to outperform the state-of-the-art on synthetic and real-world hazy images of several datasets with varied haze conditions.
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扩散模型(DMS)显示出高质量图像合成的巨大潜力。但是,当涉及到具有复杂场景的图像时,如何正确描述图像全局结构和对象细节仍然是一项具有挑战性的任务。在本文中,我们提出了弗里多(Frido),这是一种特征金字塔扩散模型,该模型执行了图像合成的多尺度粗到1个降解过程。我们的模型将输入图像分解为依赖比例的矢量量化特征,然后是用于产生图像输出的粗到细门。在上述多尺度表示阶段,可以进一步利用文本,场景图或图像布局等其他输入条件。因此,还可以将弗里多应用于条件或跨模式图像合成。我们对各种无条件和有条件的图像生成任务进行了广泛的实验,从文本到图像综合,布局到图像,场景环形图像到标签形象。更具体地说,我们在五个基准测试中获得了最先进的FID分数,即可可和开阔图像的布局到图像,可可和视觉基因组的场景环形图像以及可可的标签对图像图像。 。代码可在https://github.com/davidhalladay/frido上找到。
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减少磁共振(MR)图像采集时间可能会使MR检查更容易获得。包括深度学习模型在内的先前艺术已致力于解决长期MRI成像时间的问题。最近,深层生成模型在算法鲁棒性和使用灵活性方面具有巨大的潜力。然而,无法直接学习或使用任何现有方案。此外,还值得研究的是,深层生成模型如何在混合域上很好地工作。在这项工作中,通过利用基于深度能量的模型,我们提出了一个K空间和图像域协作生成模型,以全面估算从采样量未采样的测量中的MR数据。与最先进的实验比较表明,所提出的混合方法的重建精度较小,在不同的加速因子下更稳定。
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在弱照明条件下捕获的图像可能会严重降低图像质量。求解一系列低光图像的降解可以有效地提高图像的视觉质量和高级视觉任务的性能。在本研究中,提出了一种新的基于RETINEX的实际网络(R2RNET),用于低光图像增强,其包括三个子网:DECOM-NET,DENOISE-NET和RELIGHT-NET。这三个子网分别用于分解,去噪,对比增强和细节保存。我们的R2RNET不仅使用图像的空间信息来提高对比度,还使用频率信息来保留细节。因此,我们的模型对所有退化的图像进行了更强大的结果。与在合成图像上培训的最先前的方法不同,我们收集了第一个大型现实世界配对的低/普通灯图像数据集(LSRW数据集),以满足培训要求,使我们的模型具有更好的现实世界中的泛化性能场景。对公共数据集的广泛实验表明,我们的方法在定量和视觉上以现有的最先进方法优于现有的现有方法。此外,我们的结果表明,通过使用我们在低光条件下的方法获得的增强的结果,可以有效地改善高级视觉任务(即面部检测)的性能。我们的代码和LSRW数据集可用于:https://github.com/abcdef2000/r2rnet。
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