由于与传统的基于RGB的跟踪相比,多模式跟踪的能力在复杂的情况下更准确和健壮,因此获得了关注。它的关键在于如何融合多模式数据并减少模式之间的差距。但是,多模式跟踪仍然严重遭受数据缺乏症的影响,从而导致融合模块的学习不足。我们没有在本文中构建这样的融合模块,而是通过将重要性附加到多模式的视觉提示中,为多模式跟踪提供了新的视角。我们设计了一种新型的多模式及时跟踪器(Protrack),可以通过及时范式将多模式输入传递到单个模态。通过最好地利用预先训练的RGB跟踪器在大规模学习的跟踪能力,我们的突起即使没有对多模式数据进行任何额外的培训,我们的突起也可以通过更改输入来实现高性能多模式跟踪。 5个基准数据集的广泛实验证明了所提出的突起的有效性。
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With the development of depth sensors in recent years, RGBD object tracking has received significant attention. Compared with the traditional RGB object tracking, the addition of the depth modality can effectively solve the target and background interference. However, some existing RGBD trackers use the two modalities separately and thus some particularly useful shared information between them is ignored. On the other hand, some methods attempt to fuse the two modalities by treating them equally, resulting in the missing of modality-specific features. To tackle these limitations, we propose a novel Dual-fused Modality-aware Tracker (termed DMTracker) which aims to learn informative and discriminative representations of the target objects for robust RGBD tracking. The first fusion module focuses on extracting the shared information between modalities based on cross-modal attention. The second aims at integrating the RGB-specific and depth-specific information to enhance the fused features. By fusing both the modality-shared and modality-specific information in a modality-aware scheme, our DMTracker can learn discriminative representations in complex tracking scenes. Experiments show that our proposed tracker achieves very promising results on challenging RGBD benchmarks. Code is available at \url{https://github.com/ShangGaoG/DMTracker}.
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与可见的摄像机不同的是逐帧记录强度图像的可见摄像机,生物学启发的事件摄像头会产生一系列的异步和稀疏事件,并且延迟较低。在实践中,可见的摄像机可以更好地感知纹理细节和慢动作,而事件摄像机可以没有运动模糊并具有更大的动态范围,从而使它们能够在快速运动和低照明下良好地工作。因此,两个传感器可以相互合作以实现更可靠的对象跟踪。在这项工作中,我们提出了一个大规模可见事件基准(称为Visevent),因为缺乏针对此任务的现实和缩放数据集。我们的数据集由在低照明,高速和背景混乱场景下捕获的820个视频对组成,并将其分为训练和测试子集,每个培训和测试子集分别包含500和320个视频。基于Visevent,我们通过将当前的单模式跟踪器扩展到双模式版本,将事件流转换为事件图像,并构建30多种基线方法。更重要的是,我们通过提出跨模式变压器来进一步构建一种简单但有效的跟踪算法,以在可见光和事件数据之间实现更有效的功能融合。对拟议的Visevent数据集(FE108)和两个模拟数据集(即OTB-DVS和fot-DVS)进行了广泛的实验,验证了我们模型的有效性。数据集和源代码已在我们的项目页面上发布:\ url {https://sites.google.com/view/viseventtrack/}。
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Large-scale multi-modal training with image-text pairs imparts strong generalization to CLIP model. Since training on a similar scale for videos is infeasible, recent approaches focus on the effective transfer of image-based CLIP to the video domain. In this pursuit, new parametric modules are added to learn temporal information and inter-frame relationships which require meticulous design efforts. Furthermore, when the resulting models are learned on videos, they tend to overfit on the given task distribution and lack in generalization aspect. This begs the following question: How to effectively transfer image-level CLIP representations to videos? In this work, we show that a simple Video Fine-tuned CLIP (ViFi-CLIP) baseline is generally sufficient to bridge the domain gap from images to videos. Our qualitative analysis illustrates that the frame-level processing from CLIP image-encoder followed by feature pooling and similarity matching with corresponding text embeddings helps in implicitly modeling the temporal cues within ViFi-CLIP. Such fine-tuning helps the model to focus on scene dynamics, moving objects and inter-object relationships. For low-data regimes where full fine-tuning is not viable, we propose a `bridge and prompt' approach that first uses fine-tuning to bridge the domain gap and then learns prompts on language and vision side to adapt CLIP representations. We extensively evaluate this simple yet strong baseline on zero-shot, base-to-novel generalization, few-shot and fully supervised settings across five video benchmarks. Our code is available at https://github.com/muzairkhattak/ViFi-CLIP.
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在许多可视化系统中,视觉跟踪通常基于RGB图像序列,其中一些目标在低光条件下无效,因此追踪性能显着影响。介绍深度和红外数据等其他模态是处理单个来源的成像限制的有效方法,但多模态成像平台通常需要详细设计,并且目前不能应用于许多现实世界应用。近红外(NIR)成像成为许多监视摄像机的重要组成部分,其成像基于光强度在RGB和NIR之间切换。这两种方式具有异质性,视觉特性非常不同,因此为视觉跟踪带来了大量挑战。但是,现有的作品没有研究过这个具有挑战性的问题。在这项工作中,我们解决了跨模型对象跟踪问题并贡献新的视频数据集,包括总共具有超过481K帧的654个跨模型图像序列,并且平均视频长度超过735帧。为促进跨模型对象跟踪的研究和开发,我们提出了一种新的算法,它学习模态感知目标表示,以减轻跟踪过程中RGB和NIR模式之间的外观差距。它是即插即用,因此可以灵活地嵌入到不同的跟踪框架中。对数据集进行广泛的实验,我们展示了两个代表性跟踪框架中提出的算法的有效性,其针对17个最先进的跟踪方法。我们将发布数据集进行免费学术用法,数据集下载链接和代码即将发布。
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RGBT跟踪在计算机视觉社区中获得了兴趣激增,但该研究领域缺乏大型和高度多样性的基准数据集,这对于深度RGBT跟踪器的培训以及RGBT跟踪方法的综合评价至关重要。为此,我们在这项工作中为RGBT跟踪(Lasher)提出了大规模的高多样性基准。 Lasher由1224个可见和热红外视频配对组成,总共超过730K框架对。每个帧对在空间上对齐并用边界框手动注释,使数据集良好并密度注释。 Lasher从广泛的物品类别,相机观点,场景复杂性和环境因素,季节,天气,日夜的环境因素高度多样化。我们对Lasher DataSet的12 RGBT跟踪算法进行了全面的绩效评估,并对RGBT跟踪澄清研究室进行了详细分析。此外,我们释放了解放的Lasher版本,以吸引对对齐的RGBT跟踪的研究兴趣,这是现​​实世界应用中更实用的任务。数据集和评估协议可用于:https://github.com/bugpleaseout/lasher。
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Vision-Language Pre-Training (VLP) has shown promising capabilities to align image and text pairs, facilitating a broad variety of cross-modal learning tasks. However, we observe that VLP models often lack the visual grounding/localization capability which is critical for many downstream tasks such as visual reasoning. In this work, we propose a novel Position-guided Text Prompt (PTP) paradigm to enhance the visual grounding ability of cross-modal models trained with VLP. Specifically, in the VLP phase, PTP divides the image into $N\times N$ blocks, and identifies the objects in each block through the widely used object detector in VLP. It then reformulates the visual grounding task into a fill-in-the-blank problem given a PTP by encouraging the model to predict the objects in the given blocks or regress the blocks of a given object, e.g. filling `P" or ``O" in aPTP ``The block P has a O". This mechanism improves the visual grounding capability of VLP models and thus helps them better handle various downstream tasks. By introducing PTP into several state-of-the-art VLP frameworks, we observe consistently significant improvements across representative cross-modal learning model architectures and several benchmarks, e.g. zero-shot Flickr30K Retrieval (+4.8 in average recall@1) for ViLT \cite{vilt} baseline, and COCO Captioning (+5.3 in CIDEr) for SOTA BLIP \cite{blip} baseline. Moreover, PTP achieves comparable results with object-detector based methods, and much faster inference speed since PTP discards its object detector for inference while the later cannot. Our code and pre-trained weight will be released at \url{https://github.com/sail-sg/ptp}.
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随着大型预训练的Vison语言模型(如剪辑)的出现,可以通过及时调整来调整可转让表示形式。及时调整试图从存储在预训练的视觉模型的图像和文本编码器中的常识中探索有益信息,以探索下游任务。最近提出的名为“上下文优化”(COP)的方法将一组可学习的向量从语言侧引入文本提示符,而单独调整文本提示符则不会影响图像编码器的计算视觉特征,从而导致了次级优势。在本文中,我们通过学习文本提示并同时为文本和图像编码器提供双重模式提示调整范式。此外,为了使视觉提示更多地集中在目标视觉概念上,我们提出了类感知的视觉及时调整(CAVPT),该调整是通过在模板提示和视觉类别令牌嵌入的语言描述之间进行交叉注意来动态生成的。我们的方法提供了一种新的范式来调整大型预训练的视觉模型,并在8个数据集上进行了广泛的实验结果,证明了该方法的有效性。我们的代码在补充材料中可用。
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Although existing multi-object tracking (MOT) algorithms have obtained competitive performance on various benchmarks, almost all of them train and validate models on the same domain. The domain generalization problem of MOT is hardly studied. To bridge this gap, we first draw the observation that the high-level information contained in natural language is domain invariant to different tracking domains. Based on this observation, we propose to introduce natural language representation into visual MOT models for boosting the domain generalization ability. However, it is infeasible to label every tracking target with a textual description. To tackle this problem, we design two modules, namely visual context prompting (VCP) and visual-language mixing (VLM). Specifically, VCP generates visual prompts based on the input frames. VLM joints the information in the generated visual prompts and the textual prompts from a pre-defined Trackbook to obtain instance-level pseudo textual description, which is domain invariant to different tracking scenes. Through training models on MOT17 and validating them on MOT20, we observe that the pseudo textual descriptions generated by our proposed modules improve the generalization performance of query-based trackers by large margins.
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在过去的几年中,训练前模型的出现将单峰领域(例如计算机视觉(CV)和自然语言处理(NLP))带到了一个新时代。实质性的作品表明它们对下游大学任务有益,并避免从头开始训练新的模型。那么,此类预训练的模型可以应用于多模式任务吗?研究人员探索了这个问题并取得了重大进展。本文调查了视觉预训练(VLP)的最新进展和新的前沿,包括图像文本和视频文本预训练。为了使读者更好地掌握VLP,我们首先从五个方面回顾了其最新进展:功能提取,模型体系结构,培训预训练目标,预训练数据集和下游任务。然后,我们详细概述了特定的VLP模型。最后,我们讨论了VLP中的新边界。据我们所知,这是对VLP的首次调查。我们希望这项调查能够阐明VLP领域的未来研究。
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动物的生物智能系统通过将信息与各种任务同时整合在不同的方式和处理中的信息。相比之下,当前的机器学习研究遵循一个特定于任务的范例,导致任务与开发新任务的感知模型的高度边际成本之间的负面合作。在本文中,我们展示了一个名为Uni-Perceiver的通用感知体系结构,其处理各种模型和任务,具有统一的建模和共享参数。具体而言,UNI-Perceiver将从任意模态的不同的任务输入和目标进行编码为具有模态 - 不可变换器编码器和轻量级模式特定标记的统一表示空间。不同的感知任务被建模为相同的配方,即通过其表示的相似性找到每个输入的最大可能性目标。该模型在多个单模和多模态任务上预先培训,并在各种下游任务上进行评估,包括在预训练阶段中未出现的新任务。结果表明,我们没有任何调整的预先训练的模型即使在新的任务上也可以实现合理的性能。通过在下游任务数据的1%上进行提示调整,可以将性能提高到接近最先进的方法的水平。全数据微调进一步提供结果与最先进的结果相提并论。代码应释放。
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Few-shot (FS) and zero-shot (ZS) learning are two different approaches for scaling temporal action detection (TAD) to new classes. The former adapts a pretrained vision model to a new task represented by as few as a single video per class, whilst the latter requires no training examples by exploiting a semantic description of the new class. In this work, we introduce a new multi-modality few-shot (MMFS) TAD problem, which can be considered as a marriage of FS-TAD and ZS-TAD by leveraging few-shot support videos and new class names jointly. To tackle this problem, we further introduce a novel MUlti-modality PromPt mETa-learning (MUPPET) method. This is enabled by efficiently bridging pretrained vision and language models whilst maximally reusing already learned capacity. Concretely, we construct multi-modal prompts by mapping support videos into the textual token space of a vision-language model using a meta-learned adapter-equipped visual semantics tokenizer. To tackle large intra-class variation, we further design a query feature regulation scheme. Extensive experiments on ActivityNetv1.3 and THUMOS14 demonstrate that our MUPPET outperforms state-of-the-art alternative methods, often by a large margin. We also show that our MUPPET can be easily extended to tackle the few-shot object detection problem and again achieves the state-of-the-art performance on MS-COCO dataset. The code will be available in https://github.com/sauradip/MUPPET
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自动视觉解对我们多样化和开放的世界需要计算机视觉模型,以概括为特定任务的最小定制,类似于人类视力。计算机视觉基础型号培训,培训多样化,大型数据集,可以适应各种下游任务,对该任务来解决现实世界计算机视觉应用而言至关重要。虽然现有的视觉基础模型如剪辑,对齐和吴道2.0主要集中在映射图像和文本表示到跨模型共享表示,我们介绍了一台新的计算机视觉基础模型,佛罗伦萨,扩大粗糙的表示(现场)到精细(对象),从静态(图像)到动态(视频),以及从RGB到多个模态(标题,深度)。通过从Web级图像文本数据中纳入通用视觉语言表示,我们的佛罗伦萨模型可以很容易地适应各种计算机视觉任务,例如分类,检索,对象检测,VQA,图像标题,视频检索和动作识别。此外,佛罗伦萨在许多类型的转移学习中表现出出色的表现:全面采样的微调,线性探测,几次射击传输和用于新颖图像和物体的零拍摄传输。所有这些属性对于我们的视觉基础模型至关重要,以提供通用视觉任务。佛罗伦萨实现了新的最先进的导致44个代表性基准,例如Imagenet-1K零射击分类,最高1精度为83.74,最高5个精度为97.18,62.4地图上的Coco微调, 80.36在VQA上,动力学-600上的87.8。
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本文介绍了Omnivl,这是一种新的基础模型,旨在使用一种通用体系结构来支持图像语言和视频语言任务。它为图像和视频输入采用了统一的基于变压器的视觉编码器,因此可以执行联合图像语言和视频语言预处理。我们首次证明了这样的范式受益于图像和视频任务,而不是传统的单向传输(例如,使用图像语言来帮助视频语言)。为此,我们提出了对图像语言和视频语言的脱钩关节预处理,以有效地将视觉模型分解为空间和时间维度,并在图像和视频任务上获得性能提升。此外,我们引入了一种新颖的统一视觉对比度(UNIVLC)损失,以利用图像文本,视频文本,图像标签(例如,图像分类),视频标签(例如,视频动作识别)在一起受到监督和吵闹的监督预处理数据都尽可能多地利用。无需额外的任务适配器,Omnivl可以同时支持仅视觉任务(例如,图像分类,视频操作识别),跨模式对齐任务(例如,图像/视频 - 文本检索)和多模式理解和生成任务(例如,图像/视频问答,字幕)。我们在各种下游任务上评估Omnivl,并以相似的模型大小和数据量表获得最新的或竞争结果。
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RGB-D对象跟踪最近引起了广泛的关注,这得益于视觉和深度通道之间的共生能力。但是,鉴于有限的注释RGB-D跟踪数据,大多数最先进的RGB-D跟踪器是高性能RGB的简单扩展程序,而无需完全利用深度通道中深度通道的潜在潜力离线训练阶段。为了解决数据集缺乏问题,本文发布了一个名为RGBD1K的新的RGB-D数据集。 RGBD1K包含1,050个序列,总计约250万帧。为了证明对较大的RGB-D数据集的培训的好处,尤其是RGBD1K,我们开发了一个基于变压器的RGB-D跟踪器,名为SPT,是使用新数据集的未来视觉对象跟踪研究的基线。使用SPT跟踪器进行的广泛实验的结果表明,RGBD1K数据集的潜力可以提高RGB-D跟踪的性能,从而激发了有效跟踪器设计的未来发展。数据集和代码将在项目主页上提供:https://will.be.available.at.at.this.website。
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Modern machine learning pipelines are limited due to data availability, storage quotas, privacy regulations, and expensive annotation processes. These constraints make it difficult or impossible to maintain a large-scale model trained on growing annotation sets. Continual learning directly approaches this problem, with the ultimate goal of devising methods where a neural network effectively learns relevant patterns for new (unseen) classes without significantly altering its performance on previously learned ones. In this paper, we address the problem of continual learning for video data. We introduce PIVOT, a novel method that leverages the extensive knowledge in pre-trained models from the image domain, thereby reducing the number of trainable parameters and the associated forgetting. Unlike previous methods, ours is the first approach that effectively uses prompting mechanisms for continual learning without any in-domain pre-training. Our experiments show that PIVOT improves state-of-the-art methods by a significant 27% on the 20-task ActivityNet setup.
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移动对象检测(MOD)是成功实现安全自动驾驶的关键视觉任务。尽管深度学习方法的结果合理,但大多数现有方法仅基于框架,并且在与动态的交通参与者打交道时可能无法达到合理的性能。传感器技术的最新进展,尤其是事件摄像头,可以自然地补充传统的摄像头方法,以更好地模型移动对象。但是,基于事件的作品通常会采用预定义的时间窗口进行事件表示,并简单地将其集成以估算事件的图像强度,从而忽略了可用异步事件的许多丰富时间信息。因此,从新的角度来看,我们提出了一种新型的RGB事件融合网络Renet,该网络共同利用这两种互补方式,以在挑战性的情况下实现更强大的MOD,以实现自主驾驶。具体而言,我们首先设计一个时间多尺度聚合模块,以完全利用RGB曝光时间和较大间隔的事件框架。然后,我们引入一个双向融合模块,以认真校准和融合多模式特征。为了评估网络的性能,我们仔细选择并从常用的DSEC数据集中选择一个子模型数据集。广泛的实验表明,我们提出的方法的性能明显优于最新的RGB事实融合替代方案。
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Astounding results from Transformer models on natural language tasks have intrigued the vision community to study their application to computer vision problems. Among their salient benefits, Transformers enable modeling long dependencies between input sequence elements and support parallel processing of sequence as compared to recurrent networks e.g., Long short-term memory (LSTM). Different from convolutional networks, Transformers require minimal inductive biases for their design and are naturally suited as set-functions. Furthermore, the straightforward design of Transformers allows processing multiple modalities (e.g., images, videos, text and speech) using similar processing blocks and demonstrates excellent scalability to very large capacity networks and huge datasets. These strengths have led to exciting progress on a number of vision tasks using Transformer networks. This survey aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the Transformer models in the computer vision discipline. We start with an introduction to fundamental concepts behind the success of Transformers i.e., self-attention, large-scale pre-training, and bidirectional feature encoding. We then cover extensive applications of transformers in vision including popular recognition tasks (e.g., image classification, object detection, action recognition, and segmentation), generative modeling, multi-modal tasks (e.g., visual-question answering, visual reasoning, and visual grounding), video processing (e.g., activity recognition, video forecasting), low-level vision (e.g., image super-resolution, image enhancement, and colorization) and 3D analysis (e.g., point cloud classification and segmentation). We compare the respective advantages and limitations of popular techniques both in terms of architectural design and their experimental value. Finally, we provide an analysis on open research directions and possible future works. We hope this effort will ignite further interest in the community to solve current challenges towards the application of transformer models in computer vision.
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多模式变压器表现出高容量和灵活性,可将图像和文本对齐以进行视觉接地。然而,由于自我发挥操作的二次时间复杂性,仅编码的接地框架(例如,transvg)遭受了沉重的计算。为了解决这个问题,我们通过将整个接地过程解散为编码和解码阶段,提出了一种新的多模式变压器体系结构,以动态MDETR形成。关键观察是,图像中存在很高的空间冗余。因此,我们通过在加快视觉接地过程之前利用这种稀疏性来设计一种新的动态多模式变压器解码器。具体而言,我们的动态解码器由2D自适应采样模块和文本引导的解码模块组成。采样模块旨在通过预测参考点的偏移来选择这些信息补丁,而解码模块则可以通过在图像功能和文本功能之间执行交叉注意来提取接地对象信息。这两个模块也被堆叠起来,以逐渐弥合模态间隙,并迭代地完善接地对象的参考点,最终实现了视觉接地的目的。对五个基准测试的广泛实验表明,我们提出的动态MDETR实现了计算和准确性之间的竞争权衡。值得注意的是,在解码器中仅使用9%的特征点,我们可以降低〜44%的多模式变压器的GLOP,但仍然比仅编码器的对应物更高的精度。此外,为了验证其概括能力并扩展我们的动态MDETR,我们构建了第一个单级剪辑授权的视觉接地框架,并在这些基准测试中实现最先进的性能。
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利用在大规模图像文本对中预先训练的视觉和语言模型(VLM)成为开放式视觉识别的有希望的范式。在这项工作中,我们通过利用视频中自然存在的运动和音频来扩展这种范式。我们提出\ textbf {mov},这是\ textbf {m} ult-imodal \ textbf {o} pen- \ textbf {v} ocabulary视频分类的简单而有效的方法。在MOV中,我们直接使用具有最小修改的预训练VLM的视觉编码器来编码视频,光流和音频频谱图。我们设计一种跨模式融合机制来汇总免费的多模式信息。 Kinetics-700和VGGSOUND的实验表明,引入流量或音频模态会带来预先训练的VLM和现有方法的大量性能增长。具体而言,MOV极大地提高了基础类别的准确性,而在新颖的课程上则更好地概括了。 MOV在UCF和HMDB零摄像视频分类基准上实现了最新结果,从而极大地超过了基于VLMS的传统零摄像方法和最新方法。代码和模型将发布。
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