We show that for a plane imaged by an endoscope the specular isophotes are concentric circles on the scene plane, which appear as nested ellipses in the image. We show that these ellipses can be detected and used to estimate the plane's normal direction, forming a normal reconstruction method, which we validate on simulated data. In practice, the anatomical surfaces visible in endoscopic images are locally planar. We use our method to show that the surface normal can thus be reconstructed for each of the numerous specularities typically visible on moist tissues. We show results on laparoscopic and colonoscopic images.
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当前的极化3D重建方法,包括具有偏振文献的良好形状的方法,均在正交投影假设下开发。但是,在较大的视野中,此假设不存在,并且可能导致对此假设的方法发生重大的重建错误。为了解决此问题,我们介绍适用于透视摄像机的透视相位角(PPA)模型。与拼字法模型相比,提出的PPA模型准确地描述了在透视投影下极化相位角与表面正常之间的关系。此外,PPA模型使得仅从一个单视相位映射估算表面正态,并且不遭受所谓的{\ pi} - ambiguity问题。实际数据上的实验表明,PPA模型对于具有透视摄像机的表面正常估计比拼字法模型更准确。
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Specularity prediction is essential to many computer vision applications, giving important visual cues usable in Augmented Reality (AR), Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM), 3D reconstruction and material modeling. However, it is a challenging task requiring numerous information from the scene including the camera pose, the geometry of the scene, the light sources and the material properties. Our previous work addressed this task by creating an explicit model using an ellipsoid whose projection fits the specularity image contours for a given camera pose. These ellipsoid-based approaches belong to a family of models called JOint-LIght MAterial Specularity (JOLIMAS), which we have gradually improved by removing assumptions on the scene geometry. However, our most recent approach is still limited to uniformly curved surfaces. This paper generalises JOLIMAS to any surface geometry while improving the quality of specularity prediction, without sacrificing computation performances. The proposed method establishes a link between surface curvature and specularity shape in order to lift the geometric assumptions made in previous work. Contrary to previous work, our new model is built from a physics-based local illumination model namely Torrance-Sparrow, providing an improved reconstruction. Specularity prediction using our new model is tested against the most recent JOLIMAS version on both synthetic and real sequences with objects of various general shapes. Our method outperforms previous approaches in specularity prediction, including the real-time setup, as shown in the supplementary videos.
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We propose a flexible new technique to easily calibrate a camera. It is well suited for use without specialized knowledge of 3D geometry or computer vision. The technique only requires the camera to observe a planar pattern shown at a few (at least two) different orientations. Either the camera or the planar pattern can be freely moved. The motion need not be known. Radial lens distortion is modeled. The proposed procedure consists of a closed-form solution, followed by a nonlinear refinement based on the maximum likelihood criterion. Both computer simulation and real data have been used to test the proposed technique, and very good results have been obtained. Compared with classical techniques which use expensive equipment such as two or three orthogonal planes, the proposed technique is easy to use and flexible. It advances 3D computer vision one step from laboratory environments to real world use.
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The vast majority of Shape-from-Polarization (SfP) methods work under the oversimplified assumption of using orthographic cameras. Indeed, it is still not well understood how to project the Stokes vectors when the incoming rays are not orthogonal to the image plane. We try to answer this question presenting a geometric model describing how a general projective camera captures the light polarization state. Based on the optical properties of a tilted polarizer, our model is implemented as a pre-processing operation acting on raw images, followed by a per-pixel rotation of the reconstructed normal field. In this way, all the existing SfP methods assuming orthographic cameras can behave like they were designed for projective ones. Moreover, our model is consistent with state-of-the-art forward and inverse renderers (like Mitsuba3 and ART), intrinsically enforces physical constraints among the captured channels, and handles demosaicing of DoFP sensors. Experiments on existing and new datasets demonstrate the accuracy of the model when applied to commercially available polarimetric cameras.
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A polarization camera has great potential for 3D reconstruction since the angle of polarization (AoP) and the degree of polarization (DoP) of reflected light are related to an object's surface normal. In this paper, we propose a novel 3D reconstruction method called Polarimetric Multi-View Inverse Rendering (Polarimetric MVIR) that effectively exploits geometric, photometric, and polarimetric cues extracted from input multi-view color-polarization images. We first estimate camera poses and an initial 3D model by geometric reconstruction with a standard structure-from-motion and multi-view stereo pipeline. We then refine the initial model by optimizing photometric rendering errors and polarimetric errors using multi-view RGB, AoP, and DoP images, where we propose a novel polarimetric cost function that enables an effective constraint on the estimated surface normal of each vertex, while considering four possible ambiguous azimuth angles revealed from the AoP measurement. The weight for the polarimetric cost is effectively determined based on the DoP measurement, which is regarded as the reliability of polarimetric information. Experimental results using both synthetic and real data demonstrate that our Polarimetric MVIR can reconstruct a detailed 3D shape without assuming a specific surface material and lighting condition.
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In this paper we present methods for triangulation of infinite cylinders from image line silhouettes. We show numerically that linear estimation of a general quadric surface is inherently a badly posed problem. Instead we propose to constrain the conic section to a circle, and give algebraic constraints on the dual conic, that models this manifold. Using these constraints we derive a fast minimal solver based on three image silhouette lines, that can be used to bootstrap robust estimation schemes such as RANSAC. We also present a constrained least squares solver that can incorporate all available image lines for accurate estimation. The algorithms are tested on both synthetic and real data, where they are shown to give accurate results, compared to previous methods.
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本文提出了一种新型电镀摄像机的校准算法,尤其是多焦距配置,其中使用了几种类型的微透镜,仅使用原始图像。电流校准方法依赖于简化投影模型,使用重建图像的功能,或者需要每种类型的微透镜进行分离的校准。在多聚焦配置中,根据微透镜焦距,场景的相同部分将展示不同量的模糊。通常,使用具有最小模糊量的微图像。为了利用所有可用的数据,我们建议在新推出的模糊的模糊(BAP)功能的帮助下,在新的相机模型中明确地模拟Defocus模糊。首先,它用于检索初始相机参数的预校准步骤,而第二步骤,以表达在我们的单个优化过程中最小化的新成本函数。第三,利用它来校准微图像之间的相对模糊。它将几何模糊,即模糊圈链接到物理模糊,即点传播函数。最后,我们使用产生的模糊概况来表征相机的景深。实际数据对受控环境的定量评估展示了我们校准的有效性。
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我们介绍了一种新的图像取证方法:将物理折射物(我们称为图腾)放入场景中,以保护该场景拍摄的任何照片。图腾弯曲并重定向光线,因此在单个图像中提供了多个(尽管扭曲)的多个(尽管扭曲)。防守者可以使用这些扭曲的图腾像素来检测是否已操纵图像。我们的方法通过估计场景中的位置并使用其已知的几何和材料特性来估算其位置,从而使光线通过图腾的光线不十障。为了验证图腾保护的图像,我们从图腾视点重建的场景与场景的外观从相机的角度来检测到不一致之处。这样的方法使对抗性操纵任务更加困难,因为对手必须以几何一致的方式对图腾和图像像素进行修改,而又不知道图腾的物理特性。与先前的基于学习的方法不同,我们的方法不需要在特定操作的数据集上进行培训,而是使用场景和相机的物理属性来解决取证问题。
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极化成像已应用于越来越多的机器人视觉应用中(例如,水下导航,眩光去除,脱落,对象分类和深度估计)。可以在市场RGB极化摄像机上找到可以在单个快照中捕获颜色和偏振状态的摄像头。由于传感器的特性分散和镜头的使用,至关重要的是校准这些类型的相机以获得正确的极化测量。到目前为止开发的校准方法要么不适合这种类型的相机,要么需要在严格的设置中进行复杂的设备和耗时的实验。在本文中,我们提出了一种新方法来克服对复杂的光学系统有效校准这些相机的需求。我们表明,所提出的校准方法具有多个优点,例如任何用户都可以使用统一的线性极化光源轻松校准相机,而无需任何先验地了解其偏振状态,并且收购数量有限。我们将公开提供校准代码。
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在本文中,我们使用从低成本消费者RGB-D传感器获取的RGB-D数据提出蘑菇检测,定位和3D姿势估计算法。我们使用RGB和深度信息进行不同的目的。从RGB颜色,我们首先提取蘑菇的初始轮廓位置,然后将初始轮廓位置和原始图像提供给蘑菇分割的活动轮廓。然后将这些分段蘑菇用作每个蘑菇检测的圆形Hough变换的输入,包括其中心和半径。一旦RGB图像中的每个蘑菇的中心位置都是已知的,我们就会使用深度信息在3D空间中定位它,即在世界坐标系中。在每个蘑菇的检测到的中心缺少深度信息的情况下,我们从每个蘑菇的半径内的最近可用深度信息估计。我们还使用预先准备的直立蘑菇模型来估计每个蘑菇的3D姿势。我们使用全球注册,然后是本地精炼登记方法进行此3D姿势估计。从估计的3D姿势,我们仅使用四元素表示的旋转部分作为每个蘑菇的方向。这些估计(X,Y,Z)位置,直径和蘑菇的方向用于机器人拣选应用。我们对3D印刷和真正的蘑菇进行了广泛的实验,表明我们的方法具有有趣的性能。
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在本文中,我们研究了重新参数光场的光谱特性。在先前对光场光谱(特别是提供采样指南)的研究之后,我们着重于光场的两个平面参数化。但是,我们通过允许图像平面倾斜并且不仅平行于图像平面来引入额外的灵活性。首先提出形式的理论分析,这表明更灵活的采样指南(即更宽的相机基线)可以在将图像平面方向适应场景几何形状时采样光场。然后,我们提出模拟和结果,以支持这些理论发现。尽管本文介绍的作品主要是理论上的,但我们认为这些新发现开放了令人兴奋的途径,用于更实际应用光场,例如视图合成或紧凑的表示。
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可靠地定量自然和人为气体释放(例如,从海底进入海洋的自然和人为气体释放(例如,Co $ _2 $,甲烷),最终是大气,是一个具有挑战性的任务。虽然船舶的回声探测器允许在水中检测水中的自由气,但是即使从较大的距离中,精确量化需要诸如未获得的升高速度和气泡尺寸分布的参数。光学方法的意义上是互补的,即它们可以提供从近距离的单个气泡或气泡流的高时和空间分辨率。在这一贡献中,我们介绍了一种完整的仪器和评估方法,用于光学气泡流特征。专用仪器采用高速深海立体声摄像机系统,可在部署在渗透网站以进行以后的自动分析时录制泡泡图像的Tbleabytes。对于几分钟的短序列可以获得泡特性,然后将仪器迁移到其他位置,或者以自主间隔模式迁移到几天内,以捕获由于电流和压力变化和潮汐循环引起的变化。除了报告泡沫特征的步骤旁边,我们仔细评估了可达准确性并提出了一种新颖的校准程序,因为由于缺乏点对应,仅使用气泡的剪影。该系统已成功运营,在太平洋高达1000万水深,以评估甲烷通量。除了样品结果外,我们还会报告在开发期间汲取的故障案例和经验教训。
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通常,非刚性登记的问题是匹配在两个不同点拍摄的动态对象的两个不同扫描。这些扫描可以进行刚性动作和非刚性变形。由于模型的新部分可能进入视图,而其他部件在两个扫描之间堵塞,则重叠区域是两个扫描的子集。在最常规的设置中,没有给出先前的模板形状,并且没有可用的标记或显式特征点对应关系。因此,这种情况是局部匹配问题,其考虑了随后的扫描在具有大量重叠区域的情况下进行的扫描经历的假设[28]。本文在环境中寻址的问题是同时在环境中映射变形对象和本地化摄像机。
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本文提出了一种接近光的光度立体声方法,该方法忠实地保留了3D重建中的尖锐深度边缘。与以前依靠有限分化来近似深度部分衍生物和表面正常的方法不同,我们在近光照度立体声中引入了一个分析上可区分的神经表面,以避免在尖锐的深度边缘下的分化误差,其中深度表示为表示深度的神经误差。图像坐标。通过进一步将兰伯特式反映物作为由表面正常和深度产生的因变量,我们的方法不准确地深度初始化。在合成场景和现实世界场景上进行的实验证明了我们方法在边缘保存中详细形状恢复的有效性。
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坐标测量机(CMM)一直是测量近50年或更长时间以上固体物体的准确性的基准。然而,随着3D扫描技术的出现,产生的点云的准确性和密度已接管。在这个项目中,我们不仅比较可在3D扫描软件中使用的不同算法,而且还比较了从相机和投影仪等现成组件中创建自己的3D扫描仪。我们的目标是:1。为3D扫描仪开发一个原型,以实现在对象的广泛类型上以最佳精度执行的系统。2.使用现成的组件最小化成本。3.到达非常接近CMM的准确性。
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We present a method for solving two minimal problems for relative camera pose estimation from three views, which are based on three view correspondences of i) three points and one line and the novel case of ii) three points and two lines through two of the points. These problems are too difficult to be efficiently solved by the state of the art Groebner basis methods. Our method is based on a new efficient homotopy continuation (HC) solver framework MINUS, which dramatically speeds up previous HC solving by specializing HC methods to generic cases of our problems. We characterize their number of solutions and show with simulated experiments that our solvers are numerically robust and stable under image noise, a key contribution given the borderline intractable degree of nonlinearity of trinocular constraints. We show in real experiments that i) SIFT feature location and orientation provide good enough point-and-line correspondences for three-view reconstruction and ii) that we can solve difficult cases with too few or too noisy tentative matches, where the state of the art structure from motion initialization fails.
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在本文中,我们研究了多视图几何中基本和基本矩阵估计的5-和7点问题的数值不太稳定性。在这两种情况下,我们表征了末极估计的条件号是无限的呈现不良世界场景。我们还以给定的图像数据表征不良实例。为了达到这些结果,我们提出了一般的框架,用于分析基于Riemannian歧管的多视图几何体中最小问题的调理。综合性和现实世界数据的实验然后揭示了一个引人注目的结论:在结构 - 从 - 动作(SFM)中的随机样本共识(RANSAC)不仅用于过滤输出异常值,而且RANSAC还选择用于良好的良好的图像数据,足够分离我们的理论预测的不良座位。我们的研究结果表明,在未来的工作中,人们可以试图通过仅测试良好的图像数据来加速和增加Ransac的成功。
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使用FASS-MVS,我们提出了一种具有表面感知半全局匹配的快速多视图立体声的方法,其允许从UAV捕获的单眼航空视频数据中快速深度和正常地图估计。反过来,由FASS-MVS估计的数据促进在线3D映射,这意味着在获取或接收到图像数据时立即和递增地生成场景的3D地图。 FASS-MVS由分层处理方案组成,其中深度和正常数据以及相应的置信度分数以粗略的方式估计,允许有效地处理由倾斜图像所固有的大型场景深度低无人机。实际深度估计采用用于致密多图像匹配的平面扫描算法,以产生深度假设,通过表面感知半全局优化来提取实际深度图,从而减少了SGM的正平行偏压。给定估计的深度图,然后通过将深度图映射到点云中并计算狭窄的本地邻域内的普通向量来计算像素 - 方面正常信息。在彻底的定量和消融研究中,我们表明,由FASS-MV计算的3D信息的精度接近离线多视图立体声的最先进方法,误差甚至没有一个幅度而不是科麦。然而,同时,FASS-MVS的平均运行时间估计单个深度和正常地图的距离小于ColMAP的14%,允许在1-中执行全高清图像的在线和增量处理2 Hz。
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我们提出了一种依赖工程点扩散功能(PSF)的紧凑型快照单眼估计技术。微观超分辨率成像中使用的传统方法,例如双螺旋PSF(DHPSF),不适合比稀疏的一组点光源更复杂的场景。我们使用cram \'er-rao下限(CRLB)显示,将DHPSF的两个叶分开,从而捕获两个单独的图像导致深度精度的急剧增加。用于生成DHPSF的相掩码的独特属性是,将相掩码分为两个半部分,导致两个裂片的空间分离。我们利用该属性建立一个基于紧凑的极化光学设置,在该设置中,我们将两个正交线性极化器放在DHPSF相位掩码的每一半上,然后使用极化敏感的摄像机捕获所得图像。模拟和实验室原型的结果表明,与包括DHPSF和Tetrapod PSF在内的最新设计相比,我们的技术达到了高达50美元的深度误差,而空间分辨率几乎没有损失。
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