神经场景表示,例如神经辐射场(NERF),基于训练多层感知器(MLP),使用一组具有已知姿势的彩色图像。现在,越来越多的设备产生RGB-D(颜色 +深度)信息,这对于各种任务非常重要。因此,本文的目的是通过将深度信息与颜色图像结合在一起,研究这些有希望的隐式表示可以进行哪些改进。特别是,最近建议的MIP-NERF方法使用圆锥形的圆丝而不是射线进行音量渲染,它使人们可以考虑具有距离距离摄像头中心距离的像素的不同区域。所提出的方法还模拟了深度不确定性。这允许解决基于NERF的方法的主要局限性,包括提高几何形状的准确性,减少伪像,更快的训练时间和缩短预测时间。实验是在众所周知的基准场景上进行的,并且比较在场景几何形状和光度重建中的准确性提高,同时将训练时间减少了3-5次。
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Learning a 3D representation of a scene has been a challenging problem for decades in computer vision. Recent advances in implicit neural representation from images using neural radiance fields(NeRF) have shown promising results. Some of the limitations of previous NeRF based methods include longer training time, and inaccurate underlying geometry. The proposed method takes advantage of RGB-D data to reduce training time by leveraging depth sensing to improve local sampling. This paper proposes a depth-guided local sampling strategy and a smaller neural network architecture to achieve faster training time without compromising quality.
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神经辐射字段(NERF)将场景编码为神经表示,使得能够实现新颖视图的照片逼真。然而,RGB图像的成功重建需要在静态条件下拍摄的大量输入视图 - 通常可以为房间尺寸场景的几百个图像。我们的方法旨在将整个房间的小说视图从数量级的图像中合成。为此,我们利用密集的深度前导者来限制NERF优化。首先,我们利用从用于估计相机姿势的运动(SFM)预处理步骤的结构自由提供的稀疏深度数据。其次,我们使用深度完成将这些稀疏点转换为密集的深度图和不确定性估计,用于指导NERF优化。我们的方法使数据有效的新颖观看综合在挑战室内场景中,使用少量为整个场景的18张图像。
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神经辐射场(NERF)的最新进展实现了最新的新型视图合成,并促进了场景特性的密集估计。但是,在非常稀疏的视图下捕获的大型无界场景通常会失败,而场景内容集中在远离相机的情况下,这是典型的现场机器人应用程序。特别是,NERF风格的算法的性能很差:(1)当视图不足而呈姿势多样性的情况不足时,(2)当场景包含饱和度和阴影时,以及(3)当对具有精细结构的大型无界场景进行精心采样时,计算中就会大量强度。本文提出了克隆器,它通过允许从稀疏输入传感器视图中观察到的大型户外驾驶场景来对NERF进行显着改善。这是通过将NERF框架内的占用和颜色学习分离成分别使用LIDAR和相机数据训练的单独的多层感知器(MLP)来实现的。此外,本文提出了一种新的方法,可以在NERF模型旁边构建可区分的3D占用网格图(OGM),并利用此占用网格来改进沿射线的点采样,以在度量空间中进行体积渲染。通过在Kitti数据集的场景上进行的广泛定量和定性实验,本文表明,在新的视图合成和密集的深度预测任务上对稀疏输入数据培训时,所提出的方法在新型视图合成和密集的深度预测任务上都优于最先进的NERF模型。
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最近,神经场景表征在视觉上为3D场景提供了令人印象深刻的结果,但是,他们的研究和进步主要仅限于计算机图形或计算机视觉中的虚拟模型的可视化,而无需明确考虑传感器和构成不确定性的情况。但是,在机器人技术应用程序中使用这种新颖的场景表示形式,需要考虑神经图中这种不确定性。因此,本文的目的是提出一种新的方法,用于使用不确定的培训数据训练{\ em概率的神经场景表示},这可以使这些表示形式纳入机器人技术应用中。使用相机或深度传感器获取图像包含固有的不确定性,此外,用于学习3D模型的相机姿势也不完美。如果这些测量值用于训练而无需考虑其不确定性,则结果模型是非最佳的,并且所得场景表示可能包含诸如Blur和Un-Cheven几何形状之类的伪影。在这项工作中,通过以概率方式专注于不确定信息的培训来研究与学习过程的不确定性整合问题。所提出的方法涉及以不确定性项的明确增加训练可能性,以使网络的学习概率分布相对于培训不确定性最小化。可以证明,除了更精确和一致的几何形状外,这还导致更准确的图像渲染质量。对合成数据集和真实数据集进行了验证,表明所提出的方法的表现优于最先进的方法。结果表明,即使训练数据受到限制,该提出的方法也能够呈现新颖的高质量视图。
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获取房间规模场景的高质量3D重建对于即将到来的AR或VR应用是至关重要的。这些范围从混合现实应用程序进行电话会议,虚拟测量,虚拟房间刨,到机器人应用。虽然使用神经辐射场(NERF)的基于卷的视图合成方法显示有希望再现对象或场景的外观,但它们不会重建实际表面。基于密度的表面的体积表示在使用行进立方体提取表面时导致伪影,因为在优化期间,密度沿着射线累积,并且不在单个样本点处于隔离点。我们建议使用隐式函数(截短的签名距离函数)来代表表面来代表表面。我们展示了如何在NERF框架中纳入此表示,并将其扩展为使用来自商品RGB-D传感器的深度测量,例如Kinect。此外,我们提出了一种姿势和相机细化技术,可提高整体重建质量。相反,与集成NERF的深度前瞻性的并发工作,其专注于新型视图合成,我们的方法能够重建高质量的韵律3D重建。
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使用神经领域的音量渲染在捕获和综合三维场景的新视图中表达了很大的希望。然而,这种类型的方法需要沿着每个观看光线在多个点处查询卷网络,以便呈现图像,从而导致非常慢的渲染时间。在本文中,我们提出了一种通过学习从相机光线到最有可能影响像素最终外观的光线的位置的直接映射来克服这种限制的方法。使用这种方法,我们能够渲染,培训和微调一个大量渲染的神经场模型,速度比标准方法快。与现有方法不同,我们的方法与一般卷一起工作,可以训练结束到底。
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We present a method that achieves state-of-the-art results for synthesizing novel views of complex scenes by optimizing an underlying continuous volumetric scene function using a sparse set of input views. Our algorithm represents a scene using a fully-connected (nonconvolutional) deep network, whose input is a single continuous 5D coordinate (spatial location (x, y, z) and viewing direction (θ, φ)) and whose output is the volume density and view-dependent emitted radiance at that spatial location. We synthesize views by querying 5D coordinates along camera rays and use classic volume rendering techniques to project the output colors and densities into an image. Because volume rendering is naturally differentiable, the only input required to optimize our representation is a set of images with known camera poses. We describe how to effectively optimize neural radiance fields to render photorealistic novel views of scenes with complicated geometry and appearance, and demonstrate results that outperform prior work on neural rendering and view synthesis. View synthesis results are best viewed as videos, so we urge readers to view our supplementary video for convincing comparisons.
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Neural Radiance Field (NeRF) has revolutionized free viewpoint rendering tasks and achieved impressive results. However, the efficiency and accuracy problems hinder its wide applications. To address these issues, we propose Geometry-Aware Generalized Neural Radiance Field (GARF) with a geometry-aware dynamic sampling (GADS) strategy to perform real-time novel view rendering and unsupervised depth estimation on unseen scenes without per-scene optimization. Distinct from most existing generalized NeRFs, our framework infers the unseen scenes on both pixel-scale and geometry-scale with only a few input images. More specifically, our method learns common attributes of novel-view synthesis by an encoder-decoder structure and a point-level learnable multi-view feature fusion module which helps avoid occlusion. To preserve scene characteristics in the generalized model, we introduce an unsupervised depth estimation module to derive the coarse geometry, narrow down the ray sampling interval to proximity space of the estimated surface and sample in expectation maximum position, constituting Geometry-Aware Dynamic Sampling strategy (GADS). Moreover, we introduce a Multi-level Semantic Consistency loss (MSC) to assist more informative representation learning. Extensive experiments on indoor and outdoor datasets show that comparing with state-of-the-art generalized NeRF methods, GARF reduces samples by more than 25\%, while improving rendering quality and 3D geometry estimation.
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Point of View & TimeFigure 1: We propose D-NeRF, a method for synthesizing novel views, at an arbitrary point in time, of dynamic scenes with complex non-rigid geometries. We optimize an underlying deformable volumetric function from a sparse set of input monocular views without the need of ground-truth geometry nor multi-view images. The figure shows two scenes under variable points of view and time instances synthesised by the proposed model.
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https://video-nerf.github.io Figure 1. Our method takes a single casually captured video as input and learns a space-time neural irradiance field. (Top) Sample frames from the input video. (Middle) Novel view images rendered from textured meshes constructed from depth maps. (Bottom) Our results rendered from the proposed space-time neural irradiance field.
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We present Depth-aware Image-based NEural Radiance fields (DINER). Given a sparse set of RGB input views, we predict depth and feature maps to guide the reconstruction of a volumetric scene representation that allows us to render 3D objects under novel views. Specifically, we propose novel techniques to incorporate depth information into feature fusion and efficient scene sampling. In comparison to the previous state of the art, DINER achieves higher synthesis quality and can process input views with greater disparity. This allows us to capture scenes more completely without changing capturing hardware requirements and ultimately enables larger viewpoint changes during novel view synthesis. We evaluate our method by synthesizing novel views, both for human heads and for general objects, and observe significantly improved qualitative results and increased perceptual metrics compared to the previous state of the art. The code will be made publicly available for research purposes.
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我们提出了一种基于神经辐射场(NERF)的单个$ 360^\ PANORAMA图像合成新视图的方法。在类似环境中的先前研究依赖于多层感知的邻居插值能力来完成由遮挡引起的丢失区域,这导致其预测中的伪像。我们提出了360Fusionnerf,这是一个半监督的学习框架,我们介绍几何监督和语义一致性,以指导渐进式培训过程。首先,将输入图像重新投影至$ 360^\ Circ $图像,并在其他相机位置提取辅助深度图。除NERF颜色指导外,深度监督还改善了合成视图的几何形状。此外,我们引入了语义一致性损失,鼓励新观点的现实渲染。我们使用预先训练的视觉编码器(例如剪辑)提取这些语义功能,这是一个视觉变压器,经过数以千计的不同2D照片,并通过自然语言监督从网络中挖掘出来。实验表明,我们提出的方法可以在保留场景的特征的同时产生未观察到的区域的合理完成。 360fusionnerf在各种场景中接受培训时,转移到合成结构3D数据集(PSNR〜5%,SSIM〜3%lpips〜13%)时,始终达到最先进的性能,SSIM〜3%LPIPS〜9%)和replica360数据集(PSNR〜8%,SSIM〜2%LPIPS〜18%)。
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图像中的3D重建在虚拟现实和自动驾驶中具有广泛的应用,在此精确要求非常高。通过利用多层感知,在神经辐射场(NERF)中进行的突破性研究已大大提高了3D对象的表示质量。后来的一些研究通过建立截短的签名距离场(TSDF)改善了NERF,但仍遭受3D重建中表面模糊的问题。在这项工作中,通过提出一种新颖的3D形状表示方式Omninerf来解决这种表面歧义。它基于训练Omni方向距离场(ODF)和神经辐射场的混合隐式场,用全向信息代替NERF中的明显密度。此外,我们在深度图上介绍了其他监督,以进一步提高重建质量。该提出的方法已被证明可以有效处理表面重建边缘的NERF缺陷,从而提供了更高质量的3D场景重建结果。
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In the literature, 3D reconstruction from 2D image has been extensively addressed but often still requires geometrical supervision. In this paper, we propose SceneRF, a self-supervised monocular scene reconstruction method with neural radiance fields (NeRF) learned from multiple image sequences with pose. To improve geometry prediction, we introduce new geometry constraints and a novel probabilistic sampling strategy that efficiently update radiance fields. As the latter are conditioned on a single frame, scene reconstruction is achieved from the fusion of multiple synthesized novel depth views. This is enabled by our spherical-decoder, which allows hallucination beyond the input frame field of view. Thorough experiments demonstrate that we outperform all baselines on all metrics for novel depth views synthesis and scene reconstruction. Our code is available at https://astra-vision.github.io/SceneRF.
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神经辐射场(NERF)最近在新型视图合成中取得了令人印象深刻的结果。但是,以前的NERF作品主要关注以对象为中心的方案。在这项工作中,我们提出了360ROAM,这是一种新颖的场景级NERF系统,可以实时合成大型室内场景的图像并支持VR漫游。我们的系统首先从多个输入$ 360^\ circ $图像构建全向神经辐射场360NERF。然后,我们逐步估算一个3D概率的占用图,该概率占用图代表了空间密度形式的场景几何形状。跳过空的空间和上采样占据的体素本质上可以使我们通过以几何学意识的方式使用360NERF加速量渲染。此外,我们使用自适应划分和扭曲策略来减少和调整辐射场,以进一步改进。从占用地图中提取的场景的平面图可以为射线采样提供指导,并促进现实的漫游体验。为了显示我们系统的功效,我们在各种场景中收集了$ 360^\ Circ $图像数据集并进行广泛的实验。基线之间的定量和定性比较说明了我们在复杂室内场景的新型视图合成中的主要表现。
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在本文中,我们为复杂场景进行了高效且强大的深度学习解决方案。在我们的方法中,3D场景表示为光场,即,一组光线,每组在到达图像平面时具有相应的颜色。对于高效的新颖视图渲染,我们采用了光场的双面参数化,其中每个光线的特征在于4D参数。然后,我们将光场配向作为4D函数,即将4D坐标映射到相应的颜色值。我们训练一个深度完全连接的网络以优化这种隐式功能并记住3D场景。然后,特定于场景的模型用于综合新颖视图。与以前需要密集的视野的方法不同,需要密集的视野采样来可靠地呈现新颖的视图,我们的方法可以通过采样光线来呈现新颖的视图并直接从网络查询每种光线的颜色,从而使高质量的灯场呈现稀疏集合训练图像。网络可以可选地预测每光深度,从而使诸如自动重新焦点的应用。我们的小说视图合成结果与最先进的综合结果相当,甚至在一些具有折射和反射的具有挑战性的场景中优越。我们在保持交互式帧速率和小的内存占地面积的同时实现这一点。
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Neural Radiance Field (NeRF), a new novel view synthesis with implicit scene representation has taken the field of Computer Vision by storm. As a novel view synthesis and 3D reconstruction method, NeRF models find applications in robotics, urban mapping, autonomous navigation, virtual reality/augmented reality, and more. Since the original paper by Mildenhall et al., more than 250 preprints were published, with more than 100 eventually being accepted in tier one Computer Vision Conferences. Given NeRF popularity and the current interest in this research area, we believe it necessary to compile a comprehensive survey of NeRF papers from the past two years, which we organized into both architecture, and application based taxonomies. We also provide an introduction to the theory of NeRF based novel view synthesis, and a benchmark comparison of the performance and speed of key NeRF models. By creating this survey, we hope to introduce new researchers to NeRF, provide a helpful reference for influential works in this field, as well as motivate future research directions with our discussion section.
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We present a method that synthesizes novel views of complex scenes by interpolating a sparse set of nearby views. The core of our method is a network architecture that includes a multilayer perceptron and a ray transformer that estimates radiance and volume density at continuous 5D locations (3D spatial locations and 2D viewing directions), drawing appearance information on the fly from multiple source views. By drawing on source views at render time, our method hearkens back to classic work on image-based rendering (IBR), and allows us to render high-resolution imagery. Unlike neural scene representation work that optimizes per-scene functions for rendering, we learn a generic view interpolation function that generalizes to novel scenes. We render images using classic volume rendering, which is fully differentiable and allows us to train using only multiview posed images as supervision. Experiments show that our method outperforms recent novel view synthesis methods that also seek to generalize to novel scenes. Further, if fine-tuned on each scene, our method is competitive with state-of-the-art single-scene neural rendering methods. 1
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我们介绍了神经点光场,它用稀疏点云上的轻场隐含地表示场景。结合可分辨率的体积渲染与学习的隐式密度表示使得可以合成用于小型场景的新颖视图的照片现实图像。作为神经体积渲染方法需要潜在的功能场景表示的浓密采样,在沿着射线穿过体积的数百个样本,它们从根本上限制在具有投影到数百个训练视图的相同对象的小场景。向神经隐式光线推广稀疏点云允许我们有效地表示每个光线的单个隐式采样操作。这些点光场作为光线方向和局部点特征邻域的函数,允许我们在没有密集的物体覆盖和视差的情况下插入光场条件训练图像。我们评估大型驾驶场景的新型视图综合的提出方法,在那里我们综合了现实的看法,即现有的隐式方法未能代表。我们验证了神经点光场可以通过显式建模场景来实现沿着先前轨迹的视频来预测沿着看不见的轨迹的视频。
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