时空视频超分辨率（STVSR）旨在从相应的低帧速率，低分辨率视频序列构建高空时间分辨率视频序列。灵感来自最近的成功，考虑空间时间超级分辨率的空间信息，我们在这项工作中的主要目标是在快速动态事件的视频序列中充分考虑空间和时间相关性。为此，我们提出了一种新颖的单级内存增强图注意网络（Megan），用于时空视频超分辨率。具体地，我们构建新颖的远程存储图聚合（LMGA）模块，以沿着特征映射的信道尺寸动态捕获相关性，并自适应地聚合信道特征以增强特征表示。我们介绍了一个非本地剩余块，其使每个通道明智的功能能够参加全局空间分层特征。此外，我们采用渐进式融合模块通过广泛利用来自多个帧的空间 - 时间相关性来进一步提高表示能力。实验结果表明，我们的方法与定量和视觉上的最先进的方法相比，实现了更好的结果。

时空视频超分辨率（STVSR）的目标是增加低分辨率（LR）和低帧速率（LFR）视频的空间分辨率。基于深度学习的最新方法已取得了重大改进，但是其中大多数仅使用两个相邻帧，即短期功能，可以合成缺失的框架嵌入，这无法完全探索连续输入LR帧的信息流。此外，现有的STVSR模型几乎无法明确利用时间上下文以帮助高分辨率（HR）框架重建。为了解决这些问题，在本文中，我们提出了一个称为STDAN的可变形注意网络。首先，我们设计了一个长短的术语特征插值（LSTFI）模块，该模块能够通过双向RNN结构从更相邻的输入帧中挖掘大量的内容，以进行插值。其次，我们提出了一个空间 - 周期性变形特征聚合（STDFA）模块，其中动态视频框架中的空间和时间上下文被自适应地捕获并汇总以增强SR重建。几个数据集的实验结果表明，我们的方法的表现优于最先进的STVSR方法。该代码可在https://github.com/littlewhitesea/stdan上找到。

时空视频超分辨率（ST-VSR）技术生成具有更高分辨率和较高帧速率的高质量视频。现有的高级方法通过空间和时间视频超分辨率（S-VSR和T-VSR）的关联来完成ST-VSR任务。这些方法需要在S-VSR和T-VSR中进行两个比对和融合，这显然是冗余的，并且无法充分探索连续的空间LR帧的信息流。尽管引入了双向学习（未来到档案和过去到现场）以涵盖所有输入框架，但最终预测的直接融合无法充分利用双向运动学习和空间信息的固有相关性，并从所有框架中进行空间信息。我们提出了一个有效但有效的经常性网络，该网络具有ST-VSR的双向相互作用，其中仅需要一个对齐和融合。具体而言，它首先从未来到过去执行向后推断，然后遵循向前推理到超溶解中间帧。向后和向前的推论被分配给学习结构和详细信息，以通过联合优化简化学习任务。此外，混合融合模块（HFM）旨在汇总和提炼信息以完善空间信息并重建高质量的视频帧。在两个公共数据集上进行的广泛实验表明，我们的方法在效率方面优于最先进的方法，并将计算成本降低约22％。

时空视频超分辨率（STVSR）的目标是提高帧速率（也称为时间分辨率）和给定视频的空间分辨率。最近的方法通过端到端的深神经网络解决了STVSR。一个流行的解决方案是首先提高视频的帧速率；然后在不同的框架功能之间执行特征改进；最后增加了这些功能的空间分辨率。在此过程中，仔细利用了不同帧的特征之间的时间相关性。然而，尚未强调不同（空间）分辨率的特征之间的空间相关性。在本文中，我们提出了一个时空特征交互网络，以通过在不同框架和空间分辨率的特征之间利用空间和时间相关来增强STVSR。具体而言，引入了空间 - 周期框架插值模块，以同时和互动性地插值低分辨率和高分辨率的中间框架特征。后来分别部署了空间 - 周期性的本地和全局细化模块，以利用不同特征之间的空间 - 周期相关性进行细化。最后，采用了新的运动一致性损失来增强重建帧之间的运动连续性。我们对三个标准基准测试，即VID4，Vimeo-90K和Adobe240进行实验，结果表明，我们的方法可以通过相当大的余量提高了最先进的方法。我们的代码将在https://github.com/yuezijie/stinet-pace time-video-super-resolution上找到。

在本文中，我们研究了实用的时空视频超分辨率（STVSR）问题，该问题旨在从低型低分辨率的低分辨率模糊视频中生成高富含高分辨率的夏普视频。当使用低填充和低分辨率摄像头记录快速动态事件时，通常会发生这种问题，而被捕获的视频将遭受三个典型问题：i）运动模糊发生是由于曝光时间内的对象/摄像机运动而发生的； ii）当事件时间频率超过时间采样的奈奎斯特极限时，运动异叠是不可避免的； iii）由于空间采样率低，因此丢失了高频细节。这些问题可以通过三个单独的子任务的级联来缓解，包括视频脱张，框架插值和超分辨率，但是，这些问题将无法捕获视频序列之间的空间和时间相关性。为了解决这个问题，我们通过利用基于模型的方法和基于学习的方法来提出一个可解释的STVSR框架。具体而言，我们将STVSR作为联合视频脱张，框架插值和超分辨率问题，并以另一种方式将其作为两个子问题解决。对于第一个子问题，我们得出了可解释的分析解决方案，并将其用作傅立叶数据变换层。然后，我们为第二个子问题提出了一个反复的视频增强层，以进一步恢复高频细节。广泛的实验证明了我们方法在定量指标和视觉质量方面的优势。

Informative features play a crucial role in the single image super-resolution task. Channel attention has been demonstrated to be effective for preserving information-rich features in each layer. However, channel attention treats each convolution layer as a separate process that misses the correlation among different layers. To address this problem, we propose a new holistic attention network (HAN), which consists of a layer attention module (LAM) and a channel-spatial attention module (CSAM), to model the holistic interdependencies among layers, channels, and positions. Specifically, the proposed LAM adaptively emphasizes hierarchical features by considering correlations among layers. Meanwhile, CSAM learns the confidence at all the positions of each channel to selectively capture more informative features. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed HAN performs favorably against the state-ofthe-art single image super-resolution approaches.

Video restoration tasks, including super-resolution, deblurring, etc, are drawing increasing attention in the computer vision community. A challenging benchmark named REDS is released in the NTIRE19 Challenge. This new benchmark challenges existing methods from two aspects:(1) how to align multiple frames given large motions, and (2) how to effectively fuse different frames with diverse motion and blur. In this work, we propose a novel Video Restoration framework with Enhanced Deformable convolutions, termed EDVR, to address these challenges. First, to handle large motions, we devise a Pyramid, Cascading and Deformable (PCD) alignment module, in which frame alignment is done at the feature level using deformable convolutions in a coarse-to-fine manner. Second, we propose a Temporal and Spatial Attention (TSA) fusion module, in which attention is applied both temporally and spatially, so as to emphasize important features for subsequent restoration. Thanks to these modules, our EDVR wins the champions and outperforms the second place by a large margin in all four tracks in the NTIRE19 video restoration and enhancement challenges. EDVR also demonstrates superior performance to state-of-the-art published methods on video super-resolution and deblurring. The code is available at https://github.com/xinntao/EDVR.

基于常规卷积网络的视频超分辨率（VSR）方法具有很强的视频序列的时间建模能力。然而，在单向反复卷积网络中的不同反复单元接收的输入信息不平衡。早期重建帧接收较少的时间信息，导致模糊或工件效果。虽然双向反复卷积网络可以缓解这个问题，但它大大提高了重建时间和计算复杂性。它也不适用于许多应用方案，例如在线超分辨率。为了解决上述问题，我们提出了一种端到端信息预构建的经常性重建网络（IPRRN），由信息预构建网络（IPNet）和经常性重建网络（RRNET）组成。通过将足够的信息从视频的前面集成来构建初始复发单元所需的隐藏状态，以帮助恢复较早的帧，信息预构建的网络在不向后传播之前和之后的输入信息差异。此外，我们展示了一种紧凑的复发性重建网络，可显着改善恢复质量和时间效率。许多实验已经验证了我们所提出的网络的有效性，并与现有的最先进方法相比，我们的方法可以有效地实现更高的定量和定性评估性能。

远程时间对齐至关重要，但对视频恢复任务有挑战性。最近，一些作品试图将远程对齐分成几个子对齐并逐步处理它们。虽然该操作有助于建模遥控对应关系，但由于传播机制，误差累积是不可避免的。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种新颖的通用迭代对准模块，其采用逐渐改进方案进行子对准，产生更准确的运动补偿。为了进一步提高对准精度和时间一致性，我们开发了一种非参数重新加权方法，其中每个相邻帧的重要性以用于聚合的空间方式自适应地评估。凭借拟议的策略，我们的模型在一系列视频恢复任务中实现了多个基准测试的最先进的性能，包括视频超分辨率，去噪和去束性。我们的项目可用于\ url {https:/github.com/redrock303/revisiting-temporal-alignment-for-video-Restion.git}。

Video Super-Resolution (VSR) aims to restore high-resolution (HR) videos from low-resolution (LR) videos. Existing VSR techniques usually recover HR frames by extracting pertinent textures from nearby frames with known degradation processes. Despite significant progress, grand challenges are remained to effectively extract and transmit high-quality textures from high-degraded low-quality sequences, such as blur, additive noises, and compression artifacts. In this work, a novel Frequency-Transformer (FTVSR) is proposed for handling low-quality videos that carry out self-attention in a combined space-time-frequency domain. First, video frames are split into patches and each patch is transformed into spectral maps in which each channel represents a frequency band. It permits a fine-grained self-attention on each frequency band, so that real visual texture can be distinguished from artifacts. Second, a novel dual frequency attention (DFA) mechanism is proposed to capture the global frequency relations and local frequency relations, which can handle different complicated degradation processes in real-world scenarios. Third, we explore different self-attention schemes for video processing in the frequency domain and discover that a ``divided attention'' which conducts a joint space-frequency attention before applying temporal-frequency attention, leads to the best video enhancement quality. Extensive experiments on three widely-used VSR datasets show that FTVSR outperforms state-of-the-art methods on different low-quality videos with clear visual margins. Code and pre-trained models are available at https://github.com/researchmm/FTVSR.

视频通常将流和连续的视觉数据记录为离散的连续帧。由于存储成本对于高保真度的视频来说是昂贵的，因此大多数存储以相对较低的分辨率和帧速率存储。最新的时空视频超分辨率（STVSR）的工作是开发出来的，以将时间插值和空间超分辨率纳入统一框架。但是，其中大多数仅支持固定的上采样量表，这限制了其灵活性和应用。在这项工作中，我们没有遵循离散表示，我们提出了视频隐式神经表示（videoinr），并显示了其对STVSR的应用。学到的隐式神经表示可以解码为任意空间分辨率和帧速率的视频。我们表明，Videoinr在常见的上采样量表上使用最先进的STVSR方法实现了竞争性能，并且在连续和训练的分布量表上显着优于先前的作品。我们的项目页面位于http://zeyuan-chen.com/videoinr/。

近年来，由于SR数据集的开发和相应的实际SR方法，真实的图像超分辨率（SR）已取得了令人鼓舞的结果。相比之下，真实视频SR领域落后，尤其是对于真实的原始视频。考虑到原始图像SR优于SRGB图像SR，我们构建了一个真实世界的原始视频SR（Real-Rawvsr）数据集，并提出了相应的SR方法。我们利用两个DSLR摄像机和一个梁切口来同时捕获具有2倍，3倍和4倍大型的高分辨率（LR）和高分辨率（HR）原始视频。我们的数据集中有450对视频对，场景从室内到室外各不相同，包括相机和对象运动在内的动作。据我们所知，这是第一个现实世界的RAW VSR数据集。由于原始视频的特征是拜耳模式，因此我们提出了一个两分支网络，该网络既涉及包装的RGGB序列和原始的拜耳模式序列，又涉及两个分支，并且两个分支相互互补。经过提出的共对象，相互作用，融合和重建模块后，我们生成了相应的HR SRGB序列。实验结果表明，所提出的方法优于原始或SRGB输入的基准实体和合成视频SR方法。我们的代码和数据集可在https://github.com/zmzhang1998/real-rawvsr上找到。

最近，已经开发了许多算法来解决光场超分辨率（LFSR）的问题，即超声分辨率的低分辨率光场，以获得高分辨率视图。尽管提供了令人鼓舞的结果，但这些方法都是基于卷积的，并且在副孔径图像的全局关系模型中自然弱，这必然是表征光场的固有结构。在本文中，我们通过将LFSR视为序列到序列重建任务，提出了一种基于变压器的新型制剂。特别地，我们的模型将每个垂直或水平角度视图的子孔图像视为序列，并通过空间角局部增强的自我关注层在每个序列内建立远程几何依赖性，其维护每个的局部性子光圈图像也是如此。此外，为了更好地恢复图像细节，我们通过利用光场的梯度图来引导序列学习来提出细节保存的变压器（称为DPT）。 DPT由两个分支组成，每个分支机构与变压器相关联，用于从原始或梯度图像序列学习。这两个分支机构最终融合以获得重建的综合特征表示。评估在许多光场数据集中进行，包括现实世界场景和合成数据。该方法与其他最先进的方案相比，实现了卓越的性能。我们的代码可公开提供：https://github.com/bitszwang/dpt。

This paper explores the problem of reconstructing high-resolution light field (LF) images from hybrid lenses, including a high-resolution camera surrounded by multiple low-resolution cameras. The performance of existing methods is still limited, as they produce either blurry results on plain textured areas or distortions around depth discontinuous boundaries. To tackle this challenge, we propose a novel end-to-end learning-based approach, which can comprehensively utilize the specific characteristics of the input from two complementary and parallel perspectives. Specifically, one module regresses a spatially consistent intermediate estimation by learning a deep multidimensional and cross-domain feature representation, while the other module warps another intermediate estimation, which maintains the high-frequency textures, by propagating the information of the high-resolution view. We finally leverage the advantages of the two intermediate estimations adaptively via the learned attention maps, leading to the final high-resolution LF image with satisfactory results on both plain textured areas and depth discontinuous boundaries. Besides, to promote the effectiveness of our method trained with simulated hybrid data on real hybrid data captured by a hybrid LF imaging system, we carefully design the network architecture and the training strategy. Extensive experiments on both real and simulated hybrid data demonstrate the significant superiority of our approach over state-of-the-art ones. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first end-to-end deep learning method for LF reconstruction from a real hybrid input. We believe our framework could potentially decrease the cost of high-resolution LF data acquisition and benefit LF data storage and transmission.

本文提出了解码器 - 侧交叉分辨率合成（CRS）模块，以追求更好的压缩效率超出最新的通用视频编码（VVC），在那里我们在原始高分辨率（HR）处编码帧内帧，以较低的分辨率压缩帧帧间（ LR），然后通过在先前的HR帧内和相邻的LR帧间帧内解解码LR帧间帧间帧帧。对于LR帧间帧，设计运动对准和聚合网络（MAN）以产生时间汇总的运动表示，以最佳保证时间平滑度;使用另一个纹理补偿网络（TCN）来生成从解码的HR帧内帧的纹理表示，以便更好地增强空间细节;最后，相似性驱动的融合引擎将运动和纹理表示合成为Upscale LR帧帧，以便去除压缩和分辨率重新采样噪声。我们使用所提出的CRS增强VVC，显示平均为8.76％和11.93％BJ {\ O} NTEGAARD Delta率（BD速率）分别在随机接入（RA）和低延延迟P（LDP）设置中的最新VVC锚点。此外，对基于最先进的超分辨率（SR）的VVC增强方法和消融研究的实验比较，进一步报告了所提出的算法的卓越效率和泛化。所有材料都将在HTTPS://njuvision.github.io /crs上公开进行可重复的研究。

Convolutional neural networks have recently demonstrated high-quality reconstruction for single-image superresolution. In this paper, we propose the Laplacian Pyramid Super-Resolution Network (LapSRN) to progressively reconstruct the sub-band residuals of high-resolution images. At each pyramid level, our model takes coarse-resolution feature maps as input, predicts the high-frequency residuals, and uses transposed convolutions for upsampling to the finer level. Our method does not require the bicubic interpolation as the pre-processing step and thus dramatically reduces the computational complexity. We train the proposed LapSRN with deep supervision using a robust Charbonnier loss function and achieve high-quality reconstruction. Furthermore, our network generates multi-scale predictions in one feed-forward pass through the progressive reconstruction, thereby facilitates resource-aware applications. Extensive quantitative and qualitative evaluations on benchmark datasets show that the proposed algorithm performs favorably against the state-of-the-art methods in terms of speed and accuracy.

Video super-resolution (VSR) aiming to reconstruct a high-resolution (HR) video from its low-resolution (LR) counterpart has made tremendous progress in recent years. However, it remains challenging to deploy existing VSR methods to real-world data with complex degradations. On the one hand, there are few well-aligned real-world VSR datasets, especially with large super-resolution scale factors, which limits the development of real-world VSR tasks. On the other hand, alignment algorithms in existing VSR methods perform poorly for real-world videos, leading to unsatisfactory results. As an attempt to address the aforementioned issues, we build a real-world 4 VSR dataset, namely MVSR4$\times$, where low- and high-resolution videos are captured with different focal length lenses of a smartphone, respectively. Moreover, we propose an effective alignment method for real-world VSR, namely EAVSR. EAVSR takes the proposed multi-layer adaptive spatial transform network (MultiAdaSTN) to refine the offsets provided by the pre-trained optical flow estimation network. Experimental results on RealVSR and MVSR4$\times$ datasets show the effectiveness and practicality of our method, and we achieve state-of-the-art performance in real-world VSR task. The dataset and code will be publicly available.

红外小目标超分辨率（SR）旨在从其低分辨率对应物中恢复具有高度控制目标的可靠和详细的高分辨率图像。由于红外小目标缺乏颜色和精细结构信息，因此利用序列图像之间的补充信息来提高目标是很重要的。在本文中，我们提出了名为局部运动和对比的第一红外小目标SR方法，以前驱动的深网络（MoCopnet）将红外小目标的域知识集成到深网络中，这可以减轻红外小目标的内在特征稀缺性。具体而言，通过在时空维度之前的局部运动的动机，我们提出了局部时空注意力模块，以执行隐式帧对齐并结合本地时空信息以增强局部特征（特别是对于小目标）来增强局部特征。通过在空间尺寸之前的局部对比的动机，我们提出了一种中心差异残留物，将中心差卷积纳入特征提取骨架，这可以实现以中心为导向的梯度感知特征提取，以进一步提高目标对比度。广泛的实验表明，我们的方法可以恢复准确的空间依赖性并改善目标对比度。比较结果表明，MoCopnet在SR性能和目标增强方面可以优于最先进的视频SR和单图像SR方法。基于SR结果，我们进一步调查了SR对红外小型目标检测的影响，实验结果表明MoCopnet促进了检测性能。代码可在https://github.com/xinyiying/mocopnet上获得。

Recently, deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely explored in single image super-resolution (SISR) and obtained remarkable performance. However, most of the existing CNN-based SISR methods mainly focus on wider or deeper architecture design, neglecting to explore the feature correlations of intermediate layers, hence hindering the representational power of CNNs. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a second-order attention network (SAN) for more powerful feature expression and feature correlation learning. Specifically, a novel trainable second-order channel attention (SOCA) module is developed to adaptively rescale the channel-wise features by using second-order feature statistics for more discriminative representations. Furthermore, we present a non-locally enhanced residual group (NLRG) structure, which not only incorporates non-local operations to capture long-distance spatial contextual information, but also contains repeated local-source residual attention groups (LSRAG) to learn increasingly abstract feature representations. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our SAN network over state-of-the-art SISR methods in terms of both quantitative metrics and visual quality.

Reference-based image super-resolution (RefSR) is a promising SR branch and has shown great potential in overcoming the limitations of single image super-resolution. While previous state-of-the-art RefSR methods mainly focus on improving the efficacy and robustness of reference feature transfer, it is generally overlooked that a well reconstructed SR image should enable better SR reconstruction for its similar LR images when it is referred to as. Therefore, in this work, we propose a reciprocal learning framework that can appropriately leverage such a fact to reinforce the learning of a RefSR network. Besides, we deliberately design a progressive feature alignment and selection module for further improving the RefSR task. The newly proposed module aligns reference-input images at multi-scale feature spaces and performs reference-aware feature selection in a progressive manner, thus more precise reference features can be transferred into the input features and the network capability is enhanced. Our reciprocal learning paradigm is model-agnostic and it can be applied to arbitrary RefSR models. We empirically show that multiple recent state-of-the-art RefSR models can be consistently improved with our reciprocal learning paradigm. Furthermore, our proposed model together with the reciprocal learning strategy sets new state-of-the-art performances on multiple benchmarks.