Video Super-Resolution (VSR) aims to restore high-resolution (HR) videos from low-resolution (LR) videos. Existing VSR techniques usually recover HR frames by extracting pertinent textures from nearby frames with known degradation processes. Despite significant progress, grand challenges are remained to effectively extract and transmit high-quality textures from high-degraded low-quality sequences, such as blur, additive noises, and compression artifacts. In this work, a novel Frequency-Transformer (FTVSR) is proposed for handling low-quality videos that carry out self-attention in a combined space-time-frequency domain. First, video frames are split into patches and each patch is transformed into spectral maps in which each channel represents a frequency band. It permits a fine-grained self-attention on each frequency band, so that real visual texture can be distinguished from artifacts. Second, a novel dual frequency attention (DFA) mechanism is proposed to capture the global frequency relations and local frequency relations, which can handle different complicated degradation processes in real-world scenarios. Third, we explore different self-attention schemes for video processing in the frequency domain and discover that a ``divided attention'' which conducts a joint space-frequency attention before applying temporal-frequency attention, leads to the best video enhancement quality. Extensive experiments on three widely-used VSR datasets show that FTVSR outperforms state-of-the-art methods on different low-quality videos with clear visual margins. Code and pre-trained models are available at https://github.com/researchmm/FTVSR.
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压缩视频超分辨率(VSR)旨在从压缩的低分辨率对应物中恢复高分辨率帧。最近的VSR方法通常通过借用相邻视频帧的相关纹理来增强输入框架。尽管已经取得了一些进展,但是从压缩视频中有效提取和转移高质量纹理的巨大挑战,这些视频通常会高度退化。在本文中,我们提出了一种用于压缩视频超分辨率(FTVSR)的新型频率转换器,该频率在联合时空频域中进行自我注意。首先,我们将视频框架分为斑块,然后将每个贴片转换为DCT光谱图,每个通道代表频带。这样的设计使每个频带都可以进行细粒度的自我注意力,因此可以将真实的视觉纹理与伪影区分开,并进一步用于视频框架修复。其次,我们研究了不同的自我发场方案,并发现在对每个频带上应用暂时关注之前,会引起关节空间的注意力,从而带来最佳的视频增强质量。两个广泛使用的视频超分辨率基准的实验结果表明,FTVSR在未压缩和压缩视频的最先进的方法中都具有清晰的视觉边距。代码可在https://github.com/researchmm/ftvsr上找到。
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在本文中,我们研究了实用的时空视频超分辨率(STVSR)问题,该问题旨在从低型低分辨率的低分辨率模糊视频中生成高富含高分辨率的夏普视频。当使用低填充和低分辨率摄像头记录快速动态事件时,通常会发生这种问题,而被捕获的视频将遭受三个典型问题:i)运动模糊发生是由于曝光时间内的对象/摄像机运动而发生的; ii)当事件时间频率超过时间采样的奈奎斯特极限时,运动异叠是不可避免的; iii)由于空间采样率低,因此丢失了高频细节。这些问题可以通过三个单独的子任务的级联来缓解,包括视频脱张,框架插值和超分辨率,但是,这些问题将无法捕获视频序列之间的空间和时间相关性。为了解决这个问题,我们通过利用基于模型的方法和基于学习的方法来提出一个可解释的STVSR框架。具体而言,我们将STVSR作为联合视频脱张,框架插值和超分辨率问题,并以另一种方式将其作为两个子问题解决。对于第一个子问题,我们得出了可解释的分析解决方案,并将其用作傅立叶数据变换层。然后,我们为第二个子问题提出了一个反复的视频增强层,以进一步恢复高频细节。广泛的实验证明了我们方法在定量指标和视觉质量方面的优势。
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本文研究了动画视频的现实世界视频超分辨率(VSR)的问题,并揭示了实用动画VSR的三个关键改进。首先,最近的现实世界超分辨率方法通常依赖于使用基本运算符的降解模拟,而没有任何学习能力,例如模糊,噪声和压缩。在这项工作中,我们建议从真正的低质量动画视频中学习此类基本操作员,并将学习的操作员纳入降级生成管道中。这样的基于神经网络的基本操作员可以帮助更好地捕获实际降解的分布。其次,大规模的高质量动画视频数据集AVC构建,以促进动画VSR的全面培训和评估。第三,我们进一步研究了有效的多尺度网络结构。它利用单向复发网络的效率以及基于滑动窗口的方法的有效性。多亏了上述精致的设计,我们的方法Animesr能够有效,有效地恢复现实世界中的低质量动画视频,从而实现优于以前的最先进方法。
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现有的视频denoising方法通常假设嘈杂的视频通过添加高斯噪声从干净的视频中降低。但是,经过这种降解假设训练的深层模型将不可避免地导致由于退化不匹配而导致的真实视频的性能差。尽管一些研究试图在摄像机捕获的嘈杂和无噪声视频对上训练深层模型,但此类模型只能对特定的相机很好地工作,并且对其他视频的推广不佳。在本文中,我们建议提高此限制,并专注于一般真实视频的问题,目的是在看不见的现实世界视频上概括。我们首先调查视频噪音的共同行为来解决这个问题,并观察两个重要特征:1)缩减有助于降低空间空间中的噪声水平; 2)来自相邻框架的信息有助于消除时间上的当前框架的噪声空间。在这两个观察结果的推动下,我们通过充分利用上述两个特征提出了多尺度的复发架构。其次,我们通过随机调整不同的噪声类型来训练Denoising模型来提出合成真实的噪声降解模型。借助合成和丰富的降解空间,我们的退化模型可以帮助弥合训练数据和现实世界数据之间的分布差距。广泛的实验表明,与现有方法相比,我们所提出的方法实现了最先进的性能和更好的概括能力,而在合成高斯denoising和实用的真实视频denoisising方面都具有现有方法。
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基于常规卷积网络的视频超分辨率(VSR)方法具有很强的视频序列的时间建模能力。然而,在单向反复卷积网络中的不同反复单元接收的输入信息不平衡。早期重建帧接收较少的时间信息,导致模糊或工件效果。虽然双向反复卷积网络可以缓解这个问题,但它大大提高了重建时间和计算复杂性。它也不适用于许多应用方案,例如在线超分辨率。为了解决上述问题,我们提出了一种端到端信息预构建的经常性重建网络(IPRRN),由信息预构建网络(IPNet)和经常性重建网络(RRNET)组成。通过将足够的信息从视频的前面集成来构建初始复发单元所需的隐藏状态,以帮助恢复较早的帧,信息预构建的网络在不向后传播之前和之后的输入信息差异。此外,我们展示了一种紧凑的复发性重建网络,可显着改善恢复质量和时间效率。许多实验已经验证了我们所提出的网络的有效性,并与现有的最先进方法相比,我们的方法可以有效地实现更高的定量和定性评估性能。
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压缩在通过限制系统(例如流媒体服务,虚拟现实或视频游戏)等系统的有效传输和存储图像和视频中起着重要作用。但是,不可避免地会导致伪影和原始信息的丢失,这可能会严重降低视觉质量。由于这些原因,压缩图像的质量增强已成为流行的研究主题。尽管大多数最先进的图像恢复方法基于卷积神经网络,但基于Swinir等其他基于变压器的方法在这些任务上表现出令人印象深刻的性能。在本文中,我们探索了新型的Swin Transformer V2,以改善图像超分辨率的Swinir,尤其是压缩输入方案。使用这种方法,我们可以解决训练变压器视觉模型中的主要问题,例如训练不稳定性,预训练和微调之间的分辨率差距以及数据饥饿。我们对三个代表性任务进行实验:JPEG压缩伪像去除,图像超分辨率(经典和轻巧)以及压缩的图像超分辨率。实验结果表明,我们的方法SWIN2SR可以改善SWINIR的训练收敛性和性能,并且是“ AIM 2022挑战压缩图像和视频的超分辨率”的前5个解决方案。
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盲级超分辨率(SR)旨在从低分辨率(LR)图像中恢复高质量的视觉纹理,通常通过下采样模糊内核和添加剂噪声来降解。由于现实世界中复杂的图像降解的挑战,此任务非常困难。现有的SR方法要么假定预定义的模糊内核或固定噪声,这限制了这些方法在具有挑战性的情况下。在本文中,我们提出了一个用于盲目超级分辨率(DMSR)的降解引导的元修复网络,该网络促进了真实病例的图像恢复。 DMSR由降解提取器和元修复模块组成。萃取器估计LR输入中的降解,并指导元恢复模块以预测恢复参数的恢复参数。 DMSR通过新颖的降解一致性损失和重建损失共同优化。通过这样的优化,DMSR在三个广泛使用的基准上以很大的边距优于SOTA。一项包括16个受试者的用户研究进一步验证了现实世界中的盲目SR任务中DMSR的优势。
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视频修复(例如,视频超分辨率)旨在从低品质框架中恢复高质量的帧。与单图像恢复不同,视频修复通常需要从多个相邻但通常未对准视频帧的时间信息。现有的深度方法通常通过利用滑动窗口策略或经常性体系结构来解决此问题,该策略要么受逐帧恢复的限制,要么缺乏远程建模能力。在本文中,我们提出了一个带有平行框架预测和远程时间依赖性建模能力的视频恢复变压器(VRT)。更具体地说,VRT由多个量表组成,每个量表由两种模块组成:时间相互注意(TMSA)和平行翘曲。 TMSA将视频分为小剪辑,将相互关注用于关节运动估计,特征对齐和特征融合,而自我注意力则用于特征提取。为了启用交叉交互,视频序列对其他每一层都发生了变化。此外,通过并行功能翘曲,并行翘曲用于进一步从相邻帧中融合信息。有关五项任务的实验结果,包括视频超分辨率,视频脱张,视频denoising,视频框架插值和时空视频超级分辨率,证明VRT优于大幅度的最先进方法($ \ textbf) {最高2.16db} $)在十四个基准数据集上。
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时空视频超分辨率(STVSR)旨在从相应的低帧速率,低分辨率视频序列构建高空时间分辨率视频序列。灵感来自最近的成功,考虑空间时间超级分辨率的空间信息,我们在这项工作中的主要目标是在快速动态事件的视频序列中充分考虑空间和时间相关性。为此,我们提出了一种新颖的单级内存增强图注意网络(Megan),用于时空视频超分辨率。具体地,我们构建新颖的远程存储图聚合(LMGA)模块,以沿着特征映射的信道尺寸动态捕获相关性,并自适应地聚合信道特征以增强特征表示。我们介绍了一个非本地剩余块,其使每个通道明智的功能能够参加全局空间分层特征。此外,我们采用渐进式融合模块通过广泛利用来自多个帧的空间 - 时间相关性来进一步提高表示能力。实验结果表明,我们的方法与定量和视觉上的最先进的方法相比,实现了更好的结果。
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Video super-resolution (VSR) aiming to reconstruct a high-resolution (HR) video from its low-resolution (LR) counterpart has made tremendous progress in recent years. However, it remains challenging to deploy existing VSR methods to real-world data with complex degradations. On the one hand, there are few well-aligned real-world VSR datasets, especially with large super-resolution scale factors, which limits the development of real-world VSR tasks. On the other hand, alignment algorithms in existing VSR methods perform poorly for real-world videos, leading to unsatisfactory results. As an attempt to address the aforementioned issues, we build a real-world 4 VSR dataset, namely MVSR4$\times$, where low- and high-resolution videos are captured with different focal length lenses of a smartphone, respectively. Moreover, we propose an effective alignment method for real-world VSR, namely EAVSR. EAVSR takes the proposed multi-layer adaptive spatial transform network (MultiAdaSTN) to refine the offsets provided by the pre-trained optical flow estimation network. Experimental results on RealVSR and MVSR4$\times$ datasets show the effectiveness and practicality of our method, and we achieve state-of-the-art performance in real-world VSR task. The dataset and code will be publicly available.
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近年来,压缩图像超分辨率已引起了极大的关注,其中图像被压缩伪像和低分辨率伪影降解。由于复杂的杂化扭曲变形,因此很难通过简单的超分辨率和压缩伪像消除掉的简单合作来恢复扭曲的图像。在本文中,我们向前迈出了一步,提出了层次的SWIN变压器(HST)网络,以恢复低分辨率压缩图像,该图像共同捕获分层特征表示并分别用SWIN Transformer增强每个尺度表示。此外,我们发现具有超分辨率(SR)任务的预处理对于压缩图像超分辨率至关重要。为了探索不同的SR预审查的影响,我们将常用的SR任务(例如,比科比奇和不同的实际超分辨率仿真)作为我们的预处理任务,并揭示了SR在压缩的图像超分辨率中起不可替代的作用。随着HST和预训练的合作,我们的HST在AIM 2022挑战中获得了低质量压缩图像超分辨率轨道的第五名,PSNR为23.51db。广泛的实验和消融研究已经验证了我们提出的方法的有效性。
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本文回顾了AIM 2022上压缩图像和视频超级分辨率的挑战。这项挑战包括两条曲目。轨道1的目标是压缩图像的超分辨率,轨迹〜2靶向压缩视频的超分辨率。在轨道1中,我们使用流行的数据集DIV2K作为培训,验证和测试集。在轨道2中,我们提出了LDV 3.0数据集,其中包含365个视频,包括LDV 2.0数据集(335个视频)和30个其他视频。在这一挑战中,有12支球队和2支球队分别提交了赛道1和赛道2的最终结果。所提出的方法和解决方案衡量了压缩图像和视频上超分辨率的最先进。提出的LDV 3.0数据集可在https://github.com/renyang-home/ldv_dataset上找到。此挑战的首页是在https://github.com/renyang-home/aim22_compresssr。
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现实世界图像Denoising是一个实用的图像恢复问题,旨在从野外嘈杂的输入中获取干净的图像。最近,Vision Transformer(VIT)表现出强大的捕获远程依赖性的能力,许多研究人员试图将VIT应用于图像DeNosing任务。但是,现实世界的图像是一个孤立的框架,它使VIT构建了内部贴片的远程依赖性,该依赖性将图像分为贴片并混乱噪声模式和梯度连续性。在本文中,我们建议通过使用连续的小波滑动转换器来解决此问题,该小波滑动转换器在现实世界中构建频率对应关系,称为dnswin。具体而言,我们首先使用CNN编码器从嘈杂的输入图像中提取底部功能。 DNSWIN的关键是将高频和低频信息与功能和构建频率依赖性分开。为此,我们提出了小波滑动窗口变压器,该变压器利用离散的小波变换,自我注意力和逆离散小波变换来提取深度特征。最后,我们使用CNN解码器将深度特征重建为DeNo的图像。对现实世界的基准测试的定量和定性评估都表明,拟议的DNSWIN对最新方法的表现良好。
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Real-world image super-resolution (RISR) has received increased focus for improving the quality of SR images under unknown complex degradation. Existing methods rely on the heavy SR models to enhance low-resolution (LR) images of different degradation levels, which significantly restricts their practical deployments on resource-limited devices. In this paper, we propose a novel Dynamic Channel Splitting scheme for efficient Real-world Image Super-Resolution, termed DCS-RISR. Specifically, we first introduce the light degradation prediction network to regress the degradation vector to simulate the real-world degradations, upon which the channel splitting vector is generated as the input for an efficient SR model. Then, a learnable octave convolution block is proposed to adaptively decide the channel splitting scale for low- and high-frequency features at each block, reducing computation overhead and memory cost by offering the large scale to low-frequency features and the small scale to the high ones. To further improve the RISR performance, Non-local regularization is employed to supplement the knowledge of patches from LR and HR subspace with free-computation inference. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of DCS-RISR on different benchmark datasets. Our DCS-RISR not only achieves the best trade-off between computation/parameter and PSNR/SSIM metric, and also effectively handles real-world images with different degradation levels.
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突发超级分辨率(SR)提供了从低质量图像恢复丰富细节的可能性。然而,由于实际应用中的低分辨率(LR)图像具有多种复杂和未知的降级,所以现有的非盲(例如,双臂)设计的网络通常导致恢复高分辨率(HR)图像的严重性能下降。此外,处理多重未对准的嘈杂的原始输入也是具有挑战性的。在本文中,我们解决了从现代手持设备获取的原始突发序列重建HR图像的问题。中央观点是一个内核引导策略,可以用两个步骤解决突发SR:内核建模和HR恢复。前者估计来自原始输入的突发内核,而后者基于估计的内核预测超分辨图像。此外,我们引入了内核感知可变形对准模块,其可以通过考虑模糊的前沿而有效地对准原始图像。对综合和现实世界数据集的广泛实验表明,所提出的方法可以在爆发SR问题中对最先进的性能进行。
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时空视频超分辨率(STVSR)的目标是增加低分辨率(LR)和低帧速率(LFR)视频的空间分辨率。基于深度学习的最新方法已取得了重大改进,但是其中大多数仅使用两个相邻帧,即短期功能,可以合成缺失的框架嵌入,这无法完全探索连续输入LR帧的信息流。此外,现有的STVSR模型几乎无法明确利用时间上下文以帮助高分辨率(HR)框架重建。为了解决这些问题,在本文中,我们提出了一个称为STDAN的可变形注意网络。首先,我们设计了一个长短的术语特征插值(LSTFI)模块,该模块能够通过双向RNN结构从更相邻的输入帧中挖掘大量的内容,以进行插值。其次,我们提出了一个空间 - 周期性变形特征聚合(STDFA)模块,其中动态视频框架中的空间和时间上下文被自适应地捕获并汇总以增强SR重建。几个数据集的实验结果表明,我们的方法的表现优于最先进的STVSR方法。该代码可在https://github.com/littlewhitesea/stdan上找到。
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Existing convolutional neural networks (CNN) based image super-resolution (SR) methods have achieved impressive performance on bicubic kernel, which is not valid to handle unknown degradations in real-world applications. Recent blind SR methods suggest to reconstruct SR images relying on blur kernel estimation. However, their results still remain visible artifacts and detail distortion due to the estimation errors. To alleviate these problems, in this paper, we propose an effective and kernel-free network, namely DSSR, which enables recurrent detail-structure alternative optimization without blur kernel prior incorporation for blind SR. Specifically, in our DSSR, a detail-structure modulation module (DSMM) is built to exploit the interaction and collaboration of image details and structures. The DSMM consists of two components: a detail restoration unit (DRU) and a structure modulation unit (SMU). The former aims at regressing the intermediate HR detail reconstruction from LR structural contexts, and the latter performs structural contexts modulation conditioned on the learned detail maps at both HR and LR spaces. Besides, we use the output of DSMM as the hidden state and design our DSSR architecture from a recurrent convolutional neural network (RCNN) view. In this way, the network can alternatively optimize the image details and structural contexts, achieving co-optimization across time. Moreover, equipped with the recurrent connection, our DSSR allows low- and high-level feature representations complementary by observing previous HR details and contexts at every unrolling time. Extensive experiments on synthetic datasets and real-world images demonstrate that our method achieves the state-of-the-art against existing methods. The source code can be found at https://github.com/Arcananana/DSSR.
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Recently, Transformer-based image restoration networks have achieved promising improvements over convolutional neural networks due to parameter-independent global interactions. To lower computational cost, existing works generally limit self-attention computation within non-overlapping windows. However, each group of tokens are always from a dense area of the image. This is considered as a dense attention strategy since the interactions of tokens are restrained in dense regions. Obviously, this strategy could result in restricted receptive fields. To address this issue, we propose Attention Retractable Transformer (ART) for image restoration, which presents both dense and sparse attention modules in the network. The sparse attention module allows tokens from sparse areas to interact and thus provides a wider receptive field. Furthermore, the alternating application of dense and sparse attention modules greatly enhances representation ability of Transformer while providing retractable attention on the input image.We conduct extensive experiments on image super-resolution, denoising, and JPEG compression artifact reduction tasks. Experimental results validate that our proposed ART outperforms state-of-the-art methods on various benchmark datasets both quantitatively and visually. We also provide code and models at the website https://github.com/gladzhang/ART.
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Face Restoration (FR) aims to restore High-Quality (HQ) faces from Low-Quality (LQ) input images, which is a domain-specific image restoration problem in the low-level computer vision area. The early face restoration methods mainly use statistic priors and degradation models, which are difficult to meet the requirements of real-world applications in practice. In recent years, face restoration has witnessed great progress after stepping into the deep learning era. However, there are few works to study deep learning-based face restoration methods systematically. Thus, this paper comprehensively surveys recent advances in deep learning techniques for face restoration. Specifically, we first summarize different problem formulations and analyze the characteristic of the face image. Second, we discuss the challenges of face restoration. Concerning these challenges, we present a comprehensive review of existing FR methods, including prior based methods and deep learning-based methods. Then, we explore developed techniques in the task of FR covering network architectures, loss functions, and benchmark datasets. We also conduct a systematic benchmark evaluation on representative methods. Finally, we discuss future directions, including network designs, metrics, benchmark datasets, applications,etc. We also provide an open-source repository for all the discussed methods, which is available at https://github.com/TaoWangzj/Awesome-Face-Restoration.
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