随着行业4.0系统的不断增长的复杂性,开发出旨在改善能源可持续性的植物能源管理系统变得同样复杂。基于基于模型的系统工程分析,本文旨在提供一种通用方法,以对制造业的自主能源管理系统进行整体开发。该能源管理系统(EMS)将能够不断提高其评估,预测和行动的能力,以通过监视和控制制造系统的能源可持续性来改善。该方法是通过系统建模语言(SYSML)实现的。
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在迅速增长的海上风电场市场中出现了增加风力涡轮机尺寸和距离的全球趋势。在英国,海上风电业于2019年生产了英国最多的电力,前一年增加了19.6%。目前,英国将进一步增加产量,旨在增加安装的涡轮机容量74.7%,如最近的冠村租赁轮次反映。通过如此巨大的增长,该部门现在正在寻求机器人和人工智能(RAI),以解决生命周期服务障碍,以支持可持续和有利可图的海上风能生产。如今,RAI应用主要用于支持运营和维护的短期目标。然而,前进,RAI在海上风基础设施的全部生命周期中有可能发挥关键作用,从测量,规划,设计,物流,运营支持,培训和退役。本文介绍了离岸可再生能源部门的RAI的第一个系统评论之一。在当前和未来的要求方面,在行业和学术界的离岸能源需求分析了rai的最先进的。我们的评论还包括对支持RAI的投资,监管和技能开发的详细评估。通过专利和学术出版数据库进行详细分析确定的关键趋势,提供了对安全合规性和可靠性的自主平台认证等障碍的见解,这是自主车队中可扩展性的数字架构,适应性居民运营和优化的适应性规划人机互动对人与自治助理的信赖伙伴关系。
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Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is transforming the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by enhancing the trust of end-users in machines. As the number of connected devices keeps on growing, the Internet of Things (IoT) market needs to be trustworthy for the end-users. However, existing literature still lacks a systematic and comprehensive survey work on the use of XAI for IoT. To bridge this lacking, in this paper, we address the XAI frameworks with a focus on their characteristics and support for IoT. We illustrate the widely-used XAI services for IoT applications, such as security enhancement, Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), Industrial IoT (IIoT), and Internet of City Things (IoCT). We also suggest the implementation choice of XAI models over IoT systems in these applications with appropriate examples and summarize the key inferences for future works. Moreover, we present the cutting-edge development in edge XAI structures and the support of sixth-generation (6G) communication services for IoT applications, along with key inferences. In a nutshell, this paper constitutes the first holistic compilation on the development of XAI-based frameworks tailored for the demands of future IoT use cases.
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即将开发我们呼叫所体现的系统的新一代越来越自主和自学习系统。在将这些系统部署到真实上下文中,我们面临各种工程挑战,因为它以有益的方式协调所体现的系统的行为至关重要,确保他们与我们以人为本的社会价值观的兼容性,并且设计可验证安全可靠的人类-Machine互动。我们正在争辩说,引发系统工程将来自嵌入到体现系统的温室,并确保动态联合的可信度,这种情况意识到的情境意识,意图,探索,探险,不断发展,主要是不可预测的,越来越自主的体现系统在不确定,复杂和不可预测的现实世界环境中。我们还识别了许多迫切性的系统挑战,包括可信赖的体现系统,包括强大而人为的AI,认知架构,不确定性量化,值得信赖的自融化以及持续的分析和保证。
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在过去的十年中,数字双胞胎的概念在受欢迎程度上爆发了,但围绕其多个定义,其新颖性作为新技术的新颖性以及其实际适用性仍然存在,尽管进行了许多评论,调查和新闻稿,但其实际适用性仍然存在。探索了数字双胞胎一词的历史,以及其在产品生命周期管理,资产维护和设备车队管理,运营和计划领域的初始背景。还基于七个基本要素提供了一个最小可行的框架来利用数字双胞胎的定义。还概述了采用DT方法的DT应用程序和行业的简短旅行。预测维护领域突出了数字双胞胎框架的应用,并使用基于机器学习和基于物理的建模的扩展。采用机器学习和基于物理的建模的组合形成混合数字双胞胎框架,可以协同减轻隔离使用时每种方法的缺点。还讨论了实践实施数字双胞胎模型的关键挑战。随着数字双技术的快速增长及其成熟,预计将实现实质性增强工具和解决方案的巨大希望,以实现智能设备的智能维护。
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无线电接入网络(RAN)技术继续见证巨大的增长,开放式运行越来越最近的势头。在O-RAN规范中,RAN智能控制器(RIC)用作自动化主机。本文介绍了对O-RAN堆栈相关的机器学习(ML)的原则,特别是加强学习(RL)。此外,我们审查无线网络的最先进的研究,并将其投入到RAN框架和O-RAN架构的层次结构上。我们在整个开发生命周期中提供ML / RL模型面临的挑战的分类:从系统规范到生产部署(数据采集,模型设计,测试和管理等)。为了解决挑战,我们将一组现有的MLOPS原理整合,当考虑RL代理时,具有独特的特性。本文讨论了系统的生命周期模型开发,测试和验证管道,称为:RLOPS。我们讨论了RLOP的所有基本部分,包括:模型规范,开发和蒸馏,生产环境服务,运营监控,安全/安全和数据工程平台。根据这些原则,我们提出了最佳实践,以实现自动化和可重复的模型开发过程。
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信号处理是几乎任何传感器系统的基本组件,具有不同科学学科的广泛应用。时间序列数据,图像和视频序列包括可以增强和分析信息提取和量化的代表性形式的信号。人工智能和机器学习的最近进步正在转向智能,数据驱动,信号处理的研究。该路线图呈现了最先进的方法和应用程序的关键概述,旨在突出未来的挑战和对下一代测量系统的研究机会。它涵盖了广泛的主题,从基础到工业研究,以简明的主题部分组织,反映了每个研究领域的当前和未来发展的趋势和影响。此外,它为研究人员和资助机构提供了识别新前景的指导。
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机器人系统的长期自主权隐含地需要可靠的平台,这些平台能够自然处理硬件和软件故障,行为问题或缺乏知识。基于模型的可靠平台还需要在系统开发过程中应用严格的方法,包括使用正确的构造技术来实现机器人行为。随着机器人的自治水平的提高,提供系统可靠性的提供成本也会增加。我们认为,自主机器人的可靠性可靠性可以从几种认知功能,知识处理,推理和元评估的正式模型中受益。在这里,我们为自动机器人代理的认知体系结构的生成模型提出了案例,该模型订阅了基于模型的工程和可靠性,自主计算和知识支持机器人技术的原则。
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In recent years, the exponential proliferation of smart devices with their intelligent applications poses severe challenges on conventional cellular networks. Such challenges can be potentially overcome by integrating communication, computing, caching, and control (i4C) technologies. In this survey, we first give a snapshot of different aspects of the i4C, comprising background, motivation, leading technological enablers, potential applications, and use cases. Next, we describe different models of communication, computing, caching, and control (4C) to lay the foundation of the integration approach. We review current state-of-the-art research efforts related to the i4C, focusing on recent trends of both conventional and artificial intelligence (AI)-based integration approaches. We also highlight the need for intelligence in resources integration. Then, we discuss integration of sensing and communication (ISAC) and classify the integration approaches into various classes. Finally, we propose open challenges and present future research directions for beyond 5G networks, such as 6G.
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In this tutorial paper, we look into the evolution and prospect of network architecture and propose a novel conceptual architecture for the 6th generation (6G) networks. The proposed architecture has two key elements, i.e., holistic network virtualization and pervasive artificial intelligence (AI). The holistic network virtualization consists of network slicing and digital twin, from the aspects of service provision and service demand, respectively, to incorporate service-centric and user-centric networking. The pervasive network intelligence integrates AI into future networks from the perspectives of networking for AI and AI for networking, respectively. Building on holistic network virtualization and pervasive network intelligence, the proposed architecture can facilitate three types of interplay, i.e., the interplay between digital twin and network slicing paradigms, between model-driven and data-driven methods for network management, and between virtualization and AI, to maximize the flexibility, scalability, adaptivity, and intelligence for 6G networks. We also identify challenges and open issues related to the proposed architecture. By providing our vision, we aim to inspire further discussions and developments on the potential architecture of 6G.
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行为互联网(IOB)将人类行为放在工程智能连接系统的核心。 IOB将数字世界与人类行为联系起来建立人类驱动的设计,开发和适应过程。本文根据与软件工程师,人机互动科学家,社会科学家和认知科学社区互动的集体努力来定义IOB模型的新颖概念。基于IOB的模型,基于探索性研究,综合最先进的分析和专家访谈。真正的行业4.0制造基础设施的架构有助于解释IOB模型及其应用。概念模型用于成功为Uffizi画廊,意大利佛罗伦萨的人群监测和队列管理系统成功实施社会技术基础设施。该实验始于2016年秋季,并在2018年秋季进行运营,使用了一种数据驱动方法来使用实时感官数据来提供系统。它还在游客的移动行为上注入了预测模型。该系统的主要目标是捕捉人类行为,模型,并建立一种考虑变化,实时适应变化的机制,并不断从重复行为中学习。除了概念模型和现实生活评价外,本文还提供专家的建议,并为未来几年成为IOB成为一个重要的技术进步的未来指导。
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The pervasive application of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms is transforming many industries and aspects of the human experience. One very important industry trend is the move to convert existing human dwellings to smart buildings, and to create new smart buildings. Smart buildings aim to mitigate climate change by reducing energy consumption and associated carbon emissions. To accomplish this, they leverage artificial intelligence, big data, and machine learning algorithms to learn and optimize system performance. These fields of research are currently very rapidly evolving and advancing, but there has been very little guidance to help engineers and architects working on smart buildings apply artificial intelligence algorithms and technologies in a systematic and effective manner. In this paper we present B-SMART: the first reference architecture for autonomic smart buildings. B-SMART facilitates the application of artificial intelligence techniques and technologies to smart buildings by decoupling conceptually distinct layers of functionality and organizing them into an autonomic control loop. We also present a case study illustrating how B-SMART can be applied to accelerate the introduction of artificial intelligence into an existing smart building.
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人工智能(AI)治理调节行使权威和控制AI的管理。它旨在通过有效利用数据并最大程度地减少与AI相关的成本和风险来利用AI。尽管AI治理和AI伦理等主题在理论,哲学,社会和监管层面上进行了详尽的讨论,但针对公司和公司的AI治理工作有限。这项工作将AI产品视为系统,在该系统中,通过机器学习(ML)模型(培训)数据传递关键功能。我们通过在AI和相关领域(例如ML)合成文献来得出一个概念框架。我们的框架将AI治理分解为数据的治理,(ML)模型和(AI)系统沿着四个维度。它与现有的IT和数据治理框架和实践有关。它可以由从业者和学者都采用。对于从业者来说,主要是研究论文的综合,但从业者的出版物和监管机构的出版物也为实施AI治理提供了宝贵的起点,而对于学者来说,该论文强调了许多AI治理领域,值得更多关注。
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期望与成功采用AI来创新和改善业务之间仍然存在很大的差距。由于深度学习的出现,AI的采用率更为复杂,因为它经常结合大数据和物联网,从而影响数据隐私。现有的框架已经确定需要专注于以人为中心的设计,结合技术和业务/组织的观点。但是,信任仍然是一个关键问题,需要从一开始就设计。拟议的框架从以人为本的设计方法扩展,强调和维持基于该过程的信任。本文提出了负责人工智能(AI)实施的理论框架。拟议的框架强调了敏捷共同创造过程的协同业务技术方法。目的是简化AI的采用过程来通过在整个项目中参与所有利益相关者来创新和改善业务,以便AI技术的设计,开发和部署与人合作而不是孤立。该框架对基于分析文献综述,概念框架设计和从业者的中介专业知识的负责人AI实施提出了新的观点。该框架强调在以人为以人为中心的设计和敏捷发展中建立和维持信任。这种以人为中心的方式与设计原则的隐私相符和启用。该技术和最终用户的创建者正在共同努力,为业务需求和人类特征定制AI解决方案。关于采用AI来协助医院计划的说明性案例研究将证明该拟议框架适用于现实生活中的应用。
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虽然AI有利于人类,但如果没有适当发展,它也可能会损害人类。 HCI工作的重点是从与非AI计算系统的传统人类交互转换,以与AI系统交互。我们在HCI视角下开展了高级文献综述,对当前工作的整体分析。我们的审核和分析突出了AI技术引入的新变更以及HCI专业人员在AI系统开发中应用人以人为本的AI(HCAI)方法时,新挑战的新挑战。我们还确定了与AI系统人类互动的七个主要问题,其中HCI专业人员在开发非AI计算系统时没有遇到。为了进一步实现HCAI方法的实施,我们确定了与特定的HCAI驱动的设计目标相关的新的HCI机会,以指导HCI专业人员解决这些新问题。最后,我们对当前HCI方法的评估显示了这些方法支持开发AI系统的局限性。我们提出了可以帮助克服这些局限性的替代方法,并有效帮助HCI专业人员将HCAI方法应用于AI系统的发展。我们还为HCI专业人员提供战略建议,以有效影响利用HCAI方法的AI系统的发展,最终发展HCAI系统。
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通过分析大量数据来提供决策支持,大数据正在改革许多工业域。大数据测试旨在确保大数据系统在维护数据的性能和质量时运行平稳且无错误。但是,由于数据的多样性和复杂性,测试大数据具有挑战性。虽然众多研究对大数据测试进行了综合审查,但解决了测试技术和挑战的综合性尚未混淆。因此,我们对大数据测试技术(2010年 - 2021年)进行了系统审查。本文通过突出显示每个处理阶段的技术来讨论测试数据的处理。此外,我们讨论了挑战和未来的方向。我们的发现表明,已经使用不同的功能,非功能性和组合(功能和非功能性)测试技术来解决与大数据相关的特定问题。同时,在MapReduce验证阶段,大多数测试挑战都面临。此外,组合测试技术是与其他技术相结合的应用技术之一(即随机测试,突变测试,输入空间分区和等价测试),以解决在大数据测试期间面临的各种功能故障挑战。
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深度学习模式和地球观察的协同组合承诺支持可持续发展目标(SDGS)。新的发展和夸张的申请已经在改变人类将面临生活星球挑战的方式。本文审查了当前对地球观测数据的最深入学习方法,以及其在地球观测中深度学习的快速发展受到影响和实现最严重的SDG的应用。我们系统地审查案例研究至1)实现零饥饿,2)可持续城市,3)提供保管安全,4)减轻和适应气候变化,5)保留生物多样性。关注重要的社会,经济和环境影响。提前令人兴奋的时期即将到来,算法和地球数据可以帮助我们努力解决气候危机并支持更可持续发展的地方。
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Artificial intelligence (AI) in its various forms finds more and more its way into complex distributed systems. For instance, it is used locally, as part of a sensor system, on the edge for low-latency high-performance inference, or in the cloud, e.g. for data mining. Modern complex systems, such as connected vehicles, are often part of an Internet of Things (IoT). To manage complexity, architectures are described with architecture frameworks, which are composed of a number of architectural views connected through correspondence rules. Despite some attempts, the definition of a mathematical foundation for architecture frameworks that are suitable for the development of distributed AI systems still requires investigation and study. In this paper, we propose to extend the state of the art on architecture framework by providing a mathematical model for system architectures, which is scalable and supports co-evolution of different aspects for example of an AI system. Based on Design Science Research, this study starts by identifying the challenges with architectural frameworks. Then, we derive from the identified challenges four rules and we formulate them by exploiting concepts from category theory. We show how compositional thinking can provide rules for the creation and management of architectural frameworks for complex systems, for example distributed systems with AI. The aim of the paper is not to provide viewpoints or architecture models specific to AI systems, but instead to provide guidelines based on a mathematical formulation on how a consistent framework can be built up with existing, or newly created, viewpoints. To put in practice and test the approach, the identified and formulated rules are applied to derive an architectural framework for the EU Horizon 2020 project ``Very efficient deep learning in the IoT" (VEDLIoT) in the form of a case study.
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负责任的AI被广泛认为是我们时代最大的科学挑战之一,也是释放AI市场并增加采用率的关键。为了应对负责任的AI挑战,最近已经发布了许多AI伦理原则框架,AI系统应该符合这些框架。但是,没有进一步的最佳实践指导,从业者除了真实性之外没有什么。同样,在算法级别而不是系统级的算法上进行了重大努力,主要集中于数学无关的道德原则(例如隐私和公平)的一部分。然而,道德问题在开发生命周期的任何步骤中都可能发生,从而超过AI算法和模型以外的系统的许多AI,非AI和数据组件。为了从系统的角度操作负责任的AI,在本文中,我们采用了一种面向模式的方法,并根据系统的多媒体文献综述(MLR)的结果提出了负责任的AI模式目录。与其呆在道德原则层面或算法层面上,我们专注于AI系统利益相关者可以在实践中采取的模式,以确保开发的AI系统在整个治理和工程生命周期中负责。负责的AI模式编目将模式分为三组:多层次治理模式,可信赖的过程模式和负责任的逐设计产品模式。这些模式为利益相关者实施负责任的AI提供了系统性和可行的指导。
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is used to create more sustainable production methods and model climate change, making it a valuable tool in the fight against environmental degradation. This paper describes the paradox of an energy-consuming technology serving the ecological challenges of tomorrow. The study provides an overview of the sectors that use AI-based solutions for environmental protection. It draws on numerous examples from AI for Green players to present use cases and concrete examples. In the second part of the study, the negative impacts of AI on the environment and the emerging technological solutions to support Green AI are examined. It is also shown that the research on less energy-consuming AI is motivated more by cost and energy autonomy constraints than by environmental considerations. This leads to a rebound effect that favors an increase in the complexity of models. Finally, the need to integrate environmental indicators into algorithms is discussed. The environmental dimension is part of the broader ethical problem of AI, and addressing it is crucial for ensuring the sustainability of AI in the long term.
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