如今,智能高速公路交通网络在现代运输基础设施中发挥了重要作用。可以在高速公路交通网络中促进可变速度限制(VSL)系统,以提供有用的动态速度限制信息,供驾驶员增强安全性。这种系统通常以稳定的咨询速度设计,因此当驾驶员遵循速度时,流量可以顺利移动,而不是在充满差距并放慢拥堵时加速。但是,当驾驶员离开由VSL系统管理的道路网络时,对车辆行为的研究几乎没有引起关注,VSL系统可能在很大程度上涉及意外的加速,减速和频繁的车道变化,从而造成随后的高速公路道路使用者的混乱。在本文中,由于驾驶员在VSL系统之后的高速公路交通网络上的车道变更意图,我们将重点关注交通流量异常。更具体地说,我们将图形建模应用于流行的移动模拟器Sumo在路段级别生成的交通流数据。然后,我们使用拟议的Lane-GNN方案(注意时间表卷积神经网络)评估车道变化检测的性能,并将其性能与时间卷积神经网络(TCNN)作为我们的基线进行比较。我们的实验结果表明,在某些假设下,提出的巷道GNN可以在90秒内以99.42%的精度检测驾驶员的车道变化意图。最后,将一些解释方法应用于受过训练的模型,以进一步说明我们的发现。
translated by 谷歌翻译
建模城市环境中的网络级交通流量如何变化对于运输,公共安全和城市规划中的决策有用。交通流量系统可以视为一个动态过程,随着时间的推移,状态之间(例如,每个道路段的交通量)之间过渡。在现实世界中的流量系统中,诸如交通信号控制或可逆车道更改之类的交通操作动作,该系统的状态受历史状态和交通操作的行动的影响。在本文中,我们考虑了在现实世界中建模网络级交通流量的问题,在现实世界中,可用数据稀疏(即仅观察到交通系统的一部分)。我们提出了Dtignn,该方法可以预测稀疏数据的网络级流量流。 Dtignn将交通系统建模为受交通信号影响的动态图,学习以运输的基本过渡方程为基础的过渡模型,并预测未来的交通状态在此过程中归类。通过全面的实验,我们证明了我们的方法优于最先进的方法,并且可以更好地支持运输中的决策。
translated by 谷歌翻译
近年来,图形神经网络(GNN)与复发性神经网络(RNN)的变体相结合,在时空预测任务中达到了最先进的性能。对于流量预测,GNN模型使用道路网络的图形结构来解释链接和节点之间的空间相关性。最近的解决方案要么基于复杂的图形操作或避免预定义的图。本文提出了一种新的序列结构,以使用具有稀疏体系结构的GNN-RNN细胞在多个抽象的抽象上提取时空相关性,以减少训练时间与更复杂的设计相比。通过多个编码器编码相同的输入序列,并随着编码层的增量增加,使网络能够通过多级抽象来学习一般和详细的信息。我们进一步介绍了来自加拿大蒙特利尔的街道细分市场流量数据的新基准数据集。与高速公路不同,城市路段是循环的,其特征是复杂的空间依赖性。与基线方法相比,一小时预测的实验结果和我们的MSLTD街道级段数据集对我们的模型提高了7%以上,同时将计算资源要求提高了一半以上竞争方法。
translated by 谷歌翻译
准确的交通预测对于智能城市实现交通控制,路线计划和流动检测至关重要。尽管目前提出了许多时空方法,但这些方法在同步捕获流量数据的时空依赖性方面缺陷。此外,大多数方法忽略了随着流量数据的变化而产生的道路网络节点之间的动态变化相关性。我们建议基于神经网络的时空交互式动态图卷积网络(STIDGCN),以应对上述流量预测的挑战。具体而言,我们提出了一个交互式动态图卷积结构,该结构将序列划分为间隔,并通过交互式学习策略同步捕获流量数据的时空依赖性。交互式学习策略使StidGCN有效地预测。我们还提出了一个新颖的动态图卷积模块,以捕获由图生成器和融合图卷积组成的流量网络中动态变化的相关性。动态图卷积模块可以使用输入流量数据和预定义的图形结构来生成图形结构。然后将其与定义的自适应邻接矩阵融合,以生成动态邻接矩阵,该矩阵填充了预定义的图形结构,并模拟了道路网络中节点之间的动态关联的产生。在四个现实世界流量流数据集上进行的广泛实验表明,StidGCN的表现优于最先进的基线。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Motion prediction systems aim to capture the future behavior of traffic scenarios enabling autonomous vehicles to perform safe and efficient planning. The evolution of these scenarios is highly uncertain and depends on the interactions of agents with static and dynamic objects in the scene. GNN-based approaches have recently gained attention as they are well suited to naturally model these interactions. However, one of the main challenges that remains unexplored is how to address the complexity and opacity of these models in order to deal with the transparency requirements for autonomous driving systems, which includes aspects such as interpretability and explainability. In this work, we aim to improve the explainability of motion prediction systems by using different approaches. First, we propose a new Explainable Heterogeneous Graph-based Policy (XHGP) model based on an heterograph representation of the traffic scene and lane-graph traversals, which learns interaction behaviors using object-level and type-level attention. This learned attention provides information about the most important agents and interactions in the scene. Second, we explore this same idea with the explanations provided by GNNExplainer. Third, we apply counterfactual reasoning to provide explanations of selected individual scenarios by exploring the sensitivity of the trained model to changes made to the input data, i.e., masking some elements of the scene, modifying trajectories, and adding or removing dynamic agents. The explainability analysis provided in this paper is a first step towards more transparent and reliable motion prediction systems, important from the perspective of the user, developers and regulatory agencies. The code to reproduce this work is publicly available at https://github.com/sancarlim/Explainable-MP/tree/v1.1.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Accurate spatial-temporal traffic flow forecasting is essential for helping traffic managers to take control measures and drivers to choose the optimal travel routes. Recently, graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have been widely used in traffic flow prediction owing to their powerful ability to capture spatial-temporal dependencies. The design of the spatial-temporal graph adjacency matrix is a key to the success of GCNs, and it is still an open question. This paper proposes reconstructing the binary adjacency matrix via tensor decomposition, and a traffic flow forecasting method is proposed. First, we reformulate the spatial-temporal fusion graph adjacency matrix into a three-way adjacency tensor. Then, we reconstructed the adjacency tensor via Tucker decomposition, wherein more informative and global spatial-temporal dependencies are encoded. Finally, a Spatial-temporal Synchronous Graph Convolutional module for localized spatial-temporal correlations learning and a Dilated Convolution module for global correlations learning are assembled to aggregate and learn the comprehensive spatial-temporal dependencies of the road network. Experimental results on four open-access datasets demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in terms of the prediction performance and computational cost.
translated by 谷歌翻译
行动检测和公共交通安全是安全社区和更好社会的关键方面。使用不同的监视摄像机监视智能城市中的交通流量可以在识别事故和提醒急救人员中发挥重要作用。计算机视觉任务中的动作识别(AR)的利用为视频监视,医学成像和数字信号处理中的高精度应用做出了贡献。本文提出了一项密集的审查,重点是智能城市的事故检测和自动运输系统中的行动识别。在本文中,我们专注于使用各种交通视频捕获来源的AR系统,例如交通交叉点上的静态监视摄像头,高速公路监控摄像头,无人机摄像头和仪表板。通过这篇综述,我们确定了AR中用于自动运输和事故检测的主要技术,分类法和算法。我们还检查了AR任务中使用的数据集,并识别数据集的数据集和功能的主要来源。本文提供了潜在的研究方向,以开发和整合为自动驾驶汽车和公共交通安全系统的事故检测系统,通过警告紧急人员和执法部门,如果道路事故发生道路事故,以最大程度地减少事故报告中的人为错误,并对受害者提供自发的反应。
translated by 谷歌翻译
准确的交通状况预测为车辆环境协调和交通管制任务提供了坚实的基础。由于道路网络数据在空间分布中的复杂性以及深度学习方法的多样性,有效定义流量数据并充分捕获数据中复杂的空间非线性特征变得具有挑战性。本文将两种分层图池方法应用于流量预测任务,以减少图形信息冗余。首先,本文验证了流量预测任务中层次图池方法的有效性。分层图合并方法与其他基线在预测性能上形成鲜明对比。其次,应用了两种主流分层图池方法,节点群集池和节点下降池,用于分析流量预测中的优势和弱点。最后,对于上述图神经网络,本文比较了不同图网络输入对流量预测准确性的预测效应。分析和汇总定义图网络的有效方法。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Accurate short-term traffic prediction plays a pivotal role in various smart mobility operation and management systems. Currently, most of the state-of-the-art prediction models are based on graph neural networks (GNNs), and the required training samples are proportional to the size of the traffic network. In many cities, the available amount of traffic data is substantially below the minimum requirement due to the data collection expense. It is still an open question to develop traffic prediction models with a small size of training data on large-scale networks. We notice that the traffic states of a node for the near future only depend on the traffic states of its localized neighborhoods, which can be represented using the graph relational inductive biases. In view of this, this paper develops a graph network (GN)-based deep learning model LocaleGN that depicts the traffic dynamics using localized data aggregating and updating functions, as well as the node-wise recurrent neural networks. LocaleGN is a light-weighted model designed for training on few samples without over-fitting, and hence it can solve the problem of few-sample traffic prediction. The proposed model is examined on predicting both traffic speed and flow with six datasets, and the experimental results demonstrate that LocaleGN outperforms existing state-of-the-art baseline models. It is also demonstrated that the learned knowledge from LocaleGN can be transferred across cities. The research outcomes can help to develop light-weighted traffic prediction systems, especially for cities lacking historically archived traffic data.
translated by 谷歌翻译
本文为可以提取车辆间交互的自治车辆提供特定于自主车辆的驾驶员风险识别框架。在驾驶员认知方式下对城市驾驶场景进行了这种提取,以提高风险场景的识别准确性。首先,将群集分析应用于驱动程序的操作数据,以学习不同驱动程序风险场景的主观评估,并为每个场景生成相应的风险标签。其次,采用图形表示模型(GRM)统一和构建动态车辆,车间交互和静态交通标记的实际驾驶场景中的特征。驾驶员特定的风险标签提供了实践,以捕获不同司机的风险评估标准。此外,图形模型表示驾驶场景的多个功能。因此,所提出的框架可以了解不同驱动程序的驾驶场景的风险评估模式,并建立特定于驱动程序的风险标识符。最后,通过使用由多个驱动程序收集的现实世界城市驾驶数据集进行的实验评估所提出的框架的性能。结果表明,建议的框架可以准确地识别实际驾驶环境中的风险及其水平。
translated by 谷歌翻译
研究表明,自治车辆(AVS)在由人类驱动因素组成的交通环境中保守,不适应当地条件和社会文化规范。众所周知,如果存在理解人类驱动程序的行为,则可以设计社会意识的AVS。我们提出了一种利用机器学习来预测人类驱动程序的行为的方法。这类似于人类如何隐含地解释道路上司机的行为,只能观察其车辆的轨迹。我们使用图形理论工具从轨迹和机器学习中提取驾驶员行为特征,以在流量和驾驶员行为中获得车辆的提取轨迹之间的计算映射。与此域中的现有方法相比,我们证明我们的方法是强大的,一般的,并且可扩展到广泛的应用程序,如自主导航。我们评估我们在美国,印度,中国和新加坡捕获的现实世界交通数据集以及模拟中的方法。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Proper functioning of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) is crucial for the safety and efficiency of future intelligent transport systems. Meanwhile, transitioning to fully autonomous driving requires a long period of mixed autonomy traffic, including both CAVs and human-driven vehicles. Thus, collaboration decision-making for CAVs is essential to generate appropriate driving behaviors to enhance the safety and efficiency of mixed autonomy traffic. In recent years, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has been widely used in solving decision-making problems. However, the existing DRL-based methods have been mainly focused on solving the decision-making of a single CAV. Using the existing DRL-based methods in mixed autonomy traffic cannot accurately represent the mutual effects of vehicles and model dynamic traffic environments. To address these shortcomings, this article proposes a graph reinforcement learning (GRL) approach for multi-agent decision-making of CAVs in mixed autonomy traffic. First, a generic and modular GRL framework is designed. Then, a systematic review of DRL and GRL methods is presented, focusing on the problems addressed in recent research. Moreover, a comparative study on different GRL methods is further proposed based on the designed framework to verify the effectiveness of GRL methods. Results show that the GRL methods can well optimize the performance of multi-agent decision-making for CAVs in mixed autonomy traffic compared to the DRL methods. Finally, challenges and future research directions are summarized. This study can provide a valuable research reference for solving the multi-agent decision-making problems of CAVs in mixed autonomy traffic and can promote the implementation of GRL-based methods into intelligent transportation systems. The source code of our work can be found at https://github.com/Jacklinkk/Graph_CAVs.
translated by 谷歌翻译
智能运输系统(ITS)对可持续和绿色城市生活的发展至关重要。它是数据驱动的,并通过从气管到智能相机的传感器大量来启用。这项工作探索了基于基于光纤的分布式声传感器(DAS)的新型数据源,以进行交通分析。检测车辆的类型和估计车辆的占用是其主要关注点。第一个是由于需要跟踪,控制和预测交通流的动机。第二个目标是对高占用车辆车道的调节,以减少排放和拥堵。这些任务通常是通过检查车辆或使用新兴计算机视觉技术来执行的。前者不可扩展或有效,而后者对乘客的隐私有侵入性。为此,我们提出了一种深度学习技术,以分析DAS信号,以通过连续感应和不暴露个人信息来应对这一挑战。我们提出了一种处理DAS信号的深度学习方法,并基于在受控条件下收集的DAS数据来实现92%的车辆分类准确性和92-97%的占用检测。
translated by 谷歌翻译
我们都取决于流动性,车辆运输会影响我们大多数人的日常生活。因此,预测道路网络中流量状态的能力是一项重要的功能和具有挑战性的任务。流量数据通常是从部署在道路网络中的传感器获得的。关于时空图神经网络的最新建议通过将流量数据建模为扩散过程,在交通数据中建模复杂的时空相关性方面取得了巨大进展。但是,直观地,流量数据包含两种不同类型的隐藏时间序列信号,即扩散信号和固有信号。不幸的是,几乎所有以前的作品都将交通信号完全视为扩散的结果,同时忽略了固有的信号,这会对模型性能产生负面影响。为了提高建模性能,我们提出了一种新型的脱钩时空框架(DSTF),该框架以数据驱动的方式将扩散和固有的交通信息分开,其中包含独特的估计门和残差分解机制。分离的信号随后可以通过扩散和固有模块分别处理。此外,我们提出了DSTF的实例化,分离的动态时空图神经网络(D2STGNN),可捕获时空相关性,还具有动态图学习模块,该模块针对学习流量网络动态特征的学习。使用四个现实世界流量数据集进行的广泛实验表明,该框架能够推进最先进的框架。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Multi-modal fusion is a basic task of autonomous driving system perception, which has attracted many scholars' interest in recent years. The current multi-modal fusion methods mainly focus on camera data and LiDAR data, but pay little attention to the kinematic information provided by the bottom sensors of the vehicle, such as acceleration, vehicle speed, angle of rotation. These information are not affected by complex external scenes, so it is more robust and reliable. In this paper, we introduce the existing application fields of vehicle bottom information and the research progress of related methods, as well as the multi-modal fusion methods based on bottom information. We also introduced the relevant information of the vehicle bottom information data set in detail to facilitate the research as soon as possible. In addition, new future ideas of multi-modal fusion technology for autonomous driving tasks are proposed to promote the further utilization of vehicle bottom information.
translated by 谷歌翻译
由于精确定位传感器,人工智能(AI)的安全功能,自动驾驶系统,连接的车辆,高通量计算和边缘计算服务器的技术进步,驾驶安全分析最近经历了前所未有的改进。特别是,深度学习(DL)方法授权音量视频处理,从路边单元(RSU)捕获的大型视频中提取与安全相关的功能。安全指标是调查崩溃和几乎冲突事件的常用措施。但是,这些指标提供了对整个网络级流量管理的有限见解。另一方面,一些安全评估工作致力于处理崩溃报告,并确定与道路几何形状,交通量和天气状况相关的崩溃的空间和时间模式。这种方法仅依靠崩溃报告,而忽略了交通视频的丰富信息,这些信息可以帮助确定违规行为在崩溃中的作用。为了弥合这两个观点,我们定义了一组新的网络级安全指标(NSM),以通过处理RSU摄像机拍摄的图像来评估交通流的总体安全性。我们的分析表明,NSM显示出与崩溃率的显着统计关联。这种方法与简单地概括单个崩溃分析的结果不同,因为所有车辆都有助于计算NSM,而不仅仅是碰撞事件所涉及的NSM。该视角将交通流量视为一个复杂的动态系统,其中某些节点的动作可以通过网络传播并影响其他节点的崩溃风险。我们还提供了附录A中的代孕安全指标(SSM)的全面审查。
translated by 谷歌翻译
通常根据历史崩溃数据来实践道路的风险评估。有时缺少有关驾驶员行为和实时交通情况的信息。在本文中,安全的路线映射(SRM)模型是一种开发道路动态风险热图的方法,可扩展在做出预测时考虑驾驶员行为。 Android应用程序旨在收集驱动程序的信息并将其上传到服务器。在服务器上,面部识别提取了驱动程序的数据,例如面部地标,凝视方向和情绪。检测到驾驶员的嗜睡和分心,并评估驾驶性能。同时,动态的流量信息由路边摄像头捕获并上传到同一服务器。采用基于纵向扫描的动脉交通视频分析来识别视频中的车辆以建立速度和轨迹概况。基于这些数据,引入了LightGBM模型,以预测接下来一两秒钟的驾驶员的冲突指数。然后,使用模糊逻辑模型合并了多个数据源,包括历史崩溃计数和预测的交通冲突指标,以计算道路细分的风险评分。使用从实际的交通交叉点和驾驶模拟平台收集的数据来说明所提出的SRM模型。预测结果表明该模型是准确的,并且增加的驱动程序行为功能将改善模型的性能。最后,为可视化目的而生成风险热图。当局可以使用动态热图来指定安全的走廊,并调度执法部门以及驱动程序,以预警和行程计划。
translated by 谷歌翻译
交通速度预测是许多有价值应用程序的关键,由于其各种影响因素,它也是一项具有挑战性的任务。最近的工作试图通过各种混合模型获得更多信息,从而提高了预测准确性。但是,这些方法的空间信息采集方案存在两级分化问题。建模很简单,但包含很少的空间信息,或者建模是完整的,但缺乏灵活性。为了基于确保灵活性引入更多空间信息,本文提出了IRNET(可转让的交叉点重建网络)。首先,本文将相交重建为与相同结构的虚拟交集,从而简化了道路网络的拓扑结构。然后,将空间信息细分为交叉信息和交通流向的序列信息,并通过各种模型获得时空特征。第三,一种自我发项机制用于融合时空特征以进行预测。在与基线的比较实验中,不仅预测效应,而且转移性能具有明显的优势。
translated by 谷歌翻译
检测,预测和减轻交通拥堵是针对改善运输网络的服务水平的目标。随着对更高分辨率的更大数据集的访问,深度学习对这种任务的相关性正在增加。近年来几篇综合调查论文总结了运输领域的深度学习应用。然而,运输网络的系统动态在非拥挤状态和拥塞状态之间变化大大变化 - 从而需要清楚地了解对拥堵预测特异性特异性的挑战。在这项调查中,我们在与检测,预测和缓解拥堵相关的任务中,介绍了深度学习应用的当前状态。重复和非经常性充血是单独讨论的。我们的调查导致我们揭示了当前研究状态的固有挑战和差距。最后,我们向未来的研究方向提出了一些建议,因为所确定的挑战的答案。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Traffic state prediction in a transportation network is paramount for effective traffic operations and management, as well as informed user and system-level decision-making. However, long-term traffic prediction (beyond 30 minutes into the future) remains challenging in current research. In this work, we integrate the spatio-temporal dependencies in the transportation network from network modeling, together with the graph convolutional network (GCN) and graph attention network (GAT). To further tackle the dramatic computation and memory cost caused by the giant model size (i.e., number of weights) caused by multiple cascaded layers, we propose sparse training to mitigate the training cost, while preserving the prediction accuracy. It is a process of training using a fixed number of nonzero weights in each layer in each iteration. We consider the problem of long-term traffic speed forecasting for a real large-scale transportation network data from the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) Performance Measurement System (PeMS). Experimental results show that the proposed GCN-STGT and GAT-STGT models achieve low prediction errors on short-, mid- and long-term prediction horizons, of 15, 30 and 45 minutes in duration, respectively. Using our sparse training, we could train from scratch with high sparsity (e.g., up to 90%), equivalent to 10 times floating point operations per second (FLOPs) reduction on computational cost using the same epochs as dense training, and arrive at a model with very small accuracy loss compared with the original dense training
translated by 谷歌翻译