最近，通过“向导”模拟游戏收集了一类以任务为导向的对话（TOD）数据集。但是，《巫师》数据实际上是模拟的数据，因此与现实生活中的对话根本不同，这些对话更加嘈杂和随意。最近，Seretod挑战赛是组织的，并发布了Mobilecs数据集，该数据集由来自中国移动的真实用户和客户服务人员之间的真实世界对话框组成。基于Mobilecs数据集，Seretod挑战具有两个任务，不仅评估了对话系统本身的构建，而且还检查了对话框成绩单中的信息提取，这对于建立TOD的知识库至关重要。本文主要介绍了Mobilecs数据集对这两项任务的基线研究。我们介绍了如何构建两个基线，遇到的问题以及结果。我们预计基线可以促进令人兴奋的未来研究，以建立针对现实生活任务的人类机器人对话系统。

与EMNLP2022 SERETOD车间共同划分的半监督和增强任务的对话系统的挑战。

Recent advances in neural approaches greatly improve task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems which assist users to accomplish their goals. However, such systems rely on costly manually labeled dialogs which are not available in practical scenarios. In this paper, we present our models for Track 2 of the SereTOD 2022 challenge, which is the first challenge of building semi-supervised and reinforced TOD systems on a large-scale real-world Chinese TOD dataset MobileCS. We build a knowledge-grounded dialog model to formulate dialog history and local KB as input and predict the system response. And we perform semi-supervised pre-training both on the labeled and unlabeled data. Our system achieves the first place both in the automatic evaluation and human interaction, especially with higher BLEU (+7.64) and Success (+13.6\%) than the second place.

Even though machine learning has become the major scene in dialogue research community, the real breakthrough has been blocked by the scale of data available. To address this fundamental obstacle, we introduce the Multi-Domain Wizard-of-Oz dataset (MultiWOZ), a fully-labeled collection of human-human written conversations spanning over multiple domains and topics. At a size of 10k dialogues, it is at least one order of magnitude larger than all previous annotated task-oriented corpora. The contribution of this work apart from the open-sourced dataset labelled with dialogue belief states and dialogue actions is two-fold: firstly, a detailed description of the data collection procedure along with a summary of data structure and analysis is provided. The proposed data-collection pipeline is entirely based on crowd-sourcing without the need of hiring professional annotators; secondly, a set of benchmark results of belief tracking, dialogue act and response generation is reported, which shows the usability of the data and sets a baseline for future studies.

Task-oriented dialog(TOD) aims to assist users in achieving specific goals through multi-turn conversation. Recently, good results have been obtained based on large pre-trained models. However, the labeled-data scarcity hinders the efficient development of TOD systems at scale. In this work, we constructed a weakly supervised dataset based on a teacher/student paradigm that leverages a large collection of unlabelled dialogues. Furthermore, we built a modular dialogue system and integrated coarse-to-fine grained classification for user intent detection. Experiments show that our method can reach the dialog goal with a higher success rate and generate more coherent responses.

如何有效地构建和使用对话数据，以及如何在不同域中在不同域中部署模型可能是建立面向任务的对话系统的两个关键问题。在本文中，我们提出了一种新颖的手动指导对话方案，以减轻这些问题，在该方案中，代理商从对话和手册中学习任务。该手册是一个非结构化的文本文档，可指导代理在对话过程中与用户和数据库进行交互。我们提出的方案降低了对话模型对细粒领域本体的依赖性，并使它们更灵活以适应各种领域。然后，我们为完全注销的多域数据集Magdial贡献以支持我们的方案。它介绍了三个对话建模子任务：指令匹配，参数填充和响应生成。对这些子任务进行建模与人类代理的行为模式一致。实验表明，手动引导对话方案提高了构建对话系统中的数据效率和域可伸缩性。数据集和基准将公开用于促进未来的研究。

与具有粗粒度信息的Crosswoz（中文）和多发性（英文）数据集相比，没有数据集，可以正确处理细粒度和分层级别信息。在本文中，我们在香港发布了一份粤语知识驱动的对话数据集（KDDRES），将多转谈话中的信息放在一个特定的餐厅。我们的语料库包含0.8k次谈话，它来自10家餐厅，提供不同地区的各种风格。除此之外，我们还设计了细粒度的插槽和意图，以更好地捕获语义信息。基准实验和数据统计分析显示了我们数据集的多样性和丰富的注释。我们认为，KDDRE的出版可以是当前对话数据集的必要补充，以及社会中小企业（中小企业）更适合和更有价值，如为每家餐馆建立定制的对话系统。语料库和基准模型是公开可用的。

在与用户进行交流时，以任务为导向的对话系统必须根据对话历史记录在每个回合时跟踪用户的需求。这个称为对话状态跟踪（DST）的过程至关重要，因为它直接告知下游对话政策。近年来，DST引起了很大的兴趣，文本到文本范式作为受欢迎的方法。在本评论论文中，我们首先介绍任务及其相关的数据集。然后，考虑到最近出版的大量出版物，我们确定了2021 - 2022年研究的重点和研究进展。尽管神经方法已经取得了重大进展，但我们认为对话系统（例如概括性）的某些关键方面仍未得到充实。为了激励未来的研究，我们提出了几种研究途径。

在过去的十年中，对对话系统的兴趣已经大大增长。从扩展过程中，也有兴趣开发和改进意图分类和插槽填充模型，这是两个组件，这些组件通常在以任务为导向的对话框系统中使用。此外，良好的评估基准对于帮助比较和分析结合此类模型的系统很重要。不幸的是，该领域的许多文献仅限于对相对较少的基准数据集的分析。为了促进针对任务的对话系统的更强大的分析，我们对意图分类和插槽填充任务进行了公开可用数据集的调查。我们分类每个数据集的重要特征，并就每个数据集的适用性，优势和劣势进行讨论。我们的目标是，这项调查有助于提高这些数据集的可访问性，我们希望它们能够在未来评估意图分类和填充插槽模型中用于以任务为导向的对话框系统。

这项工作提出了一个新的对话数据集，即cookdial，该数据集促进了对任务知识了解的面向任务的对话系统的研究。该语料库包含260个以人类对任务为导向的对话框，其中代理给出了配方文档，指导用户烹饪菜肴。 Cookdial中的对话框展示了两个独特的功能：（i）对话流与支持文档之间的程序对齐； （ii）复杂的代理决策涉及分割长句子，解释硬说明并在对话框上下文中解决核心。此外，我们在假定的面向任务的对话框系统中确定了三个具有挑战性的（子）任务：（1）用户问题理解，（2）代理操作框架预测和（3）代理响应生成。对于这些任务中的每一个，我们都会开发一个神经基线模型，我们在cookdial数据集上进行了评估。我们公开发布烹饪数据集，包括对话框和食谱文档的丰富注释，以刺激对特定于域的文档接地对话框系统的进一步研究。

针对任务导向的对话系统的强大状态跟踪目前仍然限于一些流行语言。本文显示，给定以一种语言设置的大规模对话数据，我们可以使用机器翻译自动为其他语言生成有效的语义解析器。我们提出了对话数据集的自动翻译，并进行对齐，以确保插槽值的忠实翻译，并消除以前的基准中使用的昂贵人类监督。我们还提出了一种新的上下文语义解析模型，它编码正式的插槽和值，只有最后一个代理和用户话语。我们表明，简洁的表示降低了翻译误差的复合效果，而不会损害实践中的准确性。我们评估我们对几个对话状态跟踪基准的方法。在Risawoz，Crosswoz，Crosswoz-Zh和Multiwoz-Zh Datasets，我们将最先进的技术提高11％，17％，20％和0.3％，以共同的目标准确度。我们为所有三个数据集提供了全面的错误分析，显示错误注释可以模糊模型质量的判断。最后，我们使用推荐方法创建了Risawoz英语和德语数据集。在这些数据集中，准确性在原始的11％以内，表示可能的高精度多语言对话数据集，而无需依赖昂贵的人类注释。

Virtual assistants such as Google Assistant, Alexa and Siri provide a conversational interface to a large number of services and APIs spanning multiple domains. Such systems need to support an ever-increasing number of services with possibly overlapping functionality. Furthermore, some of these services have little to no training data available. Existing public datasets for task-oriented dialogue do not sufficiently capture these challenges since they cover few domains and assume a single static ontology per domain. In this work, we introduce the the Schema-Guided Dialogue (SGD) dataset, containing over 16k multi-domain conversations spanning 16 domains. Our dataset exceeds the existing task-oriented dialogue corpora in scale, while also highlighting the challenges associated with building large-scale virtual assistants. It provides a challenging testbed for a number of tasks including language understanding, slot filling, dialogue state tracking and response generation. Along the same lines, we present a schema-guided paradigm for task-oriented dialogue, in which predictions are made over a dynamic set of intents and slots, provided as input, using their natural language descriptions. This allows a single dialogue system to easily support a large number of services and facilitates simple integration of new services without requiring additional training data. Building upon the proposed paradigm, we release a model for dialogue state tracking capable of zero-shot generalization to new APIs, while remaining competitive in the regular setting.

Training dialogue systems often entails dealing with noisy training examples and unexpected user inputs. Despite their prevalence, there currently lacks an accurate survey of dialogue noise, nor is there a clear sense of the impact of each noise type on task performance. This paper addresses this gap by first constructing a taxonomy of noise encountered by dialogue systems. In addition, we run a series of experiments to show how different models behave when subjected to varying levels of noise and types of noise. Our results reveal that models are quite robust to label errors commonly tackled by existing denoising algorithms, but that performance suffers from dialogue-specific noise. Driven by these observations, we design a data cleaning algorithm specialized for conversational settings and apply it as a proof-of-concept for targeted dialogue denoising.

One of the biggest challenges of natural language generation (NLG) is the proper handling of named entities. Named entities are a common source of grammar mistakes such as wrong prepositions, wrong article handling, or incorrect entity inflection. Without factoring linguistic representation, such errors are often underrepresented when evaluating on a small set of arbitrarily picked argument values, or when translating a dataset from a linguistically simpler language, like English, to a linguistically complex language, like Russian. However, for some applications, broadly precise grammatical correctness is critical -- native speakers may find entity-related grammar errors silly, jarring, or even offensive. To enable the creation of more linguistically diverse NLG datasets, we release a Corpus of Linguistically Significant Entities (CLSE) annotated by linguist experts. The corpus includes 34 languages and covers 74 different semantic types to support various applications from airline ticketing to video games. To demonstrate one possible use of CLSE, we produce an augmented version of the Schema-Guided Dialog Dataset, SGD-CLSE. Using the CLSE's entities and a small number of human translations, we create a linguistically representative NLG evaluation benchmark in three languages: French (high-resource), Marathi (low-resource), and Russian (highly inflected language). We establish quality baselines for neural, template-based, and hybrid NLG systems and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each approach.

以任务为导向的对话系统（TDSS）主要在离线设置或人类评估中评估。评估通常仅限于单转或非常耗时。作为替代方案，模拟用户行为的用户模拟器使我们能够考虑一组广泛的用户目标，以生成类似人类的对话以进行模拟评估。使用现有的用户模拟器来评估TDSS是具有挑战性的，因为用户模拟器主要旨在优化TDSS的对话策略，并且评估功能有限。此外，对用户模拟器的评估是一个开放的挑战。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个用于端到端TDS评估的隐喻用户模拟器，如果它在与系统的交互中模拟用户的类似思维，则定义模拟器是隐喻的。我们还提出了一个基于测试人员的评估框架，以生成变体，即具有不同功能的对话系统。我们的用户模拟器构建了一个隐喻的用户模型，该模型通过参考遇到新项目时的先验知识来帮助模拟器进行推理。我们通过检查模拟器与变体之间的模拟相互作用来估计模拟器的质量。我们的实验是使用三个TDS数据集进行的。与基于议程的模拟器和三个数据集上的SEQ2SEQ模型相比，隐喻用户模拟器与手动评估的一致性更好。我们的测试人员框架展示了效率，并且可以更好地概括和可扩展性，因为它可以适用于多个域中的对话和多个任务，例如对话建议和电子商务对话。

End-to-end task bots are typically learned over a static and usually limited-size corpus. However, when deployed in dynamic, changing, and open environments to interact with users, task bots tend to fail when confronted with data that deviate from the training corpus, i.e., out-of-distribution samples. In this paper, we study the problem of automatically adapting task bots to changing environments by learning from human-bot interactions with minimum or zero human annotations. We propose SL-AGENT, a novel self-learning framework for building end-to-end task bots. SL-AGENT consists of a dialog model and a pre-trained reward model to predict the quality of an agent response. It enables task bots to automatically adapt to changing environments by learning from the unlabeled human-bot dialog logs accumulated after deployment via reinforcement learning with the incorporated reward model. Experimental results on four well-studied dialog tasks show the effectiveness of SL-AGENT to automatically adapt to changing environments, using both automatic and human evaluations. We will release code and data for further research.

The rapid development of aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) within recent decades shows great potential for real-world society. The current ABSA works, however, are mostly limited to the scenario of a single text piece, leaving the study in dialogue contexts unexplored. In this work, we introduce a novel task of conversational aspect-based sentiment quadruple analysis, namely DiaASQ, aiming to detect the sentiment quadruple of target-aspect-opinion-sentiment in a dialogue. DiaASQ bridges the gap between fine-grained sentiment analysis and conversational opinion mining. We manually construct a large-scale, high-quality Chinese dataset and also obtain the English version dataset via manual translation. We deliberately propose a neural model to benchmark the task. It advances in effectively performing end-to-end quadruple prediction and manages to incorporate rich dialogue-specific and discourse feature representations for better cross-utterance quadruple extraction. We finally point out several potential future works to facilitate the follow-up research of this new task. The DiaASQ data is open at https://github.com/unikcc/DiaASQ

医疗对话系统（MDSS）旨在协助医生和患者一系列专业医疗服务，即诊断，咨询和治疗。但是，一站式MDS仍然是未开发的，因为：（1）没有数据集如此大规模对话包含多种医疗服务和细粒度的医疗标签（即，意图，插槽，值）; （2）没有模型已经根据统一框架中的多服务对话解决了MDS。在这项工作中，我们首先建立一个多域多次服务医学对话（M ^ 2-Meddialog）数据集，其中包含医生和患者的1,557种对话，涵盖276种疾病，2,468种医学实体和3种医疗服务专业。据我们所知，它是唯一包括多种医疗服务和细粒度医疗标签的医疗对话数据集。然后，我们将一站式MDS制定为序列到序列生成问题。我们分别统一MDS，具有因果语言建模和条件因果语言建模。具体而言，我们采用了几种预磨料模型（即，Bert-WWM，BERT-MED，GPT2和MT5）及其变体，以在M ^ 2-MedDialog数据集上获取基准。我们还提出了伪标签和自然扰动方法来扩展M2-MedDialog数据集，并增强最先进的预磨损模型。我们展示了到目前为止通过对M2-MEDDIALOG的大量实验来实现的结果。我们释放DataSet，代码以及评估脚本，以促进在这方面的未来研究。

本文介绍了端到端以任务为导向的对话（TOD）的本体学预验证的语言模型（OPAL）。与Chit-Chat对话模型不同，面向任务的对话模型至少满足两个特定于任务的模块：对话状态跟踪器（DST）和响应生成器（RG）。对话状态由域插槽值三元组成，它们被认为是用户搜索与域相关数据库的约束。带有带注释的对话状态的大规模面向任务的对话数据通常是无法访问的。它可以防止针对任务对话的审慎语言模型的开发。我们提出了一种简单而有效的预处理方法来减轻此问题，该方法由两个预审进阶段组成。第一阶段是在大规模上下文文本数据上预处理，其中文本的结构化信息是由信息提取工具提取的。为了弥合训练方法和下游任务之间的差距，我们设计了两个预训练的任务：类似于本体的三重恢复和下一文本生成，分别模拟了DST和RG。第二阶段是在TOD数据上微调验证的模型。实验结果表明，即使没有CAMREST676和MULTIWOZ基准的任何TOD数据，我们提出的方法即使没有任何TOD数据，我们提出的方法也可以提高竞争性能。

在本文中，我们建议将面向任务导向的对话系统作为纯粹的自然语言生成任务，以便充分利用像GPT-2这样的大规模预训练模型，并简化了复杂的光学化预备。然而，直接应用这种方法严重遭受了通过删除了替代令牌而导致的对话实体不一致，以及在微调期间灾害模型的灾难性遗忘问题，导致表现不令人满意。为了缓解这些问题，我们设计了一种新颖的GPT-Adapter-CopyNet网络，它将轻量级适配器和CopyNet模块包含到GPT-2中，以实现转移学习和对话实体生成的更好性能。在DSTC8轨道1基准和多种数据集上进行的实验结果表明，我们的建议方法显着优于基线模型，在自动和人类评估中具有显着性能。