我们在历史上有一个独特的时刻，在那里有一个技术的融合，这将在一起将转化为改变神经外科的做法。这些技术转型将是全包的，包括改进的工具和方法，包括用于神经外科，异步神经外科训练和仿真的可扩展解决方案的改进的工具和方法，以及可操作数据的广泛聚合，允许质量评估，计费，结果措施的基本变化，以及传播手术最佳实践。能够更安全，更有效地进行手术，同时捕获操作细节并解析操作的每个组件，将开放完全新的时期推进我们的领域和所有手术特生。手术室内所有组件的数字化将使我们利用计算机和计算科学中的各种领域，以获得新的见解，以提高最高质量的神经外科，无论位置如何。神经外科的民主化是在手上的，并将受到我们的发展，提取和采用现代世界的这些工具的推动。虚拟现实提供了面向消费者的技术在工业和医学中发现明确作用的良好示例，并作为各种计算机科学技术汇合创造新的范式以扩大人类能力和相互作用的显着例子。作者描述了已经到来的技术生态系统，并突出了一个无数的计算和数据科学，以便在不久的将来能够进行操作室。

数字化和自动化方面的快速进步导致医疗保健的加速增长，从而产生了新型模型，这些模型正在创造新的渠道，以降低成本。 Metaverse是一项在数字空间中的新兴技术，在医疗保健方面具有巨大的潜力，为患者和医生带来了现实的经验。荟萃分析是多种促成技术的汇合，例如人工智能，虚拟现实，增强现实，医疗设备，机器人技术，量子计算等。通过哪些方向可以探索提供优质医疗保健治疗和服务的新方向。这些技术的合并确保了身临其境，亲密和个性化的患者护理。它还提供自适应智能解决方案，以消除医疗保健提供者和接收器之间的障碍。本文对医疗保健的荟萃分析提供了全面的综述，强调了最新技术的状态，即采用医疗保健元元的能力技术，潜在的应用程序和相关项目。还确定了用于医疗保健应用的元元改编的问题，并强调了合理的解决方案作为未来研究方向的一部分。

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is transforming the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by enhancing the trust of end-users in machines. As the number of connected devices keeps on growing, the Internet of Things (IoT) market needs to be trustworthy for the end-users. However, existing literature still lacks a systematic and comprehensive survey work on the use of XAI for IoT. To bridge this lacking, in this paper, we address the XAI frameworks with a focus on their characteristics and support for IoT. We illustrate the widely-used XAI services for IoT applications, such as security enhancement, Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), Industrial IoT (IIoT), and Internet of City Things (IoCT). We also suggest the implementation choice of XAI models over IoT systems in these applications with appropriate examples and summarize the key inferences for future works. Moreover, we present the cutting-edge development in edge XAI structures and the support of sixth-generation (6G) communication services for IoT applications, along with key inferences. In a nutshell, this paper constitutes the first holistic compilation on the development of XAI-based frameworks tailored for the demands of future IoT use cases.

在迅速增长的海上风电场市场中出现了增加风力涡轮机尺寸和距离的全球趋势。在英国，海上风电业于2019年生产了英国最多的电力，前一年增加了19.6％。目前，英国将进一步增加产量，旨在增加安装的涡轮机容量74.7％，如最近的冠村租赁轮次反映。通过如此巨大的增长，该部门现在正在寻求机器人和人工智能（RAI），以解决生命周期服务障碍，以支持可持续和有利可图的海上风能生产。如今，RAI应用主要用于支持运营和维护的短期目标。然而，前进，RAI在海上风基础设施的全部生命周期中有可能发挥关键作用，从测量，规划，设计，物流，运营支持，培训和退役。本文介绍了离岸可再生能源部门的RAI的第一个系统评论之一。在当前和未来的要求方面，在行业和学术界的离岸能源需求分析了rai的最先进的。我们的评论还包括对支持RAI的投资，监管和技能开发的详细评估。通过专利和学术出版数据库进行详细分析确定的关键趋势，提供了对安全合规性和可靠性的自主平台认证等障碍的见解，这是自主车队中可扩展性的数字架构，适应性居民运营和优化的适应性规划人机互动对人与自治助理的信赖伙伴关系。

随着物联网（IoT）和5G/6G无线通信的进步，近年来，移动计算的范式已经显着发展，从集中式移动云计算到分布式雾计算和移动边缘计算（MEC）。 MEC将计算密集型任务推向网络的边缘，并将资源尽可能接近端点，以解决有关存储空间，资源优化，计算性能和效率方面的移动设备缺点。与云计算相比，作为分布式和更紧密的基础架构，MEC与其他新兴技术的收敛性，包括元元，6G无线通信，人工智能（AI）和区块链，也解决了网络资源分配的问题，更多的网络负载，更多的网络负载，以及延迟要求。因此，本文研究了用于满足现代应用程序严格要求的计算范例。提供了MEC在移动增强现实（MAR）中的应用程序方案。此外，这项调查提出了基于MEC的元元的动机，并将MEC的应用介绍给了元元。特别强调上述一组技术融合，例如6G具有MEC范式，通过区块链加强MEC等。

In the Metaverse, the physical space and the virtual space co-exist, and interact simultaneously. While the physical space is virtually enhanced with information, the virtual space is continuously refreshed with real-time, real-world information. To allow users to process and manipulate information seamlessly between the real and digital spaces, novel technologies must be developed. These include smart interfaces, new augmented realities, efficient storage and data management and dissemination techniques. In this paper, we first discuss some promising co-space applications. These applications offer opportunities that neither of the spaces can realize on its own. We then discuss challenges. Finally, we discuss and envision what are likely to be required from the database and system perspectives.

In recent years, the exponential proliferation of smart devices with their intelligent applications poses severe challenges on conventional cellular networks. Such challenges can be potentially overcome by integrating communication, computing, caching, and control (i4C) technologies. In this survey, we first give a snapshot of different aspects of the i4C, comprising background, motivation, leading technological enablers, potential applications, and use cases. Next, we describe different models of communication, computing, caching, and control (4C) to lay the foundation of the integration approach. We review current state-of-the-art research efforts related to the i4C, focusing on recent trends of both conventional and artificial intelligence (AI)-based integration approaches. We also highlight the need for intelligence in resources integration. Then, we discuss integration of sensing and communication (ISAC) and classify the integration approaches into various classes. Finally, we propose open challenges and present future research directions for beyond 5G networks, such as 6G.

超越地球轨道的人类空间勘探将涉及大量距离和持续时间的任务。为了有效减轻无数空间健康危害，数据和空间健康系统的范式转移是实现地球独立性的，而不是Earth-Reliance所必需的。有希望在生物学和健康的人工智能和机器学习领域的发展可以解决这些需求。我们提出了一个适当的自主和智能精密空间健康系统，可以监控，汇总和评估生物医学状态;分析和预测个性化不良健康结果;适应并响应新累积的数据;并提供对其船员医务人员的个人深度空间机组人员和迭代决策支持的预防性，可操作和及时的见解。在这里，我们介绍了美国国家航空航天局组织的研讨会的建议摘要，以便在太空生物学和健康中未来的人工智能应用。在未来十年，生物监测技术，生物标志科学，航天器硬件，智能软件和简化的数据管理必须成熟，并编织成精确的空间健康系统，以使人类在深空中茁壮成长。

MetaVerse，巨大的虚拟物理网络空间，为艺术家带来了前所未有的机会，将我们的身体环境的每个角落与数字创造力混合。本文对计算艺术进行了全面的调查，其中七个关键主题与成权相关，描述了混合虚拟物理现实中的新颖艺术品。主题首先涵盖了MetaVerse的建筑元素，例如虚拟场景和字符，听觉，文本元素。接下来，已经反映了诸如沉浸式艺术，机器人艺术和其他用户以其他用户的方法提供了沉浸式艺术，机器人艺术和其他用户中心的若干非凡类型的新颖创作。最后，我们提出了几项研究议程：民主化的计算艺术，数字隐私和搬迁艺术家的安全性，为数字艺术品，技术挑战等等的所有权认可。该调查还担任艺术家和搬迁技术人员的介绍材料，以开始在超现实主义网络空间领域创造。

使用人工智能（AI）赋予无线网络中数据量的前所未有的数据量激增，为提供无处不在的数据驱动智能服务而开辟了新的视野。通过集中收集数据集和培训模型来实现传统的云彩中心学习（ML）基础的服务。然而，这种传统的训练技术包括两个挑战：（i）由于数据通信增加而导致的高通信和能源成本，（ii）通过允许不受信任的各方利用这些信息来威胁数据隐私。最近，鉴于这些限制，一种新兴的新兴技术，包括联合学习（FL），以使ML带到无线网络的边缘。通过以分布式方式培训全局模型，可以通过FL Server策划的全局模型来提取数据孤岛的好处。 FL利用分散的数据集和参与客户的计算资源，在不影响数据隐私的情况下开发广义ML模型。在本文中，我们介绍了对FL的基本面和能够实现技术的全面调查。此外，提出了一个广泛的研究，详细说明了无线网络中的流体的各种应用，并突出了他们的挑战和局限性。进一步探索了FL的疗效，其新兴的前瞻性超出了第五代（B5G）和第六代（6G）通信系统。本调查的目的是在关键的无线技术中概述了流动的技术，这些技术将作为建立对该主题的坚定了解的基础。最后，我们向未来的研究方向提供前进的道路。

信号处理是几乎任何传感器系统的基本组件，具有不同科学学科的广泛应用。时间序列数据，图像和视频序列包括可以增强和分析信息提取和量化的代表性形式的信号。人工智能和机器学习的最近进步正在转向智能，数据驱动，信号处理的研究。该路线图呈现了最先进的方法和应用程序的关键概述，旨在突出未来的挑战和对下一代测量系统的研究机会。它涵盖了广泛的主题，从基础到工业研究，以简明的主题部分组织，反映了每个研究领域的当前和未来发展的趋势和影响。此外，它为研究人员和资助机构提供了识别新前景的指导。

The Internet of Senses (IoS) holds the promise of flawless telepresence-style communication for all human `receptors' and therefore blurs the difference of virtual and real environments. We commence by highlighting the compelling use cases empowered by the IoS and also the key network requirements. We then elaborate on how the emerging semantic communications and Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML) paradigms along with 6G technologies may satisfy the requirements of IoS use cases. On one hand, semantic communications can be applied for extracting meaningful and significant information and hence efficiently exploit the resources and for harnessing a priori information at the receiver to satisfy IoS requirements. On the other hand, AI/ML facilitates frugal network resource management by making use of the enormous amount of data generated in IoS edge nodes and devices, as well as by optimizing the IoS performance via intelligent agents. However, the intelligent agents deployed at the edge are not completely aware of each others' decisions and the environments of each other, hence they operate in a partially rather than fully observable environment. Therefore, we present a case study of Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDP) for improving the User Equipment (UE) throughput and energy consumption, as they are imperative for IoS use cases, using Reinforcement Learning for astutely activating and deactivating the component carriers in carrier aggregation. Finally, we outline the challenges and open issues of IoS implementations and employing semantic communications, edge intelligence as well as learning under partial observability in the IoS context.

机器学习传感器代表了嵌入式机器学习应用程序未来的范式转移。当前的嵌入式机器学习（ML）实例化遭受了复杂的整合，缺乏模块化以及数据流动的隐私和安全问题。本文提出了一个以数据为中心的范式，用于将传感器智能嵌入边缘设备上，以应对这些挑战。我们对“传感器2.0”的愿景需要将传感器输入数据和ML处理从硬件级别隔离到更广泛的系统，并提供一个薄的界面，以模拟传统传感器的功能。这种分离导致模块化且易于使用的ML传感器设备。我们讨论了将ML处理构建到嵌入式系统上控制微处理器的软件堆栈中的标准方法所带来的挑战，以及ML传感器的模块化如何减轻这些问题。 ML传感器提高了隐私和准确性，同时使系统构建者更容易将ML集成到其产品中，以简单的组件。我们提供了预期的ML传感器和说明性数据表的例子，以表现出来，并希望这将建立对话使我们朝着传感器2.0迈进。

Digital engineering transformation is a crucial process for the engineering paradigm shifts in the fourth industrial revolution (4IR), and artificial intelligence (AI) is a critical enabling technology in digital engineering transformation. This article discusses the following research questions: What are the fundamental changes in the 4IR? More specifically, what are the fundamental changes in engineering? What is digital engineering? What are the main uncertainties there? What is trustworthy AI? Why is it important today? What are emerging engineering paradigm shifts in the 4IR? What is the relationship between the data-intensive paradigm and digital engineering transformation? What should we do for digitalization? From investigating the pattern of industrial revolutions, this article argues that ubiquitous machine intelligence (uMI) is the defining power brought by the 4IR. Digitalization is a condition to leverage ubiquitous machine intelligence. Digital engineering transformation towards Industry 4.0 has three essential building blocks: digitalization of engineering, leveraging ubiquitous machine intelligence, and building digital trust and security. The engineering design community at large is facing an excellent opportunity to bring the new capabilities of ubiquitous machine intelligence and trustworthy AI principles, as well as digital trust, together in various engineering systems design to ensure the trustworthiness of systems in Industry 4.0.

期望与成功采用AI来创新和改善业务之间仍然存在很大的差距。由于深度学习的出现，AI的采用率更为复杂，因为它经常结合大数据和物联网，从而影响数据隐私。现有的框架已经确定需要专注于以人为中心的设计，结合技术和业务/组织的观点。但是，信任仍然是一个关键问题，需要从一开始就设计。拟议的框架从以人为本的设计方法扩展，强调和维持基于该过程的信任。本文提出了负责人工智能（AI）实施的理论框架。拟议的框架强调了敏捷共同创造过程的协同业务技术方法。目的是简化AI的采用过程来通过在整个项目中参与所有利益相关者来创新和改善业务，以便AI技术的设计，开发和部署与人合作而不是孤立。该框架对基于分析文献综述，概念框架设计和从业者的中介专业知识的负责人AI实施提出了新的观点。该框架强调在以人为以人为中心的设计和敏捷发展中建立和维持信任。这种以人为中心的方式与设计原则的隐私相符和启用。该技术和最终用户的创建者正在共同努力，为业务需求和人类特征定制AI解决方案。关于采用AI来协助医院计划的说明性案例研究将证明该拟议框架适用于现实生活中的应用。

Hololens（Microsoft Corp.，WA Redmond，WA）是一款头饰，光学透明的增强现实展示，是最近提高医学增强现实研究的主要参与者。在医疗环境中，HoloLens使医生能够立即了解患者信息，直接与他们对临床方案的看法，医学生，可以更好地了解复杂的解剖学或程序，甚至可以通过执行治疗任务。改进，沉浸式指导。在这篇系统的综述中，我们提供了有关医疗领域第一代霍洛伦斯在2016年3月发布到2021年的全面使用的全面概述，一直关注其继任者霍洛伦斯2号。通过系统搜索PubMed和Scopus数据库确定了171个相关出版物。我们分析了这些出版物的预期用例，注册和跟踪的技术方法，数据源，可视化以及验证和评估。我们发现，尽管已经显示出在各种医学场景中使用Hololens的可行性，但在精确，可靠性，可用性，工作流程和感知方面的努力增加了在临床实践中建立AR。

随着物联网，AI和ML/DL算法的出现，数据驱动的医疗应用已成为一种有前途的工具，用于从医学数据设计可靠且可扩展的诊断和预后模型。近年来，这引起了从学术界到工业的广泛关注。这无疑改善了医疗保健提供的质量。但是，由于这些基于AI的医疗应用程序在满足严格的安全性，隐私和服务标准（例如低延迟）方面的困难，因此仍然采用较差。此外，医疗数据通常是分散的和私人的，这使得在人群之间产生强大的结果具有挑战性。联邦学习（FL）的最新发展使得以分布式方式训练复杂的机器学习模型成为可能。因此，FL已成为一个积极的研究领域，尤其是以分散的方式处理网络边缘的医疗数据，以保护隐私和安全问题。为此，本次调查论文重点介绍了数据共享是重大负担的医疗应用中FL技术的当前和未来。它还审查并讨论了当前的研究趋势及其设计可靠和可扩展模型的结果。我们概述了FL将军的统计问题，设备挑战，安全性，隐私问题及其在医疗领域的潜力。此外，我们的研究还集中在医疗应用上，我们重点介绍了全球癌症的负担以及有效利用FL来开发计算机辅助诊断工具来解决这些诊断工具。我们希望这篇评论是一个检查站，以彻底的方式阐明现有的最新最新作品，并为该领域提供开放的问题和未来的研究指示。

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become commonplace to solve routine everyday tasks. Because of the exponential growth in medical imaging data volume and complexity, the workload on radiologists is steadily increasing. We project that the gap between the number of imaging exams and the number of expert radiologist readers required to cover this increase will continue to expand, consequently introducing a demand for AI-based tools that improve the efficiency with which radiologists can comfortably interpret these exams. AI has been shown to improve efficiency in medical-image generation, processing, and interpretation, and a variety of such AI models have been developed across research labs worldwide. However, very few of these, if any, find their way into routine clinical use, a discrepancy that reflects the divide between AI research and successful AI translation. To address the barrier to clinical deployment, we have formed MONAI Consortium, an open-source community which is building standards for AI deployment in healthcare institutions, and developing tools and infrastructure to facilitate their implementation. This report represents several years of weekly discussions and hands-on problem solving experience by groups of industry experts and clinicians in the MONAI Consortium. We identify barriers between AI-model development in research labs and subsequent clinical deployment and propose solutions. Our report provides guidance on processes which take an imaging AI model from development to clinical implementation in a healthcare institution. We discuss various AI integration points in a clinical Radiology workflow. We also present a taxonomy of Radiology AI use-cases. Through this report, we intend to educate the stakeholders in healthcare and AI (AI researchers, radiologists, imaging informaticists, and regulators) about cross-disciplinary challenges and possible solutions.

无线电接入网络（RAN）技术继续见证巨大的增长，开放式运行越来越最近的势头。在O-RAN规范中，RAN智能控制器（RIC）用作自动化主机。本文介绍了对O-RAN堆栈相关的机器学习（ML）的原则，特别是加强学习（RL）。此外，我们审查无线网络的最先进的研究，并将其投入到RAN框架和O-RAN架构的层次结构上。我们在整个开发生命周期中提供ML / RL模型面临的挑战的分类：从系统规范到生产部署（数据采集，模型设计，测试和管理等）。为了解决挑战，我们将一组现有的MLOPS原理整合，当考虑RL代理时，具有独特的特性。本文讨论了系统的生命周期模型开发，测试和验证管道，称为：RLOPS。我们讨论了RLOP的所有基本部分，包括：模型规范，开发和蒸馏，生产环境服务，运营监控，安全/安全和数据工程平台。根据这些原则，我们提出了最佳实践，以实现自动化和可重复的模型开发过程。

Video, as a key driver in the global explosion of digital information, can create tremendous benefits for human society. Governments and enterprises are deploying innumerable cameras for a variety of applications, e.g., law enforcement, emergency management, traffic control, and security surveillance, all facilitated by video analytics (VA). This trend is spurred by the rapid advancement of deep learning (DL), which enables more precise models for object classification, detection, and tracking. Meanwhile, with the proliferation of Internet-connected devices, massive amounts of data are generated daily, overwhelming the cloud. Edge computing, an emerging paradigm that moves workloads and services from the network core to the network edge, has been widely recognized as a promising solution. The resulting new intersection, edge video analytics (EVA), begins to attract widespread attention. Nevertheless, only a few loosely-related surveys exist on this topic. A dedicated venue for collecting and summarizing the latest advances of EVA is highly desired by the community. Besides, the basic concepts of EVA (e.g., definition, architectures, etc.) are ambiguous and neglected by these surveys due to the rapid development of this domain. A thorough clarification is needed to facilitate a consensus on these concepts. To fill in these gaps, we conduct a comprehensive survey of the recent efforts on EVA. In this paper, we first review the fundamentals of edge computing, followed by an overview of VA. The EVA system and its enabling techniques are discussed next. In addition, we introduce prevalent frameworks and datasets to aid future researchers in the development of EVA systems. Finally, we discuss existing challenges and foresee future research directions. We believe this survey will help readers comprehend the relationship between VA and edge computing, and spark new ideas on EVA.