考虑到安全至关重要自动化系统中情境意识的功能，对驾驶场景的风险及其解释性的感知对于自主和合作驾驶特别重要。为了实现这一目标，本文提出了在驾驶场景中的共同风险定位的新研究方向及其作为自然语言描述的风险解释。由于缺乏标准基准，我们收集了一个大规模数据集，戏剧性（带有字幕模块的驾驶风险评估机制），该数据集由17,785个在日本东京收集的互动驾驶场景组成。我们的戏剧数据集适用于带有相关重要对象的驾驶风险的视频和对象级别的问题，以实现视觉字幕的目标，作为一种自由形式的语言描述，利用封闭式和开放式响应用于多层次问题，可以用来使用这些响应，可用于在驾驶场景中评估一系列视觉字幕功能。我们将这些数据提供给社区以进行进一步研究。使用戏剧，我们探索了在互动驾驶场景中的联合风险定位和字幕的多个方面。特别是，我们基准了各种多任务预测架构，并提供了关节风险定位和风险字幕的详细分析。数据集可在https://usa.honda-ri.com/drama上获得

对行人行为的预测对于完全自主车辆安全有效地在繁忙的城市街道上驾驶至关重要。未来的自治车需要适应混合条件，不仅具有技术还是社会能力。随着更多算法和数据集已经开发出预测行人行为，这些努力缺乏基准标签和估计行人的时间动态意图变化的能力，提供了对交互场景的解释，以及具有社会智能的支持算法。本文提出并分享另一个代表数据集，称为Iupui-CSRC行人位于意图（PSI）数据，除了综合计算机视觉标签之外，具有两种创新标签。第一部小说标签是在自助式车辆前面交叉的行人的动态意图变化，从24个司机中实现了不同的背景。第二个是在估计行人意图并在交互期间预测其行为时对驾驶员推理过程的基于文本的解释。这些创新标签可以启用几个计算机视觉任务，包括行人意图/行为预测，车辆行人互动分割和用于可解释算法的视频到语言映射。发布的数据集可以从根本上从根本上改善行人行为预测模型的发展，并开发社会智能自治车，以有效地与行人进行互动。 DataSet已被不同的任务进行评估，并已释放到公众访问。

在由车辆安装的仪表板摄像机捕获的视频中检测危险交通代理（仪表板）对于促进在复杂环境中的安全导航至关重要。与事故相关的视频只是驾驶视频大数据的一小部分，并且瞬态前的事故流程具有高度动态和复杂性。此外，风险和非危险交通代理的外观可能相似。这些使驾驶视频中的风险对象本地化特别具有挑战性。为此，本文提出了一个注意力引导的多式功能融合网络（AM-NET），以将仪表板视频的危险交通代理本地化。两个封闭式复发单元（GRU）网络使用对象边界框和从连续视频帧中提取的光流功能来捕获时空提示，以区分危险交通代理。加上GRUS的注意力模块学会了与事故相关的交通代理。融合了两个功能流，AM-NET预测了视频中交通代理的风险评分。在支持这项研究的过程中，本文还引入了一个名为“风险对象本地化”（ROL）的基准数据集。该数据集包含带有事故，对象和场景级属性的空间，时间和分类注释。拟议的AM-NET在ROL数据集上实现了85.73％的AUC的有希望的性能。同时，AM-NET在DOTA数据集上优于视频异常检测的当前最新视频异常检测。一项彻底的消融研究进一步揭示了AM-NET通过评估其不同组成部分的贡献的优点。

这项调查回顾了对基于视觉的自动驾驶系统进行行为克隆训练的解释性方法。解释性的概念具有多个方面，并且需要解释性的驾驶强度是一种安全至关重要的应用。从几个研究领域收集贡献，即计算机视觉，深度学习，自动驾驶，可解释的AI（X-AI），这项调查可以解决几点。首先，它讨论了从自动驾驶系统中获得更多可解释性和解释性的定义，上下文和动机，以及该应用程序特定的挑战。其次，以事后方式为黑盒自动驾驶系统提供解释的方法是全面组织和详细的。第三，详细介绍和讨论了旨在通过设计构建更容易解释的自动驾驶系统的方法。最后，确定并检查了剩余的开放挑战和潜在的未来研究方向。

Top-down visual attention mechanisms have been used extensively in image captioning and visual question answering (VQA) to enable deeper image understanding through fine-grained analysis and even multiple steps of reasoning. In this work, we propose a combined bottom-up and topdown attention mechanism that enables attention to be calculated at the level of objects and other salient image regions. This is the natural basis for attention to be considered. Within our approach, the bottom-up mechanism (based on Faster R-CNN) proposes image regions, each with an associated feature vector, while the top-down mechanism determines feature weightings. Applying this approach to image captioning, our results on the MSCOCO test server establish a new state-of-the-art for the task, achieving CIDEr / SPICE / BLEU-4 scores of 117.9, 21.5 and 36.9, respectively. Demonstrating the broad applicability of the method, applying the same approach to VQA we obtain first place in the 2017 VQA Challenge.

In this work, we tackle two vital tasks in automated driving systems, i.e., driver intent prediction and risk object identification from egocentric images. Mainly, we investigate the question: what would be good road scene-level representations for these two tasks? We contend that a scene-level representation must capture higher-level semantic and geometric representations of traffic scenes around ego-vehicle while performing actions to their destinations. To this end, we introduce the representation of semantic regions, which are areas where ego-vehicles visit while taking an afforded action (e.g., left-turn at 4-way intersections). We propose to learn scene-level representations via a novel semantic region prediction task and an automatic semantic region labeling algorithm. Extensive evaluations are conducted on the HDD and nuScenes datasets, and the learned representations lead to state-of-the-art performance for driver intention prediction and risk object identification.

自主驾驶中安全路径规划是由于静态场景元素和不确定的周围代理的相互作用，这是一个复杂的任务。虽然所有静态场景元素都是信息来源，但对自助车辆可用的信息有不对称的重要性。我们展示了一个具有新颖功能的数据集，签署了Parience，定义为指示符号是否明显地对自助式车辆的目标有关交通规则的目标。在裁剪标志上使用卷积网络，通过道路类型，图像坐标和计划机动的实验增强，我们预测了76％的准确性，使用76％的符号蓬勃发展，并使用与标志图像的车辆机动信息找到最佳改进。

最近，已经证明了与图形学习技术结合使用的道路场景图表示，在包括动作分类，风险评估和碰撞预测的任务中优于最先进的深度学习技术。为了使Road场景图形表示的应用探索，我们介绍了RoadScene2VEC：一个开源工具，用于提取和嵌入公路场景图。 RoadScene2VEC的目标是通过提供用于生成场景图的工具，为生成时空场景图嵌入的工具以及用于可视化和分析场景图的工具来实现Road场景图的应用程序和能力基于方法。 RoadScene2VEC的功能包括（i）来自Carla Simulator的视频剪辑或数据的自定义场景图，（ii）多种可配置的时空图嵌入模型和基于基于基于CNN的模型，（iii）内置功能使用图形和序列嵌入用于风险评估和碰撞预测应用，（iv）用于评估转移学习的工具，以及（v）用于可视化场景图的实用程序，并分析图形学习模型的解释性。我们展示了道路展示的效用，用于这些用例，具有实验结果和基于CNN的模型的实验结果和定性评估。 Rodscene2vec可在https://github.com/aicps/roadscene2vec提供。

我们提出了一项新的3D问题答案的3D空间理解任务（3D-QA）。在3D-QA任务中，模型从丰富的RGB-D室内扫描的整个3D场景接收视觉信息，并回答关于3D场景的给定文本问题。与VQA的2D答案不同，传统的2D-QA模型遭受了对对象对齐和方向的空间理解的问题，并且从3D-QA中的文本问题中失败了对象本地化。我们为3D-QA提出了一个名为ScanQA模型的3D-QA基线模型，其中模型从3D对象提案和编码的句子嵌入中获取融合描述符。该学习描述符将语言表达式与3D扫描的底层几何特征相关联，并促进3D边界框的回归以确定文本问题中的描述对象。我们收集了人类编辑的问题答案对，自由表格答案将接地为3D场景中的3D对象。我们的新ScanQA数据集包含来自Scannet DataSet的800个室内场景的超过41K问答对。据我们所知，ScanQA是第一个在3D环境中执行对象接地的问答的大规模工作。

Despite progress in perceptual tasks such as image classification, computers still perform poorly on cognitive tasks such as image description and question answering. Cognition is core to tasks that involve not just recognizing, but reasoning about our visual world. However, models used to tackle the rich content in images for cognitive tasks are still being trained using the same datasets designed for perceptual tasks. To achieve success at cognitive tasks, models need to understand the interactions and relationships between objects in

当应用于自动驾驶汽车设置时，行动识别可以帮助丰富环境模型对世界的理解并改善未来行动的计划。为了改善自动驾驶汽车决策，我们在这项工作中提出了一种新型的两阶段在线行动识别系统，称为RADAC。RADAC提出了主动剂检测的问题，并在直接的两阶段管道中以进行动作检测和分类的直接识别人类活动识别中的参与者关系的想法。我们表明，我们提出的计划可以胜过ICCV2021 ROAD挑战数据集上的基线，并通过将其部署在真实的车辆平台上，我们演示了对环境中代理行动的高阶理解如何可以改善对真实自动驾驶汽车的决策。

人类有自然能够毫不费力地理解语言指挥，如“黄色轿车旁边的公园”，本能地知道车辆的道路的哪个地区应该导航。扩大这种对自主车辆的能力是创建根据人类命令响应和行动的完全自治代理的下一步。为此，我们提出了通过语言命令引用可导航区域（RNR），即导航的接地区域的新任务。 RNR与引用图像分割（RIS）不同，该图像分割（RIS）侧重于自然语言表达式而不是接地导航区域的对象接地。例如，对于指令“黄色轿车旁边的公园，”RIS将旨在分割推荐的轿车，而RNR旨在将建议的停车位分段在道路上分割。我们介绍了一个新的DataSet，talk2car-regseg，它将现有的talk2car数据集扩展，其中包含语言命令描述的区域的分段掩码。提供了一个单独的测试拆分，具有简明的机动指导命令，以评估我们数据集的实用性。我们使用新颖的变换器的架构基准测试所提出的数据集。我们呈现广泛的消融，并在多个评估指标上显示出卓越的性能。基于RNR输出产生轨迹的下游路径规划器确认了所提出的框架的功效。

当前的自动驾驶汽车技术主要集中于将乘客从A点带到B。但是，已经证明乘客害怕乘坐自动驾驶汽车。减轻此问题的一种方法是允许乘客给汽车提供自然语言命令。但是，汽车可能会误解发布的命令或视觉环境，这可能导致不确定的情况。希望自动驾驶汽车检测到这些情况并与乘客互动以解决它们。本文提出了一个模型，该模型检测到命令时不确定的情况并找到引起该命令的视觉对象。可选地，包括描述不确定对象的系统生成的问题。我们认为，如果汽车可以以人类的方式解释这些物体，乘客就可以对汽车能力获得更多信心。因此，我们研究了如何（1）检测不确定的情况及其根本原因，以及（2）如何为乘客产生澄清的问题。在对Talk2CAR数据集进行评估时，我们表明所提出的模型\ acrfull {pipeline}，改善\ gls {m：模棱两可 - absolute-Increse}，与$ iou _ {.5} $相比，与不使用\ gls {pipeline {pipeline {pipeline { }。此外，我们设计了一个引用表达生成器（reg）\ acrfull {reg_model}量身定制的自动驾驶汽车设置，该设置可产生\ gls {m：流星伴侣} Meteor的相对改进，\ gls \ gls {m：rouge felative}}与最先进的REG模型相比，Rouge-L的速度快三倍。

Figure 1: We introduce datasets for 3D tracking and motion forecasting with rich maps for autonomous driving. Our 3D tracking dataset contains sequences of LiDAR measurements, 360 • RGB video, front-facing stereo (middle-right), and 6-dof localization. All sequences are aligned with maps containing lane center lines (magenta), driveable region (orange), and ground height. Sequences are annotated with 3D cuboid tracks (green). A wider map view is shown in the bottom-right.

Modern autonomous driving system is characterized as modular tasks in sequential order, i.e., perception, prediction and planning. As sensors and hardware get improved, there is trending popularity to devise a system that can perform a wide diversity of tasks to fulfill higher-level intelligence. Contemporary approaches resort to either deploying standalone models for individual tasks, or designing a multi-task paradigm with separate heads. These might suffer from accumulative error or negative transfer effect. Instead, we argue that a favorable algorithm framework should be devised and optimized in pursuit of the ultimate goal, i.e. planning of the self-driving-car. Oriented at this goal, we revisit the key components within perception and prediction. We analyze each module and prioritize the tasks hierarchically, such that all these tasks contribute to planning (the goal). To this end, we introduce Unified Autonomous Driving (UniAD), the first comprehensive framework up-to-date that incorporates full-stack driving tasks in one network. It is exquisitely devised to leverage advantages of each module, and provide complementary feature abstractions for agent interaction from a global perspective. Tasks are communicated with unified query design to facilitate each other toward planning. We instantiate UniAD on the challenging nuScenes benchmark. With extensive ablations, the effectiveness of using such a philosophy is proven to surpass previous state-of-the-arts by a large margin in all aspects. The full suite of codebase and models would be available to facilitate future research in the community.

We introduce Argoverse 2 (AV2) - a collection of three datasets for perception and forecasting research in the self-driving domain. The annotated Sensor Dataset contains 1,000 sequences of multimodal data, encompassing high-resolution imagery from seven ring cameras, and two stereo cameras in addition to lidar point clouds, and 6-DOF map-aligned pose. Sequences contain 3D cuboid annotations for 26 object categories, all of which are sufficiently-sampled to support training and evaluation of 3D perception models. The Lidar Dataset contains 20,000 sequences of unlabeled lidar point clouds and map-aligned pose. This dataset is the largest ever collection of lidar sensor data and supports self-supervised learning and the emerging task of point cloud forecasting. Finally, the Motion Forecasting Dataset contains 250,000 scenarios mined for interesting and challenging interactions between the autonomous vehicle and other actors in each local scene. Models are tasked with the prediction of future motion for "scored actors" in each scenario and are provided with track histories that capture object location, heading, velocity, and category. In all three datasets, each scenario contains its own HD Map with 3D lane and crosswalk geometry - sourced from data captured in six distinct cities. We believe these datasets will support new and existing machine learning research problems in ways that existing datasets do not. All datasets are released under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.

近年来，我们在自动驾驶汽车的发展中看到了显着的步骤。多家公司开始推出令人印象深刻的系统，这些系统在各种环境中工作。这些系统有时可以给人一种印象，即完全自动驾驶即将到来，我们很快就会在没有方向盘的情况下建造汽车。给予AI的自主权和控制水平的增加为人道交互的新模式提供了机会。然而，调查表明，在自动驾驶汽车中对AI提供更多控制伴随着乘客的一定程度的不安。在尝试缓解这个问题时，最近的作品通过允许乘客提供指导到视觉场景中的特定对象的命令来采取自然语言的方法。尽管如此，这只是汽车的一半，因为汽车也应该了解该命令的物理目的地，这就是我们在本文中的专注。我们提出了一个扩展，其中我们向3D目的地注释了在执行给定的命令之后需要达到的3D目的地，并在预测该目的地位置进行多个不同的基线进行评估。此外，我们介绍一个胜过适用于这种特定设置的先前作品的模型。

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its applications have sparked extraordinary interest in recent years. This achievement can be ascribed in part to advances in AI subfields including Machine Learning (ML), Computer Vision (CV), and Natural Language Processing (NLP). Deep learning, a sub-field of machine learning that employs artificial neural network concepts, has enabled the most rapid growth in these domains. The integration of vision and language has sparked a lot of attention as a result of this. The tasks have been created in such a way that they properly exemplify the concepts of deep learning. In this review paper, we provide a thorough and an extensive review of the state of the arts approaches, key models design principles and discuss existing datasets, methods, their problem formulation and evaluation measures for VQA and Visual reasoning tasks to understand vision and language representation learning. We also present some potential future paths in this field of research, with the hope that our study may generate new ideas and novel approaches to handle existing difficulties and develop new applications.

Computer vision applications in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and autonomous driving (AD) have gravitated towards deep neural network architectures in recent years. While performance seems to be improving on benchmark datasets, many real-world challenges are yet to be adequately considered in research. This paper conducted an extensive literature review on the applications of computer vision in ITS and AD, and discusses challenges related to data, models, and complex urban environments. The data challenges are associated with the collection and labeling of training data and its relevance to real world conditions, bias inherent in datasets, the high volume of data needed to be processed, and privacy concerns. Deep learning (DL) models are commonly too complex for real-time processing on embedded hardware, lack explainability and generalizability, and are hard to test in real-world settings. Complex urban traffic environments have irregular lighting and occlusions, and surveillance cameras can be mounted at a variety of angles, gather dirt, shake in the wind, while the traffic conditions are highly heterogeneous, with violation of rules and complex interactions in crowded scenarios. Some representative applications that suffer from these problems are traffic flow estimation, congestion detection, autonomous driving perception, vehicle interaction, and edge computing for practical deployment. The possible ways of dealing with the challenges are also explored while prioritizing practical deployment.

接地视频描述（GVD）促使标题模型动态地参加适当的视频区域（例如，对象）并生成描述。这样的设置可以帮助解释标题模型的决策，并防止模型在其描述中幻觉的对象词。然而，这种设计主要侧重于对象词生成，因此可能忽略细粒度信息并遭受缺失的视觉概念。此外，关系词（例如，“左转或右”）是通常的时空推断结果，即，这些单词不能在某些空间区域接地。为了解决上述限制，我们设计了GVD的新型关系图学习框架，其中旨在探索细粒度的视觉概念。此外，精细图可以被视为关系归纳知识，以帮助标题模型选择所需的相关信息来生成正确的单词。我们通过自动指标和人类评估验证我们模型的有效性，结果表明，我们的方法可以产生更细粒度和准确的描述，并解决了物体幻觉的问题。