在城市或拥挤的环境中，人类依赖于目光接触，以便与附近的人快速高效地沟通。自主代理还需要检测眼睛接触以与行人进行互动，并安全地浏览它们。在本文中，我们专注于野外的目光接触检测，即自动车辆的现实世界情景，无控制环境或行人的距离。我们介绍了一种模型，利用语义关键点来检测眼睛接触，并表明该高级表示（i）在公开的数据集JAAD上实现最先进的结果，并且（ii）传达比利用更好的泛化性质在端到端网络中的原始图像。为了研究域改性，我们创建了外观：野外的眼睛接触检测的大规模数据集，专注于实际概括的多样化和不受约束的情景。源代码和外观数据集公开分享开放的科学任务。

Realtime multi-person 2D pose estimation is a key component in enabling machines to have an understanding of people in images and videos. In this work, we present a realtime approach to detect the 2D pose of multiple people in an image. The proposed method uses a nonparametric representation, which we refer to as Part Affinity Fields (PAFs), to learn to associate body parts with individuals in the image. This bottom-up system achieves high accuracy and realtime performance, regardless of the number of people in the image. In previous work, PAFs and body part location estimation were refined simultaneously across training stages. We demonstrate that a PAF-only refinement rather than both PAF and body part location refinement results in a substantial increase in both runtime performance and accuracy. We also present the first combined body and foot keypoint detector, based on an internal annotated foot dataset that we have publicly released. We show that the combined detector not only reduces the inference time compared to running them sequentially, but also maintains the accuracy of each component individually. This work has culminated in the release of OpenPose, the first open-source realtime system for multi-person 2D pose detection, including body, foot, hand, and facial keypoints.

Accurate whole-body multi-person pose estimation and tracking is an important yet challenging topic in computer vision. To capture the subtle actions of humans for complex behavior analysis, whole-body pose estimation including the face, body, hand and foot is essential over conventional body-only pose estimation. In this paper, we present AlphaPose, a system that can perform accurate whole-body pose estimation and tracking jointly while running in realtime. To this end, we propose several new techniques: Symmetric Integral Keypoint Regression (SIKR) for fast and fine localization, Parametric Pose Non-Maximum-Suppression (P-NMS) for eliminating redundant human detections and Pose Aware Identity Embedding for jointly pose estimation and tracking. During training, we resort to Part-Guided Proposal Generator (PGPG) and multi-domain knowledge distillation to further improve the accuracy. Our method is able to localize whole-body keypoints accurately and tracks humans simultaneously given inaccurate bounding boxes and redundant detections. We show a significant improvement over current state-of-the-art methods in both speed and accuracy on COCO-wholebody, COCO, PoseTrack, and our proposed Halpe-FullBody pose estimation dataset. Our model, source codes and dataset are made publicly available at https://github.com/MVIG-SJTU/AlphaPose.

We present a method for 3D object detection and pose estimation from a single image. In contrast to current techniques that only regress the 3D orientation of an object, our method first regresses relatively stable 3D object properties using a deep convolutional neural network and then combines these estimates with geometric constraints provided by a 2D object bounding box to produce a complete 3D bounding box. The first network output estimates the 3D object orientation using a novel hybrid discrete-continuous loss, which significantly outperforms the L2 loss. The second output regresses the 3D object dimensions, which have relatively little variance compared to alternatives and can often be predicted for many object types. These estimates, combined with the geometric constraints on translation imposed by the 2D bounding box, enable us to recover a stable and accurate 3D object pose. We evaluate our method on the challenging KITTI object detection benchmark [2] both on the official metric of 3D orientation estimation and also on the accuracy of the obtained 3D bounding boxes. Although conceptually simple, our method outperforms more complex and computationally expensive approaches that leverage semantic segmentation, instance level segmentation and flat ground priors [4] and sub-category detection [23][24]. Our discrete-continuous loss also produces state of the art results for 3D viewpoint estimation on the Pascal 3D+ dataset[26].

瑜伽是全球广受好评的，广泛推荐的健康生活实践。在执行瑜伽时保持正确的姿势至关重要。在这项工作中，我们采用了从人类姿势估计模型中的转移学习来提取整个人体的136个关键点，以训练一个随机的森林分类器，该分类器用于估算瑜伽室。在内部收集的内部收集的瑜伽视频数据库中评估了结果，该数据库是从4个不同的相机角度记录的51个主题。我们提出了一个三步方案，用于通过对1）看不见的帧，2）看不见的受试者进行测试来评估瑜伽分类器的普遍性。我们认为，对于大多数应用程序，对看不见的主题的验证精度和看不见的摄像头是最重要的。我们经验分析了三个公共数据集，转移学习的优势以及目标泄漏的可能性。我们进一步证明，分类精度在很大程度上取决于所采用的交叉验证方法，并且通常会产生误导。为了促进进一步的研究，我们已公开提供关键点数据集和代码。

我们研究了在紧邻人类机器人相互作用的背景下，最先进的人关键点探测器的性能。在这种情况下的检测是具体的，因为只有手和躯干等身体部位的子集在视野中。特别是（i）我们从近距离图像的角度调查了具有人类姿势注释的现有数据集，并准备并使公开可用的新人（HICP）数据集； （ii）我们在此数据集上进行定量和定性比较人类全身2D关键点检测方法（openpose，mmpose，onphapose，detectron2）； （iii）由于对手指的准确检测对于使用交接的应用至关重要，因此我们评估了介质手工检测器的性能； （iv）我们在头部上带有RGB-D摄像头的人形机器人上部署算法，并在3D Human KeyPoint检测中评估性能。运动捕获系统用作参考。在紧邻近端的最佳性能全身关键点探测器是mmpose和字母，但两者都难以检测手指。因此，我们提出了在单个框架中为人体和手介载体的mmpose或字母组合的组合，提供了最准确，最强大的检测。我们还分析了单个探测器的故障模式 - 例如，图像中人的头部缺失在多大程度上降低了性能。最后，我们在一个场景中演示了框架，其中类人类机器人与人相互作用的人类机器人使用检测到的3D关键点进行全身避免动作。

本文调查了2D全身人类姿势估计的任务，该任务旨在将整个人体（包括身体，脚，脸部和手）局部定位在整个人体上。我们提出了一种称为Zoomnet的单网络方法，以考虑到完整人体的层次结构，并解决不同身体部位的规模变化。我们进一步提出了一个称为Zoomnas的神经体系结构搜索框架，以促进全身姿势估计的准确性和效率。Zoomnas共同搜索模型体系结构和不同子模块之间的连接，并自动为搜索的子模块分配计算复杂性。为了训练和评估Zoomnas，我们介绍了第一个大型2D人类全身数据集，即可可叶全体V1.0，它注释了133个用于野外图像的关键点。广泛的实验证明了Zoomnas的有效性和可可叶v1.0的重要性。

地理定位的概念是指确定地球上的某些“实体”的位置的过程，通常使用全球定位系统（GPS）坐标。感兴趣的实体可以是图像，图像序列，视频，卫星图像，甚至图像中可见的物体。由于GPS标记媒体的大规模数据集由于智能手机和互联网而迅速变得可用，而深入学习已经上升以提高机器学习模型的性能能力，因此由于其显着影响而出现了视觉和对象地理定位的领域广泛的应用，如增强现实，机器人，自驾驶车辆，道路维护和3D重建。本文提供了对涉及图像的地理定位的全面调查，其涉及从捕获图像（图像地理定位）或图像内的地理定位对象（对象地理定位）的地理定位的综合调查。我们将提供深入的研究，包括流行算法的摘要，对所提出的数据集的描述以及性能结果的分析来说明每个字段的当前状态。

The research community has increasing interest in autonomous driving research, despite the resource intensity of obtaining representative real world data. Existing selfdriving datasets are limited in the scale and variation of the environments they capture, even though generalization within and between operating regions is crucial to the overall viability of the technology. In an effort to help align the research community's contributions with real-world selfdriving problems, we introduce a new large-scale, high quality, diverse dataset. Our new dataset consists of 1150 scenes that each span 20 seconds, consisting of well synchronized and calibrated high quality LiDAR and camera data captured across a range of urban and suburban geographies. It is 15x more diverse than the largest cam-era+LiDAR dataset available based on our proposed geographical coverage metric. We exhaustively annotated this data with 2D (camera image) and 3D (LiDAR) bounding boxes, with consistent identifiers across frames. Finally, we provide strong baselines for 2D as well as 3D detection and tracking tasks. We further study the effects of dataset size and generalization across geographies on 3D detection methods. Find data, code and more up-to-date information at http://www.waymo.com/open.

安全仍然是自动驾驶的主要问题，为了在全球部署，他们需要提前充分预测行人的动作。尽管对粗粒（人体中心预测）和细粒度预测（人体关键点的预测）进行了大量研究，但我们专注于3D边界框，这是对人类的合理估计，而无需对自动驾驶汽车进行复杂的运动细节进行建模。这具有灵活性，可以在现实世界中更长的视野中进行预测。我们建议这个新问题，并为行人的3D边界框预测提供了一个简单而有效的模型。该方法遵循基于复发性神经网络的编码器编码器体系结构，我们的实验在合成（JTA）和现实世界（Nuscenes）数据集中显示出其有效性。博学的表示形式具有有用的信息来增强其他任务的绩效，例如行动预期。我们的代码可在线提供：https：//github.com/vita-epfl/bounding-box-prediction

This paper presents a new large scale multi-person tracking dataset -- \texttt{PersonPath22}, which is over an order of magnitude larger than currently available high quality multi-object tracking datasets such as MOT17, HiEve, and MOT20 datasets. The lack of large scale training and test data for this task has limited the community's ability to understand the performance of their tracking systems on a wide range of scenarios and conditions such as variations in person density, actions being performed, weather, and time of day. \texttt{PersonPath22} dataset was specifically sourced to provide a wide variety of these conditions and our annotations include rich meta-data such that the performance of a tracker can be evaluated along these different dimensions. The lack of training data has also limited the ability to perform end-to-end training of tracking systems. As such, the highest performing tracking systems all rely on strong detectors trained on external image datasets. We hope that the release of this dataset will enable new lines of research that take advantage of large scale video based training data.

物体检测通常需要在现代深度学习方法中基于传统或锚盒的滑动窗口分类器。但是，这些方法中的任何一个都需要框中的繁琐配置。在本文中，我们提供了一种新的透视图，其中检测对象被激励为高电平语义特征检测任务。与边缘，角落，斑点和其他特征探测器一样，所提出的探测器扫描到全部图像的特征点，卷积自然适合该特征点。但是，与这些传统的低级功能不同，所提出的探测器用于更高级别的抽象，即我们正在寻找有物体的中心点，而现代深层模型已经能够具有如此高级别的语义抽象。除了Blob检测之外，我们还预测了中心点的尺度，这也是直接的卷积。因此，在本文中，通过卷积简化了行人和面部检测作为直接的中心和规模预测任务。这样，所提出的方法享有一个无盒设置。虽然结构简单，但它对几个具有挑战性的基准呈现竞争准确性，包括行人检测和面部检测。此外，执行交叉数据集评估，证明所提出的方法的卓越泛化能力。可以访问代码和模型（https://github.com/liuwei16/csp和https://github.com/hasanirtiza/pedestron）。

The 1$^{\text{st}}$ Workshop on Maritime Computer Vision (MaCVi) 2023 focused on maritime computer vision for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV), and organized several subchallenges in this domain: (i) UAV-based Maritime Object Detection, (ii) UAV-based Maritime Object Tracking, (iii) USV-based Maritime Obstacle Segmentation and (iv) USV-based Maritime Obstacle Detection. The subchallenges were based on the SeaDronesSee and MODS benchmarks. This report summarizes the main findings of the individual subchallenges and introduces a new benchmark, called SeaDronesSee Object Detection v2, which extends the previous benchmark by including more classes and footage. We provide statistical and qualitative analyses, and assess trends in the best-performing methodologies of over 130 submissions. The methods are summarized in the appendix. The datasets, evaluation code and the leaderboard are publicly available at https://seadronessee.cs.uni-tuebingen.de/macvi.

互动对象理解，或者我们可以对对象做些什么以及计算机愿景的长期目标。在本文中，我们通过观察野外的自我高端视频的人类手来解决这个问题。我们展示了观察人类的手与之交互以及如何提供相关数据和必要的监督。参加双手，容易定位并稳定积极的物体以进行学习，并揭示发生与对象的交互的地方。分析手显示我们可以对物体做些什么以及如何做些。我们在史诗厨房数据集上应用这些基本原则，并成功地学习了国家敏感的特征，以及互动区域和提供了麦克拉斯的地区），纯粹是通过观察在EGoCentric视频中的手。

对人类对象相互作用的理解在第一人称愿景（FPV）中至关重要。遵循相机佩戴者操纵的对象的视觉跟踪算法可以提供有效的信息，以有效地建模此类相互作用。在过去的几年中，计算机视觉社区已大大提高了各种目标对象和场景的跟踪算法的性能。尽管以前有几次尝试在FPV域中利用跟踪器，但仍缺少对最先进跟踪器的性能的有条理分析。这项研究差距提出了一个问题，即应使用当前的解决方案``现成''还是应进行更多特定领域的研究。本文旨在为此类问题提供答案。我们介绍了FPV中单个对象跟踪的首次系统研究。我们的研究广泛分析了42个算法的性能，包括通用对象跟踪器和基线FPV特定跟踪器。分析是通过关注FPV设置的不同方面，引入新的绩效指标以及与FPV特定任务有关的。这项研究是通过引入Trek-150（由150个密集注释的视频序列组成的新型基准数据集）来实现的。我们的结果表明，FPV中的对象跟踪对当前的视觉跟踪器构成了新的挑战。我们强调了导致这种行为的因素，并指出了可能的研究方向。尽管遇到了困难，但我们证明了跟踪器为需要短期对象跟踪的FPV下游任务带来好处。我们预计，随着新的和FPV特定的方法学会得到研究，通用对象跟踪将在FPV中受欢迎。

Robust detection and tracking of objects is crucial for the deployment of autonomous vehicle technology. Image based benchmark datasets have driven development in computer vision tasks such as object detection, tracking and segmentation of agents in the environment. Most autonomous vehicles, however, carry a combination of cameras and range sensors such as lidar and radar. As machine learning based methods for detection and tracking become more prevalent, there is a need to train and evaluate such methods on datasets containing range sensor data along with images. In this work we present nuTonomy scenes (nuScenes), the first dataset to carry the full autonomous vehicle sensor suite: 6 cameras, 5 radars and 1 lidar, all with full 360 degree field of view. nuScenes comprises 1000 scenes, each 20s long and fully annotated with 3D bounding boxes for 23 classes and 8 attributes. It has 7x as many annotations and 100x as many images as the pioneering KITTI dataset. We define novel 3D detection and tracking metrics. We also provide careful dataset analysis as well as baselines for lidar and image based detection and tracking. Data, development kit and more information are available online 1 .

当代掌握检测方法采用深度学习，实现传感器和物体模型不确定性的鲁棒性。这两个主导的方法设计了掌握质量评分或基于锚的掌握识别网络。本文通过将其视为图像空间中的关键点检测来掌握掌握检测的不同方法。深网络检测每个掌握候选者作为一对关键点，可转换为掌握代表= {x，y，w，{\ theta}} t，而不是转角点的三态或四重奏。通过将关键点分组成对来降低检测难度提高性能。为了促进捕获关键点之间的依赖关系，将非本地模块结合到网络设计中。基于离散和连续定向预测的最终过滤策略消除了错误的对应关系，并进一步提高了掌握检测性能。此处提出的方法GKNET在康奈尔和伸缩的提花数据集上的精度和速度之间实现了良好的平衡（在41.67和23.26 fps的96.9％和98.39％）之间。操纵器上的后续实验使用4种类型的抓取实验来评估GKNet，反映不同滋扰的速度：静态抓握，动态抓握，在各种相机角度抓住，夹住。 GKNet优于静态和动态掌握实验中的参考基线，同时表现出变化的相机观点和中度杂波的稳健性。结果证实了掌握关键点是深度掌握网络的有效输出表示的假设，为预期的滋扰因素提供鲁棒性。

由于卷积神经网络（CNN）在过去的十年中检测成功，多对象跟踪（MOT）通过检测方法的使用来控制。随着数据集和基础标记网站的发布，研究方向已转向在跟踪时在包括重新识别对象的通用场景（包括重新识别（REID））上的最佳准确性。在这项研究中，我们通过提供专用的行人数据集并专注于对性能良好的多对象跟踪器的深入分析来缩小监视的范围）现实世界应用的技术。为此，我们介绍SOMPT22数据集；一套新的，用于多人跟踪的新套装，带有带注释的简短视频，该视频从位于杆子上的静态摄像头捕获，高度为6-8米，用于城市监视。与公共MOT数据集相比，这提供了室外监视的MOT的更为集中和具体的基准。我们分析了该新数据集上检测和REID网络的使用方式，分析了将MOT跟踪器分类为单发和两阶段。我们新数据集的实验结果表明，SOTA远非高效率，而单一跟踪器是统一快速执行和准确性的良好候选者，并具有竞争性的性能。该数据集将在以下网址提供：sompt22.github.io

TU Dresden www.cityscapes-dataset.net train/val -fine annotation -3475 images train -coarse annotation -20 000 images test -fine annotation -1525 images

由于其前所未有的优势，在规模，移动，部署和隐蔽观察能力方面，空中平台和成像传感器的快速出现是实现新的空中监测形式。本文从计算机视觉和模式识别的角度来看，全面概述了以人为本的空中监控任务。它旨在为读者提供使用无人机，无人机和其他空中平台的空中监测任务当前状态的深入系统审查和技术分析。感兴趣的主要对象是人类，其中要检测单个或多个受试者，识别，跟踪，重新识别并进行其行为。更具体地，对于这四项任务中的每一个，我们首先讨论与基于地面的设置相比在空中环境中执行这些任务的独特挑战。然后，我们审查和分析公共可用于每项任务的航空数据集，并深入了解航空文学中的方法，并调查他们目前如何应对鸟瞰挑战。我们在讨论缺失差距和开放研究问题的讨论中得出结论，告知未来的研究途径。