在本文中,我们研究了在药物对评分的背景下,将图形的分布式表示形式纳入模型的实用性和实用性。我们认为,现实世界的增长和更新毒品对分数数据集的周期,颠覆了与分布式表示相关的转导学习的局限性。此外,我们认为,由于原子类型有限和对化学强制执行的键合模式的限制,因此在药物集中引起的离散子结构模式的词汇并不大。基于这个借口,我们探讨了药物对评分任务中药物分子图的分布式表示的有效性,例如药物协同作用,多药和药物 - 药物相互作用预测。为了实现这一目标,我们提出了一种学习和将图形分布式表示形式纳入统一的药物对评分框架中的方法。随后,我们增加了许多最新和最先进的模型来利用我们的嵌入。我们从经验上表明,这些嵌入的合并改善了不同药物对评分任务的几乎每个模型的下游性能,即使是原始模型也不是为了设计的。我们将公开释放所有药物嵌入为DugcomBDB,Drugcomb,Drugbankddi和Twosides数据集。
translated by 谷歌翻译
我们提出了分子法律网络(MOOMIN)一种由阿斯利康肿瘤学家使用的多模式图神经网络,以预测用于癌症治疗的药物组合的协同作用。我们的模型基于药物蛋白质相互作用网络和元数据以多种尺度学习药物表示。对化合物和蛋白质的结构特性进行编码,以创建在双方相互作用图上运行的消息通话方案的顶点特征。传播消息形成多分辨率的药物表示,我们用来创建药物对描述符。通过调节癌细胞类型的药物组合表示形式,我们定义了一种协同评分功能,该功能可以感应地评分看不见的药物对。有关协同评分任务的实验结果表明,穆明的表现优于最先进的图形指纹,保持节点嵌入以及现有的深度学习方法。进一步的结果表明,我们的模型的预测性能对超参数变化是可靠的。我们证明该模型可以在癌细胞系组织中进行高质量的预测,样本外预测可以通过外部协同效应数据库进行验证,并且所提出的模型在学习方面有效。
translated by 谷歌翻译
基于深度学习的分子建模的最新进步令人兴奋地加速硅药发现。可获得血清的生成模型,构建原子原子和键合或逐片键的分子。然而,许多药物发现项目需要固定的支架以存在于所生成的分子中,并纳入该约束仅探讨了该约束。在这里,我们提出了一种基于图形的模型,其自然地支持支架作为生成过程的初始种子,这是可能的,因为它不调节在发电历史上。我们的实验表明,Moler与最先进的方法进行了相当的方法,在无约会的分子优化任务上,并且在基于脚手架的任务上优于它们,而不是比现有方法从培训和样本更快的数量级。此外,我们展示了许多看似小设计选择对整体性能的影响。
translated by 谷歌翻译
学习表达性分子表示对于促进分子特性的准确预测至关重要。尽管图形神经网络(GNNS)在分子表示学习中取得了显着进步,但它们通常面临诸如邻居探索,不足,过度光滑和过度阵列之类的局限性。同样,由于参数数量大,GNN通常具有较高的计算复杂性。通常,当面对相对大尺寸的图形或使用更深的GNN模型体系结构时,这种限制会出现或增加。克服这些问题的一个想法是将分子图简化为小型,丰富且有益的信息,这更有效,更具挑战性的培训GNN。为此,我们提出了一个新颖的分子图粗化框架,名为FUNQG利用函数组,作为分子的有影响力的构件来确定其性质,基于称为商图的图理论概念。通过实验,我们表明所产生的信息图比分子图小得多,因此是训练GNN的良好候选者。我们将FUNQG应用于流行的分子属性预测基准,然后比较所获得的数据集上的GNN体系结构的性能与原始数据集上的几个最先进的基线。通过实验,除了其参数数量和低计算复杂性的急剧减少之外,该方法除了其急剧减少之外,在各种数据集上的表现显着优于先前的基准。因此,FUNQG可以用作解决分子表示学习问题的简单,成本效益且可靠的方法。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Graph classification is an important area in both modern research and industry. Multiple applications, especially in chemistry and novel drug discovery, encourage rapid development of machine learning models in this area. To keep up with the pace of new research, proper experimental design, fair evaluation, and independent benchmarks are essential. Design of strong baselines is an indispensable element of such works. In this thesis, we explore multiple approaches to graph classification. We focus on Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), which emerged as a de facto standard deep learning technique for graph representation learning. Classical approaches, such as graph descriptors and molecular fingerprints, are also addressed. We design fair evaluation experimental protocol and choose proper datasets collection. This allows us to perform numerous experiments and rigorously analyze modern approaches. We arrive to many conclusions, which shed new light on performance and quality of novel algorithms. We investigate application of Jumping Knowledge GNN architecture to graph classification, which proves to be an efficient tool for improving base graph neural network architectures. Multiple improvements to baseline models are also proposed and experimentally verified, which constitutes an important contribution to the field of fair model comparison.
translated by 谷歌翻译
生物医学网络是与疾病网络的蛋白质相互作用的普遍描述符,从蛋白质相互作用,一直到医疗保健系统和科学知识。随着代表学习提供强大的预测和洞察的显着成功,我们目睹了表现形式学习技术的快速扩展,进入了这些网络的建模,分析和学习。在这篇综述中,我们提出了一个观察到生物学和医学中的网络长期原则 - 而在机器学习研究中经常出口 - 可以为代表学习提供概念基础,解释其当前的成功和限制,并告知未来进步。我们综合了一系列算法方法,即在其核心利用图形拓扑到将网络嵌入到紧凑的向量空间中,并捕获表示陈述学习证明有用的方式的广度。深远的影响包括鉴定复杂性状的变异性,单细胞的异心行为及其对健康的影响,协助患者的诊断和治疗以及制定安全有效的药物。
translated by 谷歌翻译
在三维分子结构上运行的计算方法有可能解决生物学和化学的重要问题。特别地,深度神经网络的重视,但它们在生物分子结构域中的广泛采用受到缺乏系统性能基准或统一工具包的限制,用于与分子数据相互作用。为了解决这个问题,我们呈现Atom3D,这是一个新颖的和现有的基准数据集的集合,跨越几个密钥的生物分子。我们为这些任务中的每一个实施多种三维分子学习方法,并表明它们始终如一地提高了基于单维和二维表示的方法的性能。结构的具体选择对于性能至关重要,具有涉及复杂几何形状的任务的三维卷积网络,在需要详细位置信息的系统中表现出良好的图形网络,以及最近开发的设备越多的网络显示出显着承诺。我们的结果表明,许多分子问题符合三维分子学习的增益,并且有可能改善许多仍然过分曝光的任务。为了降低进入并促进现场进一步发展的障碍,我们还提供了一套全面的DataSet处理,模型培训和在我们的开源ATOM3D Python包中的评估工具套件。所有数据集都可以从https://www.atom3d.ai下载。
translated by 谷歌翻译
近年来,基于Weisfeiler-Leman算法的算法和神经架构,是一个众所周知的Graph同构问题的启发式问题,它成为具有图形和关系数据的机器学习的强大工具。在这里,我们全面概述了机器学习设置中的算法的使用,专注于监督的制度。我们讨论了理论背景,展示了如何将其用于监督的图形和节点表示学习,讨论最近的扩展,并概述算法的连接(置换 - )方面的神经结构。此外,我们概述了当前的应用和未来方向,以刺激进一步的研究。
translated by 谷歌翻译
分子表示学习(MRL)是建立机器学习与化学科学之间联系的关键步骤。特别是,它将分子编码为保留分子结构和特征的数值向量,在其上可以执行下游任务(例如,属性预测)。最近,MRL取得了相当大的进步,尤其是在基于深的分子图学习方法中。在这项调查中,我们系统地回顾了这些基于图的分子表示技术。具体而言,我们首先介绍2D和3D图分子数据集的数据和功能。然后,我们总结了专门为MRL设计的方法,并将其分为四种策略。此外,我们讨论了MRL支持的一些典型化学应用。为了促进该快速发展领域的研究,我们还列出了论文中的基准和常用数据集。最后,我们分享我们对未来研究方向的想法。
translated by 谷歌翻译
This paper studies learning the representations of whole graphs in both unsupervised and semi-supervised scenarios. Graph-level representations are critical in a variety of real-world applications such as predicting the properties of molecules and community analysis in social networks. Traditional graph kernel based methods are simple, yet effective for obtaining fixed-length representations for graphs but they suffer from poor generalization due to hand-crafted designs. There are also some recent methods based on language models (e.g. graph2vec) but they tend to only consider certain substructures (e.g. subtrees) as graph representatives. Inspired by recent progress of unsupervised representation learning, in this paper we proposed a novel method called InfoGraph for learning graph-level representations. We maximize the mutual information between the graph-level representation and the representations of substructures of different scales (e.g., nodes, edges, triangles). By doing so, the graph-level representations encode aspects of the data that are shared across different scales of substructures. Furthermore, we further propose InfoGraph*, an extension of InfoGraph for semi-supervised scenarios. InfoGraph* maximizes the mutual information between unsupervised graph representations learned by InfoGraph and the representations learned by existing supervised methods. As a result, the supervised encoder learns from unlabeled data while preserving the latent semantic space favored by the current supervised task. Experimental results on the tasks of graph classification and molecular property prediction show that InfoGraph is superior to state-of-the-art baselines and InfoGraph* can achieve performance competitive with state-of-the-art semi-supervised models.
translated by 谷歌翻译
人工智能(AI)在过去十年中一直在改变药物发现的实践。各种AI技术已在广泛的应用中使用,例如虚拟筛选和药物设计。在本调查中,我们首先概述了药物发现,并讨论了相关的应用,可以减少到两个主要任务,即分子性质预测和分子产生。然后,我们讨论常见的数据资源,分子表示和基准平台。此外,为了总结AI在药物发现中的进展情况,我们介绍了在调查的论文中包括模型架构和学习范式的相关AI技术。我们预计本调查将作为有兴趣在人工智能和药物发现界面工作的研究人员的指南。我们还提供了GitHub存储库(HTTPS:///github.com/dengjianyuan/survey_survey_au_drug_discovery),其中包含文件和代码,如适用,作为定期更新的学习资源。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Molecular "fingerprints" encoding structural information are the workhorse of cheminformatics and machine learning in drug discovery applications. However, fingerprint representations necessarily emphasize particular aspects of the molecular structure while ignoring others, rather than allowing the model to make datadriven decisions. We describe molecular graph convolutions, a machine learning architecture for learning from undirected graphs, specifically small molecules. Graph convolutions use a simple encoding of the molecular graph-atoms, bonds, distances, etc.-which allows the model to take greater advantage of information in the graph structure. Although graph convolutions do not outperform all fingerprint-based methods, they (along with other graph-based methods) represent a new paradigm in ligand-based virtual screening with exciting opportunities for future improvement.
translated by 谷歌翻译
阐明并准确预测分子的吸毒性和生物活性在药物设计和发现中起关键作用,并且仍然是一个开放的挑战。最近,图神经网络(GNN)在基于图的分子属性预测方面取得了显着进步。但是,当前基于图的深度学习方法忽略了分子的分层信息以及特征通道之间的关系。在这项研究中,我们提出了一个精心设计的分层信息图神经网络框架(称为hignn),用于通过利用分子图和化学合成的可见的无限元素片段来预测分子特性。此外,首先在Hignn体系结构中设计了一个插件功能的注意块,以适应消息传递阶段后自适应重新校准原子特征。广泛的实验表明,Hignn在许多具有挑战性的药物发现相关基准数据集上实现了最先进的预测性能。此外,我们设计了一种分子碎片的相似性机制,以全面研究Hignn模型在子图水平上的解释性,表明Hignn作为强大的深度学习工具可以帮助化学家和药剂师识别出设计更好分子的关键分子,以设计更好的分子,以设计出所需的更好分子。属性或功能。源代码可在https://github.com/idruglab/hignn上公开获得。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Many applications of machine learning require a model to make accurate predictions on test examples that are distributionally different from training ones, while task-specific labels are scarce during training. An effective approach to this challenge is to pre-train a model on related tasks where data is abundant, and then fine-tune it on a downstream task of interest. While pre-training has been effective in many language and vision domains, it remains an open question how to effectively use pre-training on graph datasets. In this paper, we develop a new strategy and self-supervised methods for pre-training Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). The key to the success of our strategy is to pre-train an expressive GNN at the level of individual nodes as well as entire graphs so that the GNN can learn useful local and global representations simultaneously. We systematically study pre-training on multiple graph classification datasets. We find that naïve strategies, which pre-train GNNs at the level of either entire graphs or individual nodes, give limited improvement and can even lead to negative transfer on many downstream tasks. In contrast, our strategy avoids negative transfer and improves generalization significantly across downstream tasks, leading up to 9.4% absolute improvements in ROC-AUC over non-pre-trained models and achieving state-of-the-art performance for molecular property prediction and protein function prediction.However, pre-training on graph datasets remains a hard challenge. Several key studies (
translated by 谷歌翻译
预测化合物的化学性质在发现具有具体所需特征的新型材料和药物方面至关重要。最近机器学习技术的显着进展使得能够从文献中报告的过去的实验数据启用自动预测建模。然而,这些数据集通常被偏置,因为各种原因,例如实验计划和出版物决策,并且使用这种偏置数据集训练的预测模型经常遭受对偏置分布的过度拟合,并且在随后的用途时执行不良。因此,本研究专注于减轻实验数据集中的偏差。我们采用了两种来自因果推断和域适应的技术与图形神经网络相结合,可以代表分子结构。在四种可能的偏置方案中的实验结果表明,基于逆倾向评分的方法使得稳定的改进,但是域不变的表示学习方法失败。
translated by 谷歌翻译
人工智能(AI)已被广泛应用于药物发现中,其主要任务是分子财产预测。尽管分子表示学习中AI技术的繁荣,但尚未仔细检查分子性质预测的一些关键方面。在这项研究中,我们对三个代表性模型,即随机森林,莫尔伯特和格罗弗进行了系统比较,该模型分别利用了三个主要的分子表示,扩展连接的指纹,微笑的字符串和分子图。值得注意的是,莫尔伯特(Molbert)和格罗弗(Grover)以自我监督的方式在大规模的无标记分子库中进行了预定。除了常用的分子基准数据集外,我们还组装了一套与阿片类药物相关的数据集进行下游预测评估。我们首先对标签分布和结构分析进行了数据集分析;我们还检查了阿片类药物相关数据集中的活动悬崖问题。然后,我们培训了4,320个预测模型,并评估了学习表示的有用性。此外,我们通过研究统计测试,评估指标和任务设置的效果来探索模型评估。最后,我们将化学空间的概括分解为施加间和支柱内的概括,并测量了预测性能,以评估两种设置下模型的普遍性。通过采取这种喘息,我们反映了分子财产预测的基本关键方面,希望在该领域带来更好的AI技术的意识。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Models that accurately predict properties based on chemical structure are valuable tools in drug discovery. However, for many properties, public and private training sets are typically small, and it is difficult for the models to generalize well outside of the training data. Recently, large language models have addressed this problem by using self-supervised pretraining on large unlabeled datasets, followed by fine-tuning on smaller, labeled datasets. In this paper, we report MolE, a molecular foundation model that adapts the DeBERTa architecture to be used on molecular graphs together with a two-step pretraining strategy. The first step of pretraining is a self-supervised approach focused on learning chemical structures, and the second step is a massive multi-task approach to learn biological information. We show that fine-tuning pretrained MolE achieves state-of-the-art results on 9 of the 22 ADMET tasks included in the Therapeutic Data Commons.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Advancements in neural machinery have led to a wide range of algorithmic solutions for molecular property prediction. Two classes of models in particular have yielded promising results: neural networks applied to computed molecular fingerprints or expert-crafted descriptors, and graph convolutional neural networks that construct a learned molecular representation by operating on the graph structure of the molecule.However, recent literature has yet to clearly determine which of these two methods is superior when generalizing to new chemical space. Furthermore, prior research has
translated by 谷歌翻译
We seek to automate the design of molecules based on specific chemical properties. In computational terms, this task involves continuous embedding and generation of molecular graphs. Our primary contribution is the direct realization of molecular graphs, a task previously approached by generating linear SMILES strings instead of graphs. Our junction tree variational autoencoder generates molecular graphs in two phases, by first generating a tree-structured scaffold over chemical substructures, and then combining them into a molecule with a graph message passing network. This approach allows us to incrementally expand molecules while maintaining chemical validity at every step. We evaluate our model on multiple tasks ranging from molecular generation to optimization. Across these tasks, our model outperforms previous state-of-the-art baselines by a significant margin.
translated by 谷歌翻译
图形神经网络(GNNS)的表现力量受到限制,具有远程交互的斗争,缺乏模拟高阶结构的原则性方法。这些问题可以归因于计算图表和输入图结构之间的强耦合。最近提出的消息通过单独的网络通过执行图形的Clique复合物的消息来自然地解耦这些元素。然而,这些模型可能受到单纯复合物(SCS)的刚性组合结构的严重限制。在这项工作中,我们将最近的基于常规细胞复合物的理论结果扩展到常规细胞复合物,灵活地满满SCS和图表的拓扑物体。我们表明,该概括提供了一组强大的图表“提升”转换,每个图形是导致唯一的分层消息传递过程。我们集体呼叫CW Networks(CWNS)的结果方法比WL测试更强大,而不是比3 WL测试更强大。特别是,当应用于分子图问题时,我们证明了一种基于环的一个这样的方案的有效性。所提出的架构从可提供的较大的表达效益于常用的GNN,高阶信号的原则建模以及压缩节点之间的距离。我们展示了我们的模型在各种分子数据集上实现了最先进的结果。
translated by 谷歌翻译