由于其显着的合成质量，最近，神经辐射场（NERF）最近对3D场景重建和新颖的视图合成进行了相当大的关注。然而，由散焦或运动引起的图像模糊，这通常发生在野外的场景中，显着降低了其重建质量。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了DeBlur-nerf，这是一种可以从模糊输入恢复尖锐的nerf的第一种方法。我们采用逐合成方法来通过模拟模糊过程来重建模糊的视图，从而使NERF对模糊输入的鲁棒。该仿真的核心是一种新型可变形稀疏内核（DSK）模块，其通过在每个空间位置变形规范稀疏内核来模拟空间变形模糊内核。每个内核点的射线起源是共同优化的，受到物理模糊过程的启发。该模块作为MLP参数化，具有能够概括为各种模糊类型。联合优化NERF和DSK模块允许我们恢复尖锐的NERF。我们证明我们的方法可用于相机运动模糊和散焦模糊：真实场景中的两个最常见的模糊。合成和现实世界数据的评估结果表明，我们的方法优于几个基线。合成和真实数据集以及源代码将公开可用于促进未来的研究。

Neural Radiance Field(NeRF) has exhibited outstanding three-dimensional(3D) reconstruction quality via the novel view synthesis from multi-view images and paired calibrated camera parameters. However, previous NeRF-based systems have been demonstrated under strictly controlled settings, with little attention paid to less ideal scenarios, including with the presence of noise such as exposure, illumination changes, and blur. In particular, though blur frequently occurs in real situations, NeRF that can handle blurred images has received little attention. The few studies that have investigated NeRF for blurred images have not considered geometric and appearance consistency in 3D space, which is one of the most important factors in 3D reconstruction. This leads to inconsistency and the degradation of the perceptual quality of the constructed scene. Hence, this paper proposes a DP-NeRF, a novel clean NeRF framework for blurred images, which is constrained with two physical priors. These priors are derived from the actual blurring process during image acquisition by the camera. DP-NeRF proposes rigid blurring kernel to impose 3D consistency utilizing the physical priors and adaptive weight proposal to refine the color composition error in consideration of the relationship between depth and blur. We present extensive experimental results for synthetic and real scenes with two types of blur: camera motion blur and defocus blur. The results demonstrate that DP-NeRF successfully improves the perceptual quality of the constructed NeRF ensuring 3D geometric and appearance consistency. We further demonstrate the effectiveness of our model with comprehensive ablation analysis.

我们呈现高动态范围神经辐射字段（HDR-NERF），以从一组低动态范围（LDR）视图的HDR辐射率字段与不同的曝光。使用HDR-NERF，我们能够在不同的曝光下生成新的HDR视图和新型LDR视图。我们方法的关键是模拟物理成像过程，该过程决定了场景点的辐射与具有两个隐式功能的LDR图像中的像素值转换为：RADIACE字段和音调映射器。辐射场对场景辐射（值在0到+末端之间的值变化），其通过提供相应的射线源和光线方向来输出光线的密度和辐射。 TONE MAPPER模拟映射过程，即在相机传感器上击中的光线变为像素值。通过将辐射和相应的曝光时间送入音调映射器来预测光线的颜色。我们使用经典的卷渲染技术将输出辐射，颜色和密度投影为HDR和LDR图像，同时只使用输入的LDR图像作为监控。我们收集了一个新的前瞻性的HDR数据集，以评估所提出的方法。综合性和现实世界场景的实验结果验证了我们的方法不仅可以准确控制合成视图的曝光，还可以用高动态范围呈现视图。

我们提出了逐渐变化的辐射场（PDRF），这是一种从模糊图像中有效重建高质量辐射场的新方法。虽然当前的最先进的（SOTA）场景重建方法实现了光真实的渲染，因此清洁源视图会导致其性能在源视图受模糊影响的影响时会受到影响，这通常是野外图像的观察。以前的脱毛方法要么不考虑3D几何形状，要么是计算强度。为了解决这些问题，PDRF是Radiance Field建模中逐渐消除的方案，通过合并3D场景上下文来准确地模拟模糊。 PDRF进一步使用了有效的重要性采样方案，从而导致快速场景优化。具体而言，PDRF提出了一个粗射线渲染器，以快速估计体素密度和特征。然后，使用精细的体素渲染器来实现高质量的射线追踪。我们执行广泛的实验，并表明PDRF比以前的SOTA快15倍，同时在合成场景和真实场景上都取得更好的性能。

Point of View & TimeFigure 1: We propose D-NeRF, a method for synthesizing novel views, at an arbitrary point in time, of dynamic scenes with complex non-rigid geometries. We optimize an underlying deformable volumetric function from a sparse set of input monocular views without the need of ground-truth geometry nor multi-view images. The figure shows two scenes under variable points of view and time instances synthesised by the proposed model.

Representing and synthesizing novel views in real-world dynamic scenes from casual monocular videos is a long-standing problem. Existing solutions typically approach dynamic scenes by applying geometry techniques or utilizing temporal information between several adjacent frames without considering the underlying background distribution in the entire scene or the transmittance over the ray dimension, limiting their performance on static and occlusion areas. Our approach $\textbf{D}$istribution-$\textbf{D}$riven neural radiance fields offers high-quality view synthesis and a 3D solution to $\textbf{D}$etach the background from the entire $\textbf{D}$ynamic scene, which is called $\text{D}^4$NeRF. Specifically, it employs a neural representation to capture the scene distribution in the static background and a 6D-input NeRF to represent dynamic objects, respectively. Each ray sample is given an additional occlusion weight to indicate the transmittance lying in the static and dynamic components. We evaluate $\text{D}^4$NeRF on public dynamic scenes and our urban driving scenes acquired from an autonomous-driving dataset. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach outperforms previous methods in rendering texture details and motion areas while also producing a clean static background. Our code will be released at https://github.com/Luciferbobo/D4NeRF.

We present a method that synthesizes novel views of complex scenes by interpolating a sparse set of nearby views. The core of our method is a network architecture that includes a multilayer perceptron and a ray transformer that estimates radiance and volume density at continuous 5D locations (3D spatial locations and 2D viewing directions), drawing appearance information on the fly from multiple source views. By drawing on source views at render time, our method hearkens back to classic work on image-based rendering (IBR), and allows us to render high-resolution imagery. Unlike neural scene representation work that optimizes per-scene functions for rendering, we learn a generic view interpolation function that generalizes to novel scenes. We render images using classic volume rendering, which is fully differentiable and allows us to train using only multiview posed images as supervision. Experiments show that our method outperforms recent novel view synthesis methods that also seek to generalize to novel scenes. Further, if fine-tuned on each scene, our method is competitive with state-of-the-art single-scene neural rendering methods. 1

我们呈现NERF-SR，一种用于高分辨率（HR）新型视图合成的解决方案，主要是低分辨率（LR）输入。我们的方法是基于神经辐射场（NERF）的内置，其预测每点密度和颜色，具有多层的射击。在在任意尺度上产生图像时，NERF与超越观察图像的分辨率努力。我们的关键识别是NERF具有本地之前的，这意味着可以在附近区域传播3D点的预测，并且保持准确。我们首先通过超级采样策略来利用它，该策略在每个图像像素处射击多个光线，这在子像素级别强制了多视图约束。然后，我们表明，NERF-SR可以通过改进网络进一步提高超级采样的性能，该细化网络利用估计的深度来实现HR参考图像上的相关补丁的幻觉。实验结果表明，NERF-SR在合成和现实世界数据集的HR上为新型视图合成产生高质量结果。

Figure 1. Given a monocular image sequence, NR-NeRF reconstructs a single canonical neural radiance field to represent geometry and appearance, and a per-time-step deformation field. We can render the scene into a novel spatio-temporal camera trajectory that significantly differs from the input trajectory. NR-NeRF also learns rigidity scores and correspondences without direct supervision on either. We can use the rigidity scores to remove the foreground, we can supersample along the time dimension, and we can exaggerate or dampen motion.

从理想图像中估算神经辐射场（NERF）已在计算机视觉社区中进行了广泛的研究。大多数方法都采用最佳照明和缓慢的相机运动。这些假设通常在机器人应用中违反，其中图像包含运动模糊，场景可能没有合适的照明。这可能会给下游任务（例如导航，检查或可视化场景）带来重大问题。为了减轻我们提出的E-NERF的这些问题，这是第一种方法，该方法以快速移动的事件摄像机的形式估算了以NERF的形式进行体积的场景表示形式。我们的方法可以在非常快速的运动和高动态范围条件下恢复NERF，而基于框架的方法失败。我们证明，仅提供事件流作为输入，可以渲染高质量的帧。此外，通过结合事件和框架，我们可以在严重的运动模糊下估计比最先进的方法更高的质量。我们还表明，将事件和帧组合可以克服在只有很少的输入视图的情况下，无需额外正则化的方案中的NERF估计案例。

Figure 1: Our method can synthesize novel views in both space and time from a single monocular video of a dynamic scene. Here we show video results with various configurations of fixing and interpolating view and time (left), as well as a visualization of the recovered scene geometry (right). Please view with Adobe Acrobat or KDE Okular to see animations.

我们提出了高动态范围辐射（HDR）字段，HDR-PLENOXELS，它学习了3D HDR辐射场的肺化功能，几何信息和2D低动态范围（LDR）图像中固有的不同摄像机设置。我们基于体素的卷渲染管道可重建HDR辐射字段，仅以端到端的方式从不同的相机设置中拍摄的多视图LDR图像，并且具有快速的收敛速度。为了在现实世界中处理各种摄像机，我们引入了一个音调映射模块，该模块模拟了数字相机内成像管道（ISP）（ISP）和DISTANGLES辐射测定设置。我们的音调映射模块可以通过控制每个新型视图的辐射设置来渲染。最后，我们构建一个具有不同摄像机条件的多视图数据集，适合我们的问题设置。我们的实验表明，HDR-Plenoxels可以从具有各种相机的LDR图像中表达细节和高质量的HDR新型视图。

3D reconstruction and novel view synthesis of dynamic scenes from collections of single views recently gained increased attention. Existing work shows impressive results for synthetic setups and forward-facing real-world data, but is severely limited in the training speed and angular range for generating novel views. This paper addresses these limitations and proposes a new method for full 360{\deg} novel view synthesis of non-rigidly deforming scenes. At the core of our method are: 1) An efficient deformation module that decouples the processing of spatial and temporal information for acceleration at training and inference time; and 2) A static module representing the canonical scene as a fast hash-encoded neural radiance field. We evaluate the proposed approach on the established synthetic D-NeRF benchmark, that enables efficient reconstruction from a single monocular view per time-frame randomly sampled from a full hemisphere. We refer to this form of inputs as monocularized data. To prove its practicality for real-world scenarios, we recorded twelve challenging sequences with human actors by sampling single frames from a synchronized multi-view rig. In both cases, our method is trained significantly faster than previous methods (minutes instead of days) while achieving higher visual accuracy for generated novel views. Our source code and data is available at our project page https://graphics.tu-bs.de/publications/kappel2022fast.

在本文中，我们为复杂场景进行了高效且强大的深度学习解决方案。在我们的方法中，3D场景表示为光场，即，一组光线，每组在到达图像平面时具有相应的颜色。对于高效的新颖视图渲染，我们采用了光场的双面参数化，其中每个光线的特征在于4D参数。然后，我们将光场配向作为4D函数，即将4D坐标映射到相应的颜色值。我们训练一个深度完全连接的网络以优化这种隐式功能并记住3D场景。然后，特定于场景的模型用于综合新颖视图。与以前需要密集的视野的方法不同，需要密集的视野采样来可靠地呈现新颖的视图，我们的方法可以通过采样光线来呈现新颖的视图并直接从网络查询每种光线的颜色，从而使高质量的灯场呈现稀疏集合训练图像。网络可以可选地预测每光深度，从而使诸如自动重新焦点的应用。我们的小说视图合成结果与最先进的综合结果相当，甚至在一些具有折射和反射的具有挑战性的场景中优越。我们在保持交互式帧速率和小的内存占地面积的同时实现这一点。

我们提出了一种新的方法来获取来自在线图像集合的对象表示，从具有不同摄像机，照明和背景的照片捕获任意物体的高质量几何形状和材料属性。这使得各种以各种对象渲染应用诸如新颖的综合，致密和协调的背景组合物，从疯狂的内部输入。使用多级方法延伸神经辐射场，首先推断表面几何形状并优化粗估计的初始相机参数，同时利用粗糙的前景对象掩模来提高训练效率和几何质量。我们还介绍了一种强大的正常估计技术，其消除了几何噪声的效果，同时保持了重要细节。最后，我们提取表面材料特性和环境照明，以球形谐波表示，具有处理瞬态元素的延伸部，例如，锋利的阴影。这些组件的结合导致高度模块化和有效的对象采集框架。广泛的评估和比较证明了我们在捕获高质量的几何形状和外观特性方面的方法，可用于渲染应用。

Input: 3 views of held-out scene NeRF pixelNeRF Output: Rendered new views Input Novel views Input Novel views Input Novel views Figure 1: NeRF from one or few images. We present pixelNeRF, a learning framework that predicts a Neural Radiance Field (NeRF) representation from a single (top) or few posed images (bottom). PixelNeRF can be trained on a set of multi-view images, allowing it to generate plausible novel view synthesis from very few input images without test-time optimization (bottom left). In contrast, NeRF has no generalization capabilities and performs poorly when only three input views are available (bottom right).

神经辐射场（NERF）最近获得了令人印象深刻的新型观点综合能力的普及。本文研究了幻觉的nerf问题：即，在一组旅游形象的一天的不同时间恢复现实的nerf。现有解决方案采用NERF具有可控外观嵌入，以在各种条件下呈现新颖的视图，但不能以看不见的外观呈现视图 - 一致的图像。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种用于构建幻觉的nerf的端到端框架，称为H-nerf。具体地，我们提出了一种外观幻觉模块，以处理时变的外观，并将其转移到新颖的视图中。考虑到旅游图像的复杂遮挡，引入防遮挡模块以准确地分解静态受体的静态对象。合成数据和真实旅游照片集合的实验结果表明，我们的方法不仅可以幻觉所需的外观，还可以从不同视图中呈现无遮挡图像。项目和补充材料可在https://rover-xingyu.github.io/h-nerf/上获得。

We address the problem of synthesizing novel views from a monocular video depicting a complex dynamic scene. State-of-the-art methods based on temporally varying Neural Radiance Fields (aka dynamic NeRFs) have shown impressive results on this task. However, for long videos with complex object motions and uncontrolled camera trajectories, these methods can produce blurry or inaccurate renderings, hampering their use in real-world applications. Instead of encoding the entire dynamic scene within the weights of an MLP, we present a new approach that addresses these limitations by adopting a volumetric image-based rendering framework that synthesizes new viewpoints by aggregating features from nearby views in a scene-motion-aware manner. Our system retains the advantages of prior methods in its ability to model complex scenes and view-dependent effects, but also enables synthesizing photo-realistic novel views from long videos featuring complex scene dynamics with unconstrained camera trajectories. We demonstrate significant improvements over state-of-the-art methods on dynamic scene datasets, and also apply our approach to in-the-wild videos with challenging camera and object motion, where prior methods fail to produce high-quality renderings. Our project webpage is at dynibar.github.io.

我们探索了基于神经光场表示的几种新颖观点合成的新策略。给定目标摄像头姿势，隐式神经网络将每个射线映射到其目标像素的颜色。该网络的条件是根据来自显式3D特征量的粗量渲染产生的本地射线特征。该卷是由使用3D Convnet的输入图像构建的。我们的方法在基于最先进的神经辐射场竞争方面，在合成和真实MVS数据上实现了竞争性能，同时提供了100倍的渲染速度。

神经辐射场（NERF）及其变体在代表3D场景和合成照片现实的小说视角方面取得了巨大成功。但是，它们通常基于针孔摄像头模型，并假设全焦点输入。这限制了它们的适用性，因为从现实世界中捕获的图像通常具有有限的场地（DOF）。为了减轻此问题，我们介绍了DOF-NERF，这是一种新型的神经渲染方法，可以处理浅的DOF输入并可以模拟DOF效应。特别是，它扩展了NERF，以模拟按照几何光学的原理模拟镜头的光圈。这样的物理保证允许DOF-NERF使用不同的焦点配置操作视图。 DOF-NERF受益于显式光圈建模，还可以通过调整虚拟光圈和焦点参数来直接操纵DOF效果。它是插件，可以插入基于NERF的框架中。关于合成和现实世界数据集的实验表明，DOF-NERF不仅在全焦点设置中与NERF相当，而且可以合成以浅DOF输入为条件的全焦点新型视图。还展示了DOF-nerf在DOF渲染上的有趣应用。源代码将在https://github.com/zijinwuzijin/dof-nerf上提供。