由于对人工智能的大量解释，我们日常生活的各个领域都使用了机器学习技术。在世界上，在许多情况下，可以预防简单的犯罪，甚至可能发生或找到对此负责的人。面孔是我们拥有的一个独特特征，并且可以轻松区分许多其他物种。但是，不仅不同的物种，它在确定与我们同一物种的人的人类中也起着重要作用。关于这个关键功能，如今最常发生一个问题。当相机指向时，它无法检测到一个人的脸，并且变成了糟糕的图像。另一方面，在安装了抢劫和安全摄像头的地方，由于较低的摄像头，强盗的身份几乎无法区分。但是，仅制作出出色的算法来工作和检测面部就会降低硬件的成本，而专注于该领域的成本并不多。面部识别，小部件控制等可以通过正确检测到面部来完成。这项研究旨在创建和增强正确识别面孔的机器学习模型。总共有627个数据是从孟加拉国不同的四个天使的面孔中收集的。在这项工作中，CNN，Harr Cascade，Cascaded CNN，Deep CNN和MTCNN是实施的五种机器学习方法，以获得我们数据集的最佳准确性。创建和运行模型后，多任务卷积神经网络（MTCNN）通过培训数据而不是其他机器学习模型实现了96.2％的最佳模型精度。

2019年冠状病毒疾病（Covid-19）继续自爆发以来对世界产生巨大挑战。为了对抗这种疾病，开发了一系列人工智能（AI）技术，并应用于现实世界的情景，如安全监测，疾病诊断，感染风险评估，Covid-19 CT扫描的病变细分等。 Coronavirus流行病迫使人们佩戴面膜来抵消病毒的传播，这也带来了监控戴着面具的大群人群的困难。在本文中，我们主要关注蒙面面部检测和相关数据集的AI技术。从蒙面面部检测数据集的描述开始，我们调查了最近的进步。详细描述并详细讨论了十三可用数据集。然后，该方法大致分为两类：传统方法和基于神经网络的方法。常规方法通常通过用手工制作的特征升高算法来训练，该算法占少比例。基于神经网络的方法根据处理阶段的数量进一步归类为三个部分。详细描述了代表性算法，与一些简要描述的一些典型技术耦合。最后，我们总结了最近的基准测试结果，讨论了关于数据集和方法的局限性，并扩大了未来的研究方向。据我们所知，这是关于蒙面面部检测方法和数据集的第一次调查。希望我们的调查可以提供一些帮助对抗流行病的帮助。

The emergence of COVID-19 has had a global and profound impact, not only on society as a whole, but also on the lives of individuals. Various prevention measures were introduced around the world to limit the transmission of the disease, including face masks, mandates for social distancing and regular disinfection in public spaces, and the use of screening applications. These developments also triggered the need for novel and improved computer vision techniques capable of (i) providing support to the prevention measures through an automated analysis of visual data, on the one hand, and (ii) facilitating normal operation of existing vision-based services, such as biometric authentication schemes, on the other. Especially important here, are computer vision techniques that focus on the analysis of people and faces in visual data and have been affected the most by the partial occlusions introduced by the mandates for facial masks. Such computer vision based human analysis techniques include face and face-mask detection approaches, face recognition techniques, crowd counting solutions, age and expression estimation procedures, models for detecting face-hand interactions and many others, and have seen considerable attention over recent years. The goal of this survey is to provide an introduction to the problems induced by COVID-19 into such research and to present a comprehensive review of the work done in the computer vision based human analysis field. Particular attention is paid to the impact of facial masks on the performance of various methods and recent solutions to mitigate this problem. Additionally, a detailed review of existing datasets useful for the development and evaluation of methods for COVID-19 related applications is also provided. Finally, to help advance the field further, a discussion on the main open challenges and future research direction is given.

X-ray imaging technology has been used for decades in clinical tasks to reveal the internal condition of different organs, and in recent years, it has become more common in other areas such as industry, security, and geography. The recent development of computer vision and machine learning techniques has also made it easier to automatically process X-ray images and several machine learning-based object (anomaly) detection, classification, and segmentation methods have been recently employed in X-ray image analysis. Due to the high potential of deep learning in related image processing applications, it has been used in most of the studies. This survey reviews the recent research on using computer vision and machine learning for X-ray analysis in industrial production and security applications and covers the applications, techniques, evaluation metrics, datasets, and performance comparison of those techniques on publicly available datasets. We also highlight some drawbacks in the published research and give recommendations for future research in computer vision-based X-ray analysis.

基于全面的生物识别是一个广泛的研究区域。然而，仅使用部分可见的面，例如在遮盖的人的情况下，是一个具有挑战性的任务。在这项工作中使用深卷积神经网络（CNN）来提取来自遮盖者面部图像的特征。我们发现，第六和第七完全连接的层，FC6和FC7分别在VGG19网络的结构中提供了鲁棒特征，其中这两层包含4096个功能。这项工作的主要目标是测试基于深度学习的自动化计算机系统的能力，不仅要识别人，还要对眼睛微笑等性别，年龄和面部表达的认可。我们的实验结果表明，我们为所有任务获得了高精度。最佳记录的准确度值高达99.95％，用于识别人员，99.9％，年龄识别的99.9％，面部表情（眼睛微笑）认可为80.9％。

面部检测是为了在图像中搜索面部的所有可能区域，并且如果有任何情况，则定位面部。包括面部识别，面部表情识别，面部跟踪和头部姿势估计的许多应用假设面部的位置和尺寸在图像中是已知的。近几十年来，研究人员从Viola-Jones脸上检测器创造了许多典型和有效的面部探测器到当前的基于CNN的CNN。然而，随着图像和视频的巨大增加，具有面部刻度的变化，外观，表达，遮挡和姿势，传统的面部探测器被挑战来检测野外面孔的各种“脸部。深度学习技术的出现带来了非凡的检测突破，以及计算的价格相当大的价格。本文介绍了代表性的深度学习的方法，并在准确性和效率方面提出了深度和全面的分析。我们进一步比较并讨论了流行的并挑战数据集及其评估指标。进行了几种成功的基于深度学习的面部探测器的全面比较，以使用两个度量来揭示其效率：拖鞋和延迟。本文可以指导为不同应用选择合适的面部探测器，也可以开发更高效和准确的探测器。

面部检测和识别是人工智能系统中最困难，经常使用的任务。这项研究的目的是介绍和比较系统中使用的几种面部检测和识别算法的结果。该系统始于人类的训练图像，然后继续进行测试图像，识别面部，将其与受过训练的面部进行比较，最后使用OPENCV分类器对其进行分类。这项研究将讨论系统中使用的最有效，最成功的策略，这些策略是使用Python，OpenCV和Matplotlib实施的。它也可以用于CCTV的位置，例如公共场所，购物中心和ATM摊位。

Due to object detection's close relationship with video analysis and image understanding, it has attracted much research attention in recent years. Traditional object detection methods are built on handcrafted features and shallow trainable architectures. Their performance easily stagnates by constructing complex ensembles which combine multiple low-level image features with high-level context from object detectors and scene classifiers. With the rapid development in deep learning, more powerful tools, which are able to learn semantic, high-level, deeper features, are introduced to address the problems existing in traditional architectures. These models behave differently in network architecture, training strategy and optimization function, etc. In this paper, we provide a review on deep learning based object detection frameworks. Our review begins with a brief introduction on the history of deep learning and its representative tool, namely Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Then we focus on typical generic object detection architectures along with some modifications and useful tricks to improve detection performance further. As distinct specific detection tasks exhibit different characteristics, we also briefly survey several specific tasks, including salient object detection, face detection and pedestrian detection. Experimental analyses are also provided to compare various methods and draw some meaningful conclusions. Finally, several promising directions and tasks are provided to serve as guidelines for future work in both object detection and relevant neural network based learning systems.

面部检测是计算机愿景领域的长期挑战，最终目标是准确地将人类面临着不受约束的环境。由于与姿势，图像分辨率，照明，闭塞和观点相关的混淆因素，使这些系统具有重要的技术障碍。据说，随着最近的机器学习的发展，面部检测系统实现了非凡的准确性，主要是基于数据驱动的深度学习模型[70]。虽然鼓励，限制了部署系统的面部检测性能和社会责任的关键方面是人类外观的固有多样性。每个人类的外表都反映了一个人的东西，包括他们的遗产，身份，经验和自我表达的可见表现。但是，有关面部检测系统如何在面对不同的面部尺寸和形状，肤色，身体修改和身体装饰方面进行良好的表现问题。为了实现这一目标，我们收集了独特的人类外观数据集，这是一种图像集，表示具有低频率的外观，并且往往是面部数据集的缺点。然后，我们评估了当前最先进的脸部检测模型，其能够检测这些图像中的面部。评估结果表明，面部检测算法对这些不同的外观没有概括。评估和表征当前的面部检测模型的状态将加速研究和开发，以创造更公平和更准确的面部检测系统。

水果苍蝇是果实产量最有害的昆虫物种之一。在AlertTrap中，使用不同的最先进的骨干功能提取器（如MobiLenetv1和MobileNetv2）的SSD架构的实现似乎是实时检测问题的潜在解决方案。SSD-MobileNetv1和SSD-MobileNetv2表现良好并导致AP至0.5分别为0.957和1.0。YOLOV4-TINY优于SSD家族，在AP@0.5中为1.0;但是，其吞吐量速度略微慢。

海洋生态系统及其鱼类栖息地越来越重要，因为它们在提供有价值的食物来源和保护效果方面的重要作用。由于它们的偏僻且难以接近自然，因此通常使用水下摄像头对海洋环境和鱼类栖息地进行监测。这些相机产生了大量数字数据，这些数据无法通过当前的手动处理方法有效地分析，这些方法涉及人类观察者。 DL是一种尖端的AI技术，在分析视觉数据时表现出了前所未有的性能。尽管它应用于无数领域，但仍在探索其在水下鱼类栖息地监测中的使用。在本文中，我们提供了一个涵盖DL的关键概念的教程，该教程可帮助读者了解对DL的工作原理的高级理解。该教程还解释了一个逐步的程序，讲述了如何为诸如水下鱼类监测等挑战性应用开发DL算法。此外，我们还提供了针对鱼类栖息地监测的关键深度学习技术的全面调查，包括分类，计数，定位和细分。此外，我们对水下鱼类数据集进行了公开调查，并比较水下鱼类监测域中的各种DL技术。我们还讨论了鱼类栖息地加工深度学习的新兴领域的一些挑战和机遇。本文是为了作为希望掌握对DL的高级了解，通过遵循我们的分步教程而为其应用开发的海洋科学家的教程，并了解如何发展其研究，以促进他们的研究。努力。同时，它适用于希望调查基于DL的最先进方法的计算机科学家，以进行鱼类栖息地监测。

Pneumonia, a respiratory infection brought on by bacteria or viruses, affects a large number of people, especially in developing and impoverished countries where high levels of pollution, unclean living conditions, and overcrowding are frequently observed, along with insufficient medical infrastructure. Pleural effusion, a condition in which fluids fill the lung and complicate breathing, is brought on by pneumonia. Early detection of pneumonia is essential for ensuring curative care and boosting survival rates. The approach most usually used to diagnose pneumonia is chest X-ray imaging. The purpose of this work is to develop a method for the automatic diagnosis of bacterial and viral pneumonia in digital x-ray pictures. This article first presents the authors' technique, and then gives a comprehensive report on recent developments in the field of reliable diagnosis of pneumonia. In this study, here tuned a state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural network to classify plant diseases based on images and tested its performance. Deep learning architecture is compared empirically. VGG19, ResNet with 152v2, Resnext101, Seresnet152, Mobilenettv2, and DenseNet with 201 layers are among the architectures tested. Experiment data consists of two groups, sick and healthy X-ray pictures. To take appropriate action against plant diseases as soon as possible, rapid disease identification models are preferred. DenseNet201 has shown no overfitting or performance degradation in our experiments, and its accuracy tends to increase as the number of epochs increases. Further, DenseNet201 achieves state-of-the-art performance with a significantly a smaller number of parameters and within a reasonable computing time. This architecture outperforms the competition in terms of testing accuracy, scoring 95%. Each architecture was trained using Keras, using Theano as the backend.

如今，乳腺癌已成为近年来最突出的死亡原因之一。在所有恶性肿瘤中，这是全球妇女最常见和主要的死亡原因。手动诊断这种疾病需要大量的时间和专业知识。乳腺癌的检测是耗时的，并且可以通过开发基于机器的乳腺癌预测来减少疾病的传播。在机器学习中，系统可以从先前的实例中学习，并使用各种统计，概率和优化方法从嘈杂或复杂的数据集中找到难以检测的模式。这项工作比较了几种机器学习算法的分类准确性，精度，灵敏度和新近收集的数据集的特异性。在这种工作决策树，随机森林，逻辑回归，天真的贝叶斯和XGBoost中，已经实施了这五种机器学习方法，以在我们的数据集中获得最佳性能。这项研究的重点是找到最佳的算法，该算法可以预测乳腺癌，以最高的准确性。这项工作在效率和有效性方面评估了每种算法数据分类的质量。并与该领域的其他已发表工作相比。实施模型后，本研究达到了最佳模型准确性，在随机森林和XGBoost上达到94％。

在视频中，人类的行为是三维（3D）信号。这些视频研究了人类行为的时空知识。使用3D卷积神经网络（CNN）研究了有希望的能力。 3D CNN尚未在静止照片中为其建立良好的二维（2D）等效物获得高输出。董事会3D卷积记忆和时空融合面部训练难以防止3D CNN完成非凡的评估。在本文中，我们实施了混合深度学习体系结构，该体系结构结合了Stip和3D CNN功能，以有效地增强3D视频的性能。实施后，在每个时空融合圈中进行训练的较详细和更深的图表。训练模型在处理模型的复杂评估后进一步增强了结果。视频分类模型在此实现模型中使用。引入了使用深度学习的多媒体数据分类的智能3D网络协议，以进一步了解人类努力中的时空关联。在实施结果时，著名的数据集（即UCF101）评估了提出的混合技术的性能。结果击败了提出的混合技术，该混合动力技术基本上超过了最初的3D CNN。将结果与文献的最新框架进行比较，以识别UCF101的行动识别，准确度为95％。

In the current times, the fear and danger of COVID-19 virus still stands large. Manual monitoring of social distancing norms is impractical with a large population moving about and with insufficient task force and resources to administer them. There is a need for a lightweight, robust and 24X7 video-monitoring system that automates this process. This paper proposes a comprehensive and effective solution to perform person detection, social distancing violation detection, face detection and face mask classification using object detection, clustering and Convolution Neural Network (CNN) based binary classifier. For this, YOLOv3, Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN), Dual Shot Face Detector (DSFD) and MobileNetV2 based binary classifier have been employed on surveillance video datasets. This paper also provides a comparative study of different face detection and face mask classification models. Finally, a video dataset labelling method is proposed along with the labelled video dataset to compensate for the lack of dataset in the community and is used for evaluation of the system. The system performance is evaluated in terms of accuracy, F1 score as well as the prediction time, which has to be low for practical applicability. The system performs with an accuracy of 91.2% and F1 score of 90.79% on the labelled video dataset and has an average prediction time of 7.12 seconds for 78 frames of a video.

在SARS-COV-2大流行期间，戴着面膜穿着成为防止传播和收缩病毒的有效工具。监测人口中面膜速率的能力将用于确定对病毒的公共卫生策略。然而，用于检测面罩的人工智能技术尚未在现实​​生活中以大规模部署在公共场合的大规模中。在本文中，我们介绍了由两个单独的模块组成的两步​​面掩模检测方法：1）面部检测和对准，2）面掩模分类。这种方法使我们能够尝试不同的面部检测和面罩分类模块的组合。更具体地说，我们尝试使用金字塔和视网膜作为面部探测器，同时保持面罩分类模块的轻质骨干。此外，我们还提供了Aizoo数据集的测试集的重叠注释，在那里我们纠正了某些面部图像的错误标签。 Aizoo和Moxa 3K数据集的评估结果表明，所提出的面罩检测管道超越了最先进的方法。所提出的管道在AIZOO数据集的重叠测试组上也产生了比原始测试集更高的映射。由于我们使用野外的面部图像培训了所提出的模型，我们可以成功部署我们的模型来使用公共CCTV图像监控戴掩模速率。

Network intrusion detection systems (NIDSs) play an important role in computer network security. There are several detection mechanisms where anomaly-based automated detection outperforms others significantly. Amid the sophistication and growing number of attacks, dealing with large amounts of data is a recognized issue in the development of anomaly-based NIDS. However, do current models meet the needs of today's networks in terms of required accuracy and dependability? In this research, we propose a new hybrid model that combines machine learning and deep learning to increase detection rates while securing dependability. Our proposed method ensures efficient pre-processing by combining SMOTE for data balancing and XGBoost for feature selection. We compared our developed method to various machine learning and deep learning algorithms to find a more efficient algorithm to implement in the pipeline. Furthermore, we chose the most effective model for network intrusion based on a set of benchmarked performance analysis criteria. Our method produces excellent results when tested on two datasets, KDDCUP'99 and CIC-MalMem-2022, with an accuracy of 99.99% and 100% for KDDCUP'99 and CIC-MalMem-2022, respectively, and no overfitting or Type-1 and Type-2 issues.

Face detection is one of the most studied topics in the computer vision community. Much of the progresses have been made by the availability of face detection benchmark datasets. We show that there is a gap between current face detection performance and the real world requirements. To facilitate future face detection research, we introduce the WIDER FACE dataset, which is 10 times larger than existing datasets. The dataset contains rich annotations, including occlusions, poses, event categories, and face bounding boxes. Faces in the proposed dataset are extremely challenging due to large variations in scale, pose and occlusion, as shown in Fig. 1. Furthermore, we show that WIDER FACE dataset is an effective training source for face detection. We benchmark several representative detection systems, providing an overview of state-of-the-art performance and propose a solution to deal with large scale variation. Finally, we discuss common failure cases that worth to be further investigated. Dataset can be downloaded at: mmlab.ie.cuhk.edu.hk/projects/WIDERFace

自治机器人目前是最受欢迎的人工智能问题之一，在过去十年中，从自动驾驶汽车和人形系统到交付机器人和无人机，这是一项最受欢迎的智能问题。部分问题是获得一个机器人，以模仿人类的感知，我们的视觉感，用诸如神经网络等数学模型用相机和大脑的眼睛替换眼睛。开发一个能够在没有人为干预的情况下驾驶汽车的AI和一个小型机器人在城市中递送包裹可能看起来像不同的问题，因此来自感知和视觉的观点来看，这两个问题都有几种相似之处。我们目前的主要解决方案通过使用计算机视觉技术，机器学习和各种算法来实现对环境感知的关注，使机器人理解环境或场景，移动，调整其轨迹并执行其任务（维护，探索，等。）无需人为干预。在这项工作中，我们从头开始开发一个小型自动车辆，能够仅使用视觉信息理解场景，通过工业环境导航，检测人员和障碍，或执行简单的维护任务。我们审查了基本问题的最先进问题，并证明了小规模采用的许多方法类似于来自特斯拉或Lyft等公司的真正自动驾驶汽车中使用的方法。最后，我们讨论了当前的机器人和自主驾驶状态以及我们在这一领域找到的技术和道德限制。